Iprophylaxis, ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa komhlaza: izinto ezilungileyo

Ngokombiko we-World Health Organisation, malunga nezigidi ezi-8 zabantu bafa ngomhlaza emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka. Iindlela eziphambili zonyango lomhlaza okwangoku ziyi-chemotherapy kunye nokuchithwa kwemitha. Ngelishwa, bangela iziphumo ezibi kakhulu, kuba kungekhona nje ukuhlasela kweeseli zomhlaza, kodwa nazo ziphilileyo.

I-Cancer ingaphezu kwesiphi na esinye isifo, sidinga iindlela ezintsha zokuxilonga kunye nokunyango. Sebenza kule ndlela iqhutywe kwiibhubhoratri zehlabathi ezilungileyo. Amazwe athuthukileyo anikezela ngokubonelela ngemali kule nto, kuba amagosa alawulayo amayeza ayesaba umdlavuza, njengabo bonke abanye abantu. Ngaphantsi kwiphononongo yezifundo eziza kubakho kwisiqingatha sokuqala sonyaka we-2016 ekulwa nemibhobho echaphazelekayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuxilongwa komhlaza kwangaphambili

Izifo ze-oncological zenza umthwalo obalulekileyo kwi-system immune system, ukuphoqeleka ukuba usebenze ngaphaya kwemiqathango yamathuba. Njengoko uyazi, inxalenye yesistim sokuzivikela sisetyenzi zegazi ezimhlophe - i-leukocytes. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zaphakamisa ukuba iiselmzi zegazi ezimhlophe zabantu abanomdlavuza, kodwa bengenayo impawu ebonakalayo, phantsi kwefuthe le-ultraviolet irradiation ziya kuphuka ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunamandla kunabantu abanempilo.

Kuhlolisiso, iisampula zegazi zithathwe kwizigulane zomhlaza, kunye namavolontiya anempilo, kunye nabalobi bendlela entsha yokuxilonga abazange bazi ukuba ngubani ophetheyo. I-leukocyte yezigulane zomhlaza zazingenakunzima ngaphezu kweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi zabantu abaphilileyo. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi, okulula kwaye kuncinci kuneendlela zokuxilonga ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, ngokuchanekileyo kwachongwa abantu abangama-94 abanempilweni, izigulane ezingama-58 zomhlaza kunye nezinye izigulane ezingama-56 ezinesiganeko esinqabileyo sesi sifo.

Uphononongo oluchazwe ngasentla lubandakanye izigulane ezine-melanoma, kunye nomhlaza we-lung kunye nomhlaza. Isinyathelo esilandelayo, okwangoku sicwangcisiweyo, kukuvavanya indlela entsha yokuxilongwa kwezinye iindidi zomhlaza ezibandakanya izigulane ezininzi. Kwesinye isifundo, iziphumo zazo zatshicilelwe kutshanje, zafumanisa ukuba izinga le-amino acids - i-valine, leucine kunye ne-isoleucine - landa egazini kwizigulane ezine-cancer ye-pancreatic enye iminyaka engama-1-10 ngaphambi kokuba isibetho sibonakale ngezinye iimpawu.

Ukunciphisa ukusasazeka komhlaza emzimbeni

Masithi ukuba iindlela zokuxilonga ziphucula, zivumela ukufumana umhlaza kwinqanaba eliphambili. Kodwa yintoni elandelayo? Izifo ze-oncological zibangele isiphumo esibulalayo, xa sisasazeka kwimbutho yomthombo kuwo wonke umzimba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastases. Iingcali zenzululwazi zizama ukunciphisa ukuphuhliswa kwazo kwaye zandisa ubomi kwizigulane. IYunivesithi yaseStanford ilandelelanise iprotheni entsha, mhlawumbi, inokusombulula le ngxaki.

Ekubeni kwintsholongwane yomhlaza phakathi kwezinye iamolekyu yi-protein Axl. Ukuze i-tumor inike i-metastase, le protein kufuneka ifakwe kwiprotheni ebizwa ngeGesi6 kwaye ijikeleze egazini. Ukuba ezi proteins ziyakwazi ukudibanisa, ezinye zeeseli zomhlaza zihlukaniswe ukusuka kwikoloni enkulu, zingena kwigazi kwaye zihambela kwezinye izitho ukuphuhlisa izidumbu.

Izazinzulu zenza iprotheni-bait, ephindwe ngama-100 ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-Gas6, iphuma i-Axl ngaphandle kweshishini. Ukusebenza kwonyango olutsha luphandwe kwiimiceba zebhubhoratri nomhlaza. Isantya sokwakheka kwee-nodas ze-metastatic kwi-cancer yombele sehla ngo-78%, kunye nomhlaza wesi-ovari - ngo-90%. Ngelishwa, kwinqaku leyesiNgesi akukho nto ichazwa malunga nokucwangciswa kophando kubantu, kunye nokuvavanya indlela entsha kwezinye iindidi zomhlaza.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli zomhlaza ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi

Ukuphucula ngempumelelo umhlaza, akufuneki kuphela ukuvimba ukusabalala kweemitha zesifo, kodwa utshabalalise ngokupheleleyo ikoloni yamaseli omhlaza. Iindlela eziphambili zonyango ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje zi-x ray ray kunye ne-chemotherapy. Bafana ne-carpet bombing ngokubangela ukubulawa kwabantu abemi, kwaye kungekhona nje kuphela kwiindawo zokuhlaselwa. Izigulane zidinga kakhulu iindlela ezintsha zokuphelisa umdlavuza ongenakonakalisa izicubu ezinempilo.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zizama ukubeka unyango lwonyango lomhlaza ngoncedo lwe-nanoparticles. Ezi zi-molecule ezinomlinganiselo wezigidi ezimbalwa zemitha. Ithuba lokusebenza kunye nezinto ezincinci zivele nje kutshanje, kule nkulungwane. I-Nanotechnology ithembisa ukuxazulula iingxaki ezininzi zehlabathi kwixesha elide, kwaye kungekhona nje ukunqoba izifo eziphilayo. Ukuze unyango lomhlaza, zama ukusebenzisa i-nanoparticles esekelwe kwisexy oxide, kunye negolide.

I-Nanoparticles ezinokunceda izilwanyana zingathatyelwa kwisisu somhlaza emzimbeni wesigulane. Emva koko, bashukunyiswa ngumsila we-laser, obangela ukuba baqhube kunye nokutshabalalisa amaseli omhlaza. Kwakhona, i-nanoparticles inokudibaniswa neziyobisi ezisetyenziselwa ukhemotherapy ngaphambi kokufakwa emzimbeni. Kule meko, i-nanoparticles iya kuba yindlela echanekileyo yokuhambisa iyeza kwiziko lezenzo zalo. Izindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga umdlavuza usebenzisa i-nanoparticles sele sele ivavanywa kwiimicebisi zebhubhoratri. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuba kuphela ama-3-6% omlinganiselo osemgangathweni we-chemotherapy kunye ne-X-ray irradiation kufuneka ukuba abulale amaseli omhlaza. Ngelo xesha, umonakalo omncinci ubangelwa kwiimfucu eziphilileyo ezijikeleza isisu somhlaza.

Ukuphulukana kwonyango lomhlaza kuyilungisa, kodwa akukafumaneki

Kukho ukuphakama okuphezulu ukuba ezinye zeendlela ezichazwe ngasentla, kwiminyaka ezayo ziya kubakho ekuphuculeni kunyango lomhlaza. Ngelishwa, imbali yokulwa nomhlaza iqulethe imizekelo emininzi yokwehluleka. Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ezaqala ukubonakala zithembisayo, zahluleka kwizifundo zabantu. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu eziqhuba uphando ngaphambili kwenzululwazi ziqaphele kakhulu kwizibikezelo zabo.

Sincoma ukuba ufunde izinto zokukhusela umhlaza kwisayithi http://centr-zdorovja.com/. Funda indlela yokukhupha umzimba - ukususa izitropu ezinzima, iinxalenye zezichumisi zezolimo kunye neekhemikhali zasemakhaya, kunye nezinye iibhokhwe abantu abafumana kuzo ukutya, amanzi kunye nomoya. Iinkcukacha zesayithi indlela yokuvavanya umngcipheko wakho womhlaza kwaye unciphise. Funda ngeendlela ezithile zokuthintela umdlavuza wamathumbu, isikhumba, umdlavuza wesifo seprotate kunye nomhlaza wesifazane.