Umhlaza wesifo: unyango ngokuhambelana nezigaba zesifo

I-Cancer yesibindi ibonakala ngokuphuhliswa kwesakhiwo esibi ngaphakathi komzimba ofanayo (isifo sokuqala). Ngokuqhelekileyo imbangela yalo mhlaza i-metastases, umthombo wayo ngumhlaza, uhlala kwenye indawo (isondo sekondari).

Amanqanaba (i-degrees) yomhlaza wesibindi  

Isigaba somhlaza wesibindi sichazwe ubungakanani besisu, isantya sokubandakanyeka kwee-lymph nodes kunye nobukho kunye nemilinganiselo ye-metastase isasazeka kwezinye izitho. Ngoko, kukho izigaba ezine zesifo somhlaza wesibindi.

1. Ukuphuhliswa kokuqala kwesikhumba. I-prognosis evumelekileyo, enokuthi ithole ukubuyiswa okupheleleyo, inikwe unyango lwangokokuqala. Esinye isisu. Akukho ziphumo zokuhlaziya. Izilonda ze- lymph nodes azikho.
2. Esinye isisu esininzi okanye ezincinci ezincinci. Ukuhluma kwiimitha zegazi. Akukho zilonda ze-lymph nodes kunye ne-metastases kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
3. Isisu esikhulu ngaphakathi kwesibindi. Ukuhluma kwiinqanawa ezinkulu zesibindi: i-hepatic or portal vein. I-metastase kwi-peritoneum okanye kwizitho eziseduze, kunye ne-lymph nodes.
4. I-lesion yesibindi esinomkhuhlane. I-Mestastasis kwii-lymph nodes kunye nendawo enye. Umbono awubi. Ukwelashwa kwe-Palliative (inkxaso).

Unyango lomhlaza wesibindi  

Indlela ephambili yokuphatha umdlavuza wesibindi kwiinqanaba zokuqala ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, izinga lokusinda iminyaka emi-5 alidluli kwi-6%, kuba umdlavuza wesibindi ubonakala ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngako oko, ukuphucula ukuhlaziya, indlela yokugqirha idibene ne-chemotherapy okanye i-radiotherapy, echazwe yimpawu zomntu ngamnye. Uluhlu oluthile lwenyango lunokuba nokufakelwa kwesibindi, ngakumbi xa i-tumor ikhula ibe yiinqanawa ezinkulu okanye i-bile ducts. Kuza kube yimhla, le ndlela iphumelele kakhulu.

Kwinqanaba lexesha elizayo, ukungenelelo kokungacwangciswanga akunakuncedo, ekubeni i-metastase ivela. Emva koko i-tumor ichaphazeleka ngeendlela ezininzi, ngaphandle kokukususa, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa nokunciphisa ukukhula. Ezi ndlela ziquka:

• Ukukhishwa kwee-radiofrequency, esebenzisa i-frequency frequency current to destroy the tumor;
• Ukwethulwa kotywala;
• Umphumo we-microwave;
• Indlela ye-Cryosurgical (ukutshatyalaliswa kweendlela ezinkulu ze-tumor).

Zininzi iindlela zokwelapha i-radiation ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga umdlavuza wesibindi. Ukuqheliswa kwe-tumor eyenziwe ngumgqomo we-proton kuxhaphake. Ulwaphulo lwe-proton-bram luquka ekudalweni kwe-proton beam, ejoliswe kwi-tumor, ngenxa yoko kuphela izicubu ezonakalisiweyo zonakalisiweyo, kwaye izicubu ezinempilo azichaphazeli.

Kwonyango lomhlaza wesibindi, i- radiothebolysis iqhutyelwa. Kwinkqubo yale nkqubo, iifomsules ene-radioactive substance-yttrium-90 ifakwa kwiinqanawa ezondla i-tumor. Ngenxa yoko, iifomsules zingena kwi-tumor. Ukwakheka kwe-tumor kulungiswe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kweeyure ezingama-64.

Enye indlela yesimanje yokuphatha umdlavuza wesibindi kuthiwa yiCyberknife . Inkqubo yekhompyutheni inquma umzila wokuxilisa. Ikhompyutheni iphinda ilawule inkqubo ngokubanzi. Le ndlela ilungile (ukuya kwi-0.5 mm).

I-Chemotherapy enye indlela yokwelapha umdlavuza wesibindi. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-chemotherapy:

I-Chemoembolization , apho i-agent ye-chemotherapeutic kwi-microcapsule okanye isisombululo samanzi ifakwe kwisitya esinika isilonda somzimba;

I-Chemoinfusion , ebandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwecatheter ukulawula isisombululo esinomsoco we-agent ye-chemotherapeutic;

Ukunyuka kweekhemikhali , apho ikhemikhali ihanjiswa ngqo kwi-tumor.

Umhlaza wesifo, njengawo nawuphi na isifo esibi, usongela ubomi bomguli. Ngoko ke, ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kubaluleke kakhulu, okuyiyo eyenza isigulane sisinde. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukugxekwa kwesi sifo kunokuthandwa kuphela kwizigaba zokuqala zophuhliso.