Uphulo lwe-radiation: iziphumo ezibi. Inkqubo yonyango lomlambo: iziphumo

Mhlawumbi, akukho sisifo esibi namhlanje kunomdlavuza. Esi sigulo asibukeli kubudala okanye isimo. Ubaphatha ngonya bonke abantu. Izindlela zanamhlanje zokuphatha izicubu ziyasebenza xa eso sifo sitholakale ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwemhlaza luba nelinye icala. Ngokomzekelo, unyango lwe-radiation, imiphumo emibi apho ngezinye izihlandlo eziphezulu zempilo.

Ubunzima kunye nezihlamba ezibi

I-tumor yenziwe yintsholongwane emathambo kunye nezitho ezikhula ngokukhawuleza, zidale umonakalo obulalayo kwizitho kunye nasezikhunjini. Zonke iipoplasms ziyakwazi ukwahlukana ngokwemimiselo ibe yinto enobungozi neyingozi.

Iiseli zeengxaki zeentlungu zihluke kakhulu kumaseli enempilo. Zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zingasasazi ngaphezu kweentloko zazo. Ukubaphatha kulula kakhulu kwaye kulula. Kuba umzimba awubulali.

Iiseli zesifo esibi kakhulu asikho esifanayo kwisakhiwo kwiiseli eziqhelekileyo eziphilileyo. I-Cancer ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ichaphazela ezinye izitho kunye nezicubu (i-metastasis).

Izibilini ze-Benign zentlungu ekhethekileyo isigulane ayibangeli. Iimpawu ezihamba kakubi zihamba kunye nentlungu kunye nokuphelelwa ngumzimba jikelele . Isigulane silahlekelwa isisindo, isondlo, inzala ebomini.

I-Cancer iyaqala ngezigaba. Amanqanaba okuqala kunye nesibini anesigxina esihle. Izigaba zesithathu neyesine ukuhluma kwe-tumor ukuya kwezinye izitho kunye nezicubu, oko kukuthi, ukubunjwa kwee-metastases. Unyango kulolu nqanaba lujoliswe ekusebenziseni i-anesthetizing kunye nokwandisa ubomi kwisigulane.

Ukususela kwisifo esinjengomhlaza, akukho mntu uhlaselwe ngumshuwalense. Kwiqela lomngcipheko okhethekileyo ngabantu:

• Ngohlobo lwezinto eziphilayo.

• Ngokuzikhusela ngamandla.

• Ukuqala indlela engafanelekanga yobomi.

• Ukusebenza kwiimeko ezinobungozi.

• Ufumene nayiphi na inzakalo yokulimala.

Ukuze uthintele, kufuneka uhlolwe kanye ngonyaka ukusuka kwiprogram kwaye uphendule. Abo basemngciphekweni, kucetyiswa ukuba banikele ngegazi kubaqhubi. Olu hlalutyo lunceda ukuqaphela umhlaza kwinqanaba lokuqala.

Umdlavuza uphathwa njani?

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuphatha izicubu ezimbi:

1. Ukuhlinzwa. Indlela e phambili. Isetyenziswe kulao matyala xa i-onkoobrazovanie ingabi nkulu ngokwaneleyo, kunye nangokuba kungekho mastases (izigaba zokuqala zesifo). I-radiation okanye i-chemotherapy ingenziwa kuqala.

2. Ukunyanga kwamayeza emathumba. Ukurhoxiswa kweeseli zomhlaza ngesisombululo esikhethekileyo. Le ndlela isetyenziswe njengezimeleyo, kwakunye kunye nezinye iindlela.

3. Chemotherapy. Unyango lomhlaza usebenzisa iikhemikhali. Isetyenziswe ngokudibanisa ne-radiotherapy okanye kunye nokuhlinzwa ukunciphisa ukwakheka ngobukhulu. Kusetyenziswa kwakhona ukukhusela i-metastasis.

4. Hormonotherapy. Zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-ovari, i-prostate , isifuba nomhlaza wesibeletho .

Eyona ndlela iphumelelayo namhlanje kukuba unyango lwezonyama. Ukusebenza kunenani elincinci lemiphumo kwaye linika isigulane ithuba elikhulu lobomi obuphilileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwendlela akusoloko kunokwenzeka. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ezinye iindlela zonyango zisetyenzisiwe. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yonyango. Iziganeko ezimbi emva kokuba zibangele ezininzi iingxaki zempilo, kodwa amathuba omzimba wokuphucula aphezulu.

Unyango

Kwakhona kuthiwa yi-radiotherapy. Le ndlela isekelwe ekusebenziseni i -radiation ionizing, eyenza i-tumor kunye nokuzibulala. Ngelishwa, akuzona zonke i-oncogenes ezixhalabele i-irradiation. Ngoko ke, khetha indlela yokwelapha kufuneka ibe emva kokuvavanya nokuhlola konke okusemngciphekweni.

Unyango lwonyango lwamayeza, nangona lusebenza kakuhle, kodwa lunemiphumo emibini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukutshatyalaliswa kwezicubu kunye neeseli eziphilileyo. Izaziso azichaphazeli kuphela i-tumor, kodwa kunye nezitho ezingamelwane. Indlela yokwenza i-radiotherapy imiselwe kwiimeko apho inzuzo kwisigulane iphakamileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemisebe, i-radium, i-cobalt, i-iridium, i-cesium. Amanqanaba emisebe yenziwa ngamanye kwaye axhomekeke kwiimpawu zesisu.

Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lwenziwa njani?

I-Radiotherapy ingenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi:

1. Irradiation kude.

2. Xhumana noxilongo.

3. I-irradiation intracavitary (umthombo we-radioactive ujojowe kwi-organ kunye neoplasm).

4. Irradiation is interstitial (i-radioactive source injected in the tumor itself).

Ukusetyenziswa kwonyango kusetyenziswa:

• Emva kokusebenza (ukususa iindleko ze-oncogenesis);

• Ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa (ukunciphisa i-tumor ngobukhulu);

• Ngexesha lokuphuhliswa kwee-metastases;

• Ukuhlaziya kwakhona kwesi sifo.

Ngaloo ndlela, le ndlela ineenjongo ezintathu:

1. I-Radical - ukususwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-tumor.

2. I-Palliative - ukunciphisa ukukhula ngobukhulu.

3. Isibonakaliso - ukupheliswa kweempawu zentlungu.

Ukunyanga kwamayeza kunceda ukuphilisa amaninzi amaninzi. Ngokunceda unokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomguli. Kananjalo wandise ubomi bakhe, xa ukuphiliswa akunakwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, unyango lwe-radiation yengqondo lunikeza isigulane amandla, kunciphisa intlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu ezingathandekiyo.

Ngubani ochaseneyo?

Njengendlela yokulwa nomhlaza, unyango lwe-radiation alufanelanga wonke umntu. Inqunyelwe kuphela kwiimeko apho inzuzo kwisigulane iphezulu kunobungozi beengxaki. Kuqela elihlukeneyo labantu, i-radiotherapy ngokubanzi iyaphikisana. Ezi ziquka izigulane ezi:

1. Ukubhengeza i-anemia, i-cachexia (ukwehla ngokukhawuleza ngamandla kunye nokunyuka).

2. Kukho izifo zentliziyo, imilambo yegazi.

3. Ulwaphulo olumelana nolwaphulo lwemitha yemiphunga nomhlaza we-pleurisy.

4. Kukho ukungaphumeleli kwezintso, isifo sikashukela.

5. Kukho ukuphuma kwegazi okuxhamene nesisu.

6. Kukho amaninzi amaninzi kunye nokuhluma okunzulu kwizitho kunye nezicubu.

7. Egazini, inani elincinane lama-leukocytes kunye neeplatelets.

8. Ukunyamezela kwimisebe (ukugula kwelanga).

Kwizigulane ezinjalo, ikhosi ye-radiotherapy ithathelwa ezinye iindlela - i-chemotherapy, ukuhlinzwa (ukuba kunokwenzeka).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba abo bavelele kwi-irradiation banokuvalelwa kwimiba emibi. Ekubeni umonakalo wemisebe ye-ionizing hhayi nje kuphela isakhiwo samaseli esifo somhlaza, kodwa kunye namaseli enempilo.

Imiphumo emibi yeyeza

Ulwaphulo lwe-radiation lona lugxininiso oluqineleyo lomzimba olunezinto ezinomsoco. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba le ndlela isebenza kakhulu kumdla wokulwa nomhlaza, inayo yonke imiphumo emibi.

Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo zonyango kwizigulane kuneentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kwezinye iimeko, iziphumo zecala zivela emva kweenkqubo ezininzi, ngelixa abanye bengenalo. Nangona kunjalo, nayiphi na into engamnandi iya kubonakala emva kokuphela kwekhosi ye-radiotherapy.

Imiphumo eqhelekileyo yendlela yile:

• Ubuthathaka, intloko yesisu, isisu, i-chills, umkhuhlane.

• Ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi wesondlo - isicathulo, isifo sohudo, ukugcoba, ukuhlanza.

• Shintsha ekubunjweni kwegazi, kwehla kwiiplatelets kunye neukocytes.

• Ukwanda kwenani leentliziyo.

• I-Edema, isikhumba esomileyo, iindawo ezinokusetyenziswa kwemitha.

• Ukulahleka kweenwele, ukulahlekelwa kwindlebe, umbono.

• Ukulahleka kwegazi elincinci, kuchukunyiswa yintsholongwane yemithambo yegazi.

Oku, malunga neengongoma ezingundoqo. Emva kwe-radiotherapy (ukupheliswa kwexesha elipheleleyo), umsebenzi wezo zonke izitho kunye neenkqubo zibuyiselwa.

Ukutya kunye nokuhlaziywa komzimba emva kwe-irradiation

Ngethuba lokunyanga kwama-tumors, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yeyiphi indlela, kuyimfuneko ukutya ngokufanelekileyo nokulinganisela. Ngoko unako ukuphepha iimpawu ezininzi ezingathandekiyo zesifo (isicupunu kunye nokuhlanza), ingakumbi ukuba kukho ikhosi yeyeza okanye i-chemistry.

Ngoko:

1. Ukutya kufuneka kuthathwe rhoqo kwaye kwiincinci ezincinci.

2. Ukutya kufuneka kube ngohlobo, luzityebi kwaye luqine.

3. Ngexesha elithile, kufuneka unike ukutya okuqulethe ukutya, kunye nokutya, ukutya kunye nokutya.

4. Kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweemveliso zobisi ngenxa yokungahambisani ne-lactose.

5. Iinqwelo zokunxila kunye neziyobisi zinqatshelwe.

6. Ukukhethwa kufuneka kunikwe imifuno kunye neziqhamo ezintsha.

Ukongezelela kwisondlo esifanelekileyo, isigulane kufuneka ihambisane nemimiselo:

1. Ukuphumla okungakumbi, ngokukodwa emva kweenkqubo zoxilongo ngokwabo.

2. Musa ukuthatha ibhafu elitshisayo, ungasebenzisi izipongo ezinzima, izibetho zinozinyo, ukuzenzela.

3. Ixesha elingakumbi lokuchitha emoyeni omtsha.

4. Ukukhokela impilo ephilileyo.

Ukuhlolwa kwezixhobo zonyango kwizigulane kuneentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwayo, unyango oluphumelelayo lomhlaza alukwazi. Ukuthobela imithetho elula, unokuphepha kwimiphumo emibi.

Ziziphi izifo ezichazwe RT?

I-Radiotherapy isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiyeza ukunyanga umdlavuza kunye nezinye izifo. Umthamo we-irradiation kuxhomekeke kwisibandezelo sesi sifo kwaye unokuphulwa kwiiveki okanye ngaphezulu. Iseshoni enye idlulela kwi-1 ukuya kwemizuzu emi-5. Izaziso zisetyenziselwa ukulwa nezicubu ezingenayo i-fluid okanye i-cyst (umdlavuza wesikhumba, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeleko, umhlaza wesifuba nesifuba sesifuba, umdlavuza wengqondo, imiphunga, kunye ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma).

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-radiotherapy imiselwe emva kokusebenza okanye phambi kwayo ukwenzela ukunciphisa i-tumor ngobukhulu, kwaye ibuye ibulale i-resinants of cells cell. Ukongeza kwiimathumba ezibi, izifo ezixhatshazwayo ziphinda ziphathe izifo zesistim, amathambo kunye nabanye. Amanqanaba e-radiation kwiimeko ezinjalo ahluke kwii-oncological doses.

I-radiotherapy ephindaphindiweyo

Irradiation yamaseli omhlaza ihamba kunye ne-irradiation kanye neeseli eziphilileyo. Imiphumo emibi emva kwe RT ayilona nto imnandi. Kakade ke, emva kokukhanselwa kwekhosi emva kwexesha umzimba ubuyiselwe. Nangona kunjalo, xa ifunyenwe umthamo wezaziso, izicubu ezinempilo azikwazi ukuthwala i-irradiation ephindaphindiweyo. Kwimeko yesifo se-tumor, ukusetyenziswa kwe-radiotherapy okwesibini kunokwenzeka kwiimeko eziphuthumayo kunye nakwizinga elisezantsi. Inkqubo imiselwe xa inzuzo kwisigulane idlula ingozi kunye neengxaki zempilo yakhe.

Ukuba ukuchazwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kungqiniswanga, i-oncologist ingabonisa unyango lwe-hormone okanye i-chemotherapy.

Ukunyanga kwamayeza emagqabini aphezulu omhlaza

Indlela ye-radiotherapy isetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-oncogenes kuphela, kodwa nokunyusa ubomi bomguli kwizigaba zokugqibela zomhlaza, kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zesifo.

Xa i-tumor isasazeka kwezinye izicubu kunye nezitho (i-metastasis), ayikho ithuba lokubuyiselwa. Into ehlalayo kuphela ukuwamkela nokulinda "olo suku lomgwebo." Kule meko, i-radiotherapy:

• Iyancipha, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isusa ngokupheleleyo ukuhlaselwa okubuhlungu.

• Iyancipha uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yenzwa, emathanjeni, kugcina amandla.

• Iyanciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwegazi, ukuba kukho.

Ukuchithwa kwe-irradiation kunye ne-metastases kunikwa kuphela kwiindawo zokusasazeka kwazo. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba unyango lwe-radiation lunemiphumo eyahlukileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba isigulane sinokugqithiswa ngokukhawuleza komzimba kwaye akakwazi ukumelana nokunyuka kwamayeza, le ndlela ayenziwanga.

Isiphelo

Isifo esibi kakhulu ngumhlaza. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwesi sifo kukuba akukwazi ukuzibonakalisa nangayiphi na indlela kwiminyaka emininzi kwaye ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zingaphathisa umntu kwisiphumo esibulalayo. Ngoko ke, ngenjongo yokuthintela, kubalulekile ukukhawuleza uhlolisise ngeengcali. Ukufunyaniswa kwesi sifo kwiinqanaba zokuqala kuphelile ngokuphilisa ngokupheleleyo. Enye yeendlela ezichanekileyo zokulwa nomhlaza ngumhlaza wonyango. Imiphumo emibi, nangona ingaba yinto emnandi, nangona kunjalo, yaphela ngokupheleleyo emva kokukhanselwa kwekhosi.