Ukubunjwa, Indaba

German itanki T-4: iimpawu yokusebenza

Akukho namnye kwi "Krupp" ngo-1936 ukuba baye bacinga ukuba lo matshini esikhulu, zixhotyiswe nge-umpu omfutshane nomkhosi inkxaso, kwaye kuthathwa njenge oluncedisayo, kuya nje ngokubanzi asetyenziswe umkhosi waseJamani. Kunye nokuphela kwako iiyunithi 9000 uye waba itanki inkulu, kukhupho ngonaphakade eJamani, imveliso apho, nangona isilela izinto lenyuka ukuya kwimihla yokugqibela kakhulu kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II eYurophu.

Hackney Wehrmacht

Nangona ukuba kukho izithuthi zomkhosi, mihla ngaphezu kokuba itanki German T-4 - "uTiger", "Panther" yaye "uKumkani Tiger", akayi kuphela uninzi Wehrmacht, kodwa ibe yinxalenye kumacandelo amaninzi elite SS. Iresiphi for impumelelo mhlawumbi ilele igobhogobho ezinkulu uqoqo, lula ulondolozo, ukuthembeka kunye semoto irobust ezongeziweyo, nto leyo yandisa uluhlu ngezikhali, xa kuthelekiswa ne-Panzer III. Ekubeni imodeli A ku F1 ulungiso yokuqala, sebenzisa mfutshane umphanda 75mm ngokuthe sathathelwa indawo 'ixesha elide', kunye F2 H, kunye esebenza kakhulu-high speed gun ilifa Pak 40 apho unako ukumelana KV-1 Soviet ne T -34. Ekugqibeleni, itanki German T-4 (ifoto thaca kweli nqaku) ngokupheleleyo yiPaul Panzer III njengoko inkulu, yaye izakhono zawo.

Uyilo kwase "Krupp"

Ekuqaleni bekucingelwa ukuba itanki waseJamani T-4, iimpawu zobugcisa apho kuchazwe 1934 vaffenamtom, uya kukhonza njengoko "ampheleke isithuthi" ukufihla indima yalo kunjalo kumabinzana akuvumelekanga ukuba Versailles iSivumelwano.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphuhliso lwengqiqo wathabatha Haynts Guderian. Le ndlela intsha yayiza kuba itanki kwenkxaso nomkhosi mazifakwe ngasemva amaqela etankini. Kwacetywa ukuba kwinqanaba nomkhosi, enye imoto kumele awe zonke ezintathu Panzer III. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, T-3, baxhotyiswa enye 37mm standard Pak umpu 36 ezineempawu elungileyo anti, a howitzer isiqu elifutshane Panzer IV iza kusetyenziswa nxamnye nazo zonke iintlobo iinqaba, blockhouses, komhlaba, imipu anti-itanki kunye nezikhundla zokudubula.

Ekuqaleni, lo umda ubunzima alwayo moto neetoni ezingama-24. inkampani MAN, Krupp kunye Rheinmetall-Borsig wakha AMAGQABAZA ▸ ezintathu Krupp waphumelela ikhontrakthi engundoqo. Ukumiswa kwakhe kuqala entsha ngokupheleleyo, kunye namavili ezintandathu alternating. Kamva, umkhosi efuna ukufaka yasentwasahlobo core, inika kutenxa engcono nkqo. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yangaphambili, oko kwenze inkqubela ngakumbi kakuhle, kodwa imfuneko kwitanki entsha ukumisa uphuhliso ngakumbi. Krupp iye yabuyela inkqubo ngakumbi yemveli abane iilori ivili ezimbini kunye nemithombo igqabi, yesondlo lula. I icetyelwe crew ezintlanu - omathathu kwinqaba (ngqwayi, gunner kunye umlayishi) kunye umqhubi kunye nomsebenzisi radio - kule meko. Eli gumbi ekulweni ibe banzi kakhulu, kunye oluphuculweyo diff injini gumbi soundproofing. German itanki T-4 (a ifoto zokufunda ezizotyiweyo) ifakwe nenkqubo kwi-kwibhodi zonxibelelwano kunye nonomathotholo.

Nangona kakhulu, kodwa umzimba azilingani Panzer IV, nasenqabeni ishenxiselwe yi 6.5 cm ukuya ekhohlo, kwaye injini - 15 cm ukuya ekunene. Oku kwenziwa ukuze ukudibanisa ngqo ngekhonkco kwi ezinde isilumkiso ngokukhawuleza ukuwuvala. Iibhokisi emthethweni ngaloo ndlela ibekwe ekunene.

Kwase, yaza yakhiwa ngo-1936 kwi-mveliso Krupp AG yaseMagdeburg, yakhethwa Waffenamt indlela Versuchskraftfahrzeug 622. Noko ke, kule pre-imfazwe nokuhlelwa kweendawo ezintsha wakhawuleza waba Pz.Kpfw.IV (Sd.Kfz. 161).

Itanki waba ipetroli injini Maybach HL108TR umthamo Iilitha ezingama-250. s., kwaye ibhokisi 75 c SGR ezintlanu phambili nezixhobo enye umva. Kwesona santya siphezulu endaweni ethe tyaba uvavanyo 31 km / h.

75 mm kunaso - isantya ephantsi Kampfwagenkanone (KwK) 37 L / 24. Kuyinto sisixhobo elungiselelwe ukudubula oonokrwece edubulayo xa of basezinqabeni eziphathekayo. Kodwa enesiphiwo ukunikezela i anti-lihlaba Panzergranate projectile, isantya ogama 440 m / s. Isenokuba ingangena 43 mm sheet ngentsimbi kumgama 700 m. Umpu ezimbini MG-34 yapheliswa iingalo, omnye yafakwa omnye phambi matshini.

Itanki nebhetshi yokuqala uhlobo A zokuzikhusela ubukhulu ayidluli 15 mm nenqaba - 20 mm. Nangona kuye lukhuni intsimbi, ukhuseleko loo nako ukumthintela handguns kuphela, zokudubula ukukhanya namaqhekeza sokuqhumisa.

Ekuqaleni "elifutshane" pre-series

itanki German T-4 A uhlobo pre-uthotho iiyunithi 35 eveliswa 1936 Elandelayo yaba Ausf. B kancincane lokuyalela udaka injini entsha Maybach HL 120TR, ukuphuhlisa umthamo iilitha 300. a., ngokunjalo SSG75 ezintsha zothumelo.

Nangona ubunzima extra, isantya esiphezulu landile ukuya 39 km / h, kunye nokukhuselwa luye lwaqiniswa. isikrweqe ubukhulu zafikelela-30 mm phambi lwenxalenye yezindlu liyayithanda ne-15 mm kwenye indawo. Ukongeza, umpu umatshini lowo olukhuselwa yi-kuleyo entsha.

Emva kokukhululwa koomatshini yemveliso 42 watshintshela kwitanki German T-4 C. Ububanzi sikrweqe kwi uqoqo landile ukuya ku-30 mm. Ubunzima iyonke yaba etoni 18.15. Emva kokuba unikezelo kweeyunithi-40 ngo-1938, itanki kuye kwaphuculwa yi lofakelo injini entsha Maybach HL 120TRM ukuba iinqwelo angamakhulu elandelayo. Ngoko kusengqiqweni ukuba ukuguqulwa ezakulandelwa D. «Dora" zingahlukaniswa ngoombayimbayi kumatshini esanda efakwe umzimba Uzalathise embrasure. Ububanzi isikrweqe kwicala landile ukuya ku-20 mm. Xa zizonke cars 243 kule modeli zaye zaveliswa, nabokugqibela apho - in 1940 ekuqaleni. Ukuguqulwa D yaba yokugqibela pre-production, emva koko umyalelo igqibe ukwakha isikali.

komgangatho

itanki German T-4 yaba omkhulu E series yokuqala, olwaqala ukuvelisa ngexesha lemfazwe. Nangona izifundo ezininzi kunye neengxelo ucebise ukungabikho wajula ngamandla umpu 37-mm Panzer III, indawo yakhe Yayingekho. In search of isisombululo uvavanyo phezu prototype ye Panzer IV Ausf. Ukuguqulwa D Kwabekwa isantya medium-50 mm gun Pak 38. umyalelo wokuqala iiyunithi 80 bekuyekisiwe emva phulo French. Iimfazwe Itanki, ingakumbi, kuyidlala nee-British "Matilda" yaye "bis B1" French, ekugqibeleni kwacaca ukuba sikrweqe ububanzi asanelanga, kwaye ezendeleyo amandla na umpu buthathaka. I Ausf. E washiya gun barreled KwK 37L / 24, kodwa ke ububanzi isikrweqe ngaphambili yanyuswa kwi-50 mm, ne-30 mm ipleyiti sentsimbi lining, njengenyathelo lexeshana. Ngo-Epreli 1941, xa lo ukulungiswa kubekwa Ausf. F, imveliso kwawo kwafikelela iiyunithi 280.

Last imodeli "short"

Enye ukuguqulwa zatshintsha kakhulu itanki T-4 German. Iinkcukacha imodeli yokuqala F, F1 ulinike igama kwakhona xa elandelayo iguqulwe ngenxa replacement bomphambili cover ipleyiti-mm 50 ipleyiti ububanzi nokwandisa iindawo zisecaleni igobhogobho kunye uqoqo ku-30 mm. Ubunzima iyonke itanki lenyuka ukuya kwiitoni ngaphezulu kwe-22, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ezinye utshintsho, ezifana ukunyusa ububanzi track mm 380 ukuya kuma-400 ukwenzela ukuba kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo emhlabeni kunye utshintsho olungqamelanayo kwi kwempixano kwaye namavili uqhuba. F1 senziwa isixa kweeyunithi 464 endaweni kwayo ngoMatshi 1942

Eyokuqala 'ubude'

Nkqu ngezakhe-lihlaba projectile Panzergranate Panzer IV ezisezantsi-Velocity gun akakwazanga ukumelana neetanki kakuhle vehicles. Kwimeko kweli phulo ezayo i-USSR oko kwakufuneka isigqibo malunga nokuphuculwa engundoqo T-3. Ngaba isixhobo ngoku iyafumaneka Pak 38L / 60, ogama ukusebenza siqinisekiswe, ezilungiselelwe ufakelo kwinqaba Panzer IV. NgoNovemba 1941, kwase wagqitywa, yaye Icetywe ukuvelisa. Kodwa amadabi lokuqala KV-1 eSoviet ne T-34 imipu imveliso 50mm, njengoko esetyenziswa Panzer III, kwayekwa bekekhetha entsha, enamandla ngaphezu inkampani Rheinmetall model imipu ukuvuleka esekelwe 75 mm Pak 40L / 46. Oku kwakhokelela KwK 40L / 43, gqitha elide-ukuvuleka exhotyiswe kusisithintelo isicheme, leyo kwanciphisa imbuyekezo. Le Velocity yokuqala projectile Panzergranade 39 ngaphaya 990 m / s. Waba ingangena 77 mm isikrweqe kumgama ukuya ku-1850 leemitha. Ukususela ekusekweni kwalo ngoFebruwari 1942, kwase yokuqala imveliso lothotho inani F2. Ngu Julayi iiyunithi 175 zaye zaveliswa. NgoJuni itanki German T-4 F2 sathiywa kwi-T-4 G, kodwa zombini iindidi vaffenamta kummisela Sd.Kfz.161 / 1. Kwezinye amaxwebhu, umfuziselo ebizwa F2 / G.

imodeli yenguqu

itanki German T-4, G i ngobuwena oluphuculiweyo kunye notshintsho F2 ephathelele imali metal ngokusebenzisa ngokungqalileyo isikrweqe ngcembe anquma esisekweni. glacis Frontal iye ziyanyuswa imbasa entsha mm-30, esinobukhulu iyonke landile ukuya 80 mm. Oko kwanele ukuba inkcaso ngempumelelo eSoviet-76 mm gun ze-76.2 mm gun anti-itanki. Ekuqaleni siye sagqiba ukuzisa lo mgangatho kuphela isiqingatha zemveliso, kodwa ngoJanuwari 1943, Adolf Hitler ngokwakhe wayalela inguqu epheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima umatshini lanyuka ukuya kwiitoni 23.6, etyhila uxhotyiso olunyiniweyo kwisisu semoto kunye powertrain.

German itanki T 4 ngaphakathi ukufumene utshintsho olubalulekileyo. peepholes Tower sisusiwe, le ucinezelo injini umoya kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi iyaphuculwa, enye iseti olongezelelweyo abanini ivili spare kwaye yamasango lengoma links glacis. Baya bakhonza kwakhona ukhuselo yexeshana. Alungiswa izibane, kwenziwa ukomeleza nenguqulo cupola.

Kwiinguqulelo kamva, thende 1943 kwakukho sikrweqe nangapha igobhogobho kunye uqoqo, kunye umsi izindululi sokuqhumisa. Ke okona kubalulekileyo, kwakukho umpu entsha, enamandla ngaphezu KwK 40L / 48. Emva kokukhululwa ka-1275 standard kunye 412 kunyuswa imveliso lamatanki yasiwa ngayo imodeli Ausf.H.

Uhlobo olunje

German itanki T-4 H (photo thaca ngezantsi) baxhotyiswe umpu omtsha elide-barreled KwK 40L / 48. Eminye utshintsho ezichaphazelekayo lula kwimveliso - ziye isusiwe phezu peepholes ebhodini, sebenzisa iindawo ezifanayo kunye Panzer III. Xa iyonke, kude kube ukuguqulwa Ausf elandelayo. J ngoJuni 1944 ziqokelelwe oomatshini 3774.

NgoDisemba 1942, "Krupp" lifumene umyalelo itanki ngokupheleleyo isikrweqe luthi, ngenxa ubunzima eyongezelelweyo efunekayo uphuhliso isisu semoto entsha, ukudluliselwa mhlawumbi injini. Noko ke, imveliso waqala ngamaxwebhu ahlaziyiweyo Ausf.G. itanki German T-4 ufumene gearbox entsha uyifuna Zahnradfabrik SSG-76, iqela elitsha lezikhululo zosasazo (FU2 no-5, kunye nonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi). Ububanzi isikrweqe ngokungqalileyo landile ukuya 80 mm ngaphandle phezulu sheets. ubunzima H zafikelela 25 zokunqanda nezixhobo, kwaye isantya esiphezulu yehle ku-38 km / h, yaye kwiimeko kanye lupwa - up to 25 km / h, yaye ngaphantsi kakhulu ezimbi zomhlaba. Ekupheleni kuka-1943, itanki German T-4 H zaza zagutyungelwa kunye paste "Zimmer", zaphuculwa izihluzi umoya, nasenqabeni yayifakwe umatshini anti-moya MG 34.

imodeli Last lula

Ophelileyo Tank, German T-4 J, behamba Nibelungwerke e St. Valentin, Austria, njengoko Vomag kunye Krupp ngoku enze neminye imisebenzi, yaye yathotyelwa lula, sigxile kakhulu kwimveliso mass yaye kunqabile ukuba iyaxhaswa yi amabutho. Umzekelo, nenqaba yombane isusiwe, sokulinganisa yenziwe ngesandla, okunyuke ukuya 200 kwitanki eelitha zamafutha, ezahlukene yokusebenza km ukuya ku-300. Ezinye iinguqulelo zibandakanya kususwe inqaba ende window ukubukela, kwaye anti-moya eziziimpazamo ezikhoyo umatshini obuxhasa ilungisa ephoswa umsi. "Zimmer" ayisa isetyenziswa protivokumulyativnymi «isondo lengubo» Schürzen, indawo kunye iiphaneli umnatha enganeno. Izindlu ye radiator injini nayo lula. Drive walahlekelwa mqengqeleki enye umva. Kwakukho nezigqubuthelo ezimbini kunye arresters idangatye, kwakunye entabeni for nendwe ngetoni-2. Ukongeza, ukosuleleka SSG 77 esetyenziswa yi Panzer III, nakuba igcwele kakhulu ngokucacileyo. Nangona le mibingelelo, ngenxa iziqhushumbisi rhoqo zokuxhasa eManyeneyo sahlutshwa, yaye ezingama lamatanki 2970 kuphela zakhiwa phambi kokuphela kukaMatshi 1945 ukususela 5000 ezicwangcisiweyo.

kokulungiswa

Jagdpanzer IV - mhlawumbi itanki kakuhle kwaye kakhulu Woyikekayo ezindumisweni thotho T-4, umzingeli eliphantsi kakuhle kakhulu, ngokukodwa bazive bekhululekile e-Italy kunye eNormandy. Ngowe-1943, iiyunithi 1980 kwakhiwa.
Sturmgeschütz IV - Ukubetha Tank sele superstructure eqinisekisiwe kwaye kwezikhali Sturmgeschütz III. Yenziwe ngezimoto 1140.
Panzerbefehlswagen IV - iposi umyalelo, mayixhotyiswe uluhlu lwamajelo osasazo, isethi epheleleyo elektroniki kunye nokufakelwa. Isetyenziswa ukulungelelanisa inkxaso zokudubula, nomkhosi kunye nenkxaso emoyeni ngoba kunokwahlukana vehicles. Enkulu kwaye ithembekile - oku mhlawumbi yeyona German itanki kakuhle umyalelo emkhosini.
Panzerbeobachtungswagen IV - isithuthi kakuhle oxhobele lokuqaphela zokudubula, kunye Wespe kunye Hummel imipu self-ngokwaso.
Sturmpanzer IV Brummbär - enye onomtsalane German ACS 150 mm gun, owaba kwase ngokuyila Heuschrecke kunye Dicker Max.
Flakpanzer IV Möbelwagen - waba inkxaso ukuziphendulela emoyeni omnye umpu 37-mm. It lwaqhutywa kwi (iiyunithi 240) 1944-45 ukuze kubuyekezelwe ilahleko ubukhulu emoyeni.
Flakpanzer IV Wirbelwind - ithetha VOP zixhotyiswe chetyrehstvolnym ultra-ngokufanelekileyo 20mm Flakvierling. Iveliswe iiyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-100. Omnye iiyunithi 66, baxhotyiswa ne-37 mm kunaso okubizwa Ostwind.
Geschützwagen III / IV Hummel - ACS isisu semoto Panzer IV kunye necandelo Panzer III. Yavelisa iiyunithi ezingaphezulu kwama-666, omnye imipu self-ngokwaso German iyimpumelelo lonke ixesha.
Panzerjager III / IV Nashorn - itanki umlweli nempumelelo kakhulu axhotyiswe edume umpu 88 mm. Kubiza ngaphantsi kwe "Tiger". Iveliswe iimoto 473.
Geschützwagen III / IV Schlepper - zavelisa iiyunithi 150 kunye lungiselelo.
Bergepanzer IV - isithuthi recovery vehicles German, enamandla ngaphezu kwinguqulelo esekelwe Panzer III. Ambalwa nazo ziveliswa kwaye eziphila Panzerfahre Landwasserschlepper.
Bruckenleger IV - usungule kwebhulorho. ubude ibhulorho m. Umthuthi iiyunithi 56 24.