Volgograd waye igama ngaphambili? Imbali emfutshane komzi

Esi sixeko, nto leyo eye wadlala indima enkulu ebalulekileyo kwimbali Russia namhlanje - a sixeko elinabemi abemi abangaphezulu kwesigidi. Eli nqaku liza kukunceda ukuba wenze kuphambuko kwimbali umzi uze uphendule umbuzo indlela eyayisaziwa ngokuba Volgograd. Nakule lonke ikhona, itshintshe igama layo kabini.

Njani i Volgograd

Yintoni igama ngaphambili, kwaye kuphuhliswa njani na umzi? Yasungulwa ngenkulungwane ye-16 emva kwexesha, kodwa abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba le ndawo khona ixesha elide, ngemihla ka Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe. Kunye Samara kunye Saratov, Tsaritsyn isixeko esakhiwa njengenqaba ikampu Cossacks zomkhosi warlord wengingqi Grigoriem Zasekinym ngokuyalelwa Ivana Groznogo emva kokoyiswa ubukumkani Astrakhan impangele. Lo mmandla yaba urhwebo esebenzayo kunye imimandla lweCaspian, ngoko kukho imfuno engxamisekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lamaKanan, imali Iqhutywa kwaye impahla yorhwebo iVolga indlela, ukususela ukudliwa Nomad. Le nqaba lilindwe Abatoli emsebenzini ubusuku nemini, abathi iimboniselo waphakamisa alarm ikampu.

uphuhliso emzini

Volgograd waye igama ngaphambili, kude 1925? Kude kube lelo xesha kwathiwa Tsaritsyn. Ngokukhawuleza isixeko asakhasayo baqala emva kokuya kwi ibhanki lasekunene enkulu lomlambo Russian iVolga, emva uloyiso lokugqibela phezu ingxokolo zasendle. abemi sayo sahlukile edlamkileyo izama, ngoko zokuhlala amabutho kwi kummandla ongaphandle Tsarina karhulumente wathabatha ngokukhawuleza isixeko azenza merchant. Kodwa eminyaka imbali yalo ibizwa ngokuba edume Tsaritsyn "Ponizova libertines", njengoko kwi iVolga Lower esiya elabalekayo amakhoboka kunye nabalimi kulo lonke eRashiya. Kwimbali walondoloza amagama amaqhawe eziziingangamsha, alwela abantu simahla yokuhlala - Stepan Razin, Kondrat Bulavin, Emelyan Pugachev.

Njengoko igama layo Volgograd

Yintoni igama osetyenziswayo mzi yaye yintoni na ke imbali ngalinye igama layo - akazi yonke into. Abo engenamandla kwimbali, siqinisekile ukuba Tsaritsyn igama imbeko uKumkanikazi uCatherine Omkhulu. Le Uqikelelo engachanekanga, nangona kukho iinguqu yakhe uzkovoennogo iindawo esixekweni likhula ngokukhawuleza. Igama kwaqala enkosi ichwetyana oluncinane Queen, ukusuka apho kwakukho imithombo nje ezimbalwa. Kodwa amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo, umjelo umlambo ngokupheleleyo, kwaye ithwalwa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza amanzi lwakhe udongwe lube iVolga. Kuba umbala Mongol-AmaTatar wabizwa ngokuba umlambo zo-Su, gama elo elithetha "amanzi yellow". Kamva kulo igama kwasephakadeni, abantu abevanga, njengoko ukumkanikazi, kungoko igama laloo mzi.

Ukukhankanywa yokuqala inqaba Tsaritsyn zinxulumene 1589, ngoko ukususela kulo mhla kuthathwa igosa, yaye naye uba imbali Volgograd. yaba igama Yintoni phambi komzi, yaye apho wenza igama lokuqala, ngoku uyazi.

kwenkulungwane yama-20

Ngemihla -Oktobha Revolution kunye War Civil, isixeko ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, ze umlo phakathi oluBomvu kunye imikhosi White. Baye nabalindi white nisithimbile isixeko, kujongwana ngokuqatha kakhulu yathinjwa nabalwi red - bagawula ngamakrele. umonakalo omkhulu kwabangelwa kwidolophu: zokuhlala, izakhiwo zenkcubeko-zasekhaya yadilizwa emhlabeni, ubonelelo phantsi kurhoxiswa amanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo, namandla mveliso phantse batshatyalaliswe. Oku kwalandelwa ngokubuyiselwa umzi. Okokuqala Edreyi shishini: Steel, maplanga, izityalo iinkuni inkqubo, emva kokuba umgca emisiweyo hosiery anganithi kunye nesambatho mveliso, yakhiwe kwaye laqalisa yokudla.

igama lesibini

Njengoko ngaphambili ngokuba Volgograd (1925-1961)? Ngowe-1925 le dolophu walitshintsha igama layo ku Tsarina Stalingrad. Kakade ke, lo ukuthiya ngokutsha lu dityanisiwe Stalin, owathi ngo-1922 yaba kuNobhala Jikelele we-Communist Party. Kweli nqanaba, lo mzi waba 112 amawaka abantu, yayinguye indawo elinethoba ngokwemigaqo yabantu phakathi ya le Rhaxiya. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva sele 140.000 yabantu yaba, nto leyo umfutho lokwakha yokuhlala grand.

Kwixesha elizayo, umzi, ngathi ilizwe liphela, ukuphuhlisa bejonge mveliso. kuqala kweli lizwe yayakhiwe itrektara mveliso, yaye "Red Oktobha" - sisityalo metallurgical - baqalisa ukuvelisa intsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

impi

empini kodwa wanqkonqkoza emhlabeni phantsi kweenyawo zonke axhatshazwe. Ukususela kwimihla yayo yokuqala Stalingrad yaba yokugcina likhulu kumzantsi-mpuma weRashiya. kakuhle mveliso eziveliswe walilungisa amatanki, iinqanawa, oomatshini. Kwisahlulo wesixeko umkhosi wamajoni yesizwe kwasekwa kwaye ithathele ezisibhozo. Ufike zobukhulu enkulu zokwakha ukuzithethelela. imizila kaloliwe zazakhiwe, wadlala indima enkulu yokubonelela i-mkhosi. Ukususela ngo-1942, ngo-Stalingrad kubonakala rhoqo imikhosi ukuhlaselwa lutshaba wokhuselo yasekuhlaleni.

City wayesebenza walwa ukulaya abahlaseli ngokungenalusini karhulumente, ukukrazula off izicwangciso kaHitler. umyalelo utshaba wathumela Stalingrad imikhosi yazo uyakhetha. Ukuba waphumelela ukusebenza zikiso iphawulekayo umkhosi, oko kutshintsha kakhulu ikhondo edabini. Kodwa Stalingrad nenkani Ukuhlasela, uxhathiso yakhe yobuqhawe umkhosi Soviet ukuba kuyiwe kwinqanaba lohlaselo. Oyise utshaba, nomkhosi wadala iimeko utshintsho olukhulu ikhondo imfazwe. Ekuveleni utshaba Stalingrad akazange kuphela wayeka, kodwa kwakhona kutyunyuzwa emzimbeni nasengqondweni.

complex Memorial

Idabi edume of Stalingrad wasala ngasemva, sijike isixeko amanxuwa. Xa kukhunjulwa kulo mlo, zakhiwe lenkumbulo edumileyo Mamayev Kurgan ukuya lesikhumbuzo ihlabathi odumileyo "The Calls looMawokhulu!", Baba luphawu lo mzi. Yena alandelelanayo iminyaka esithoba, ukuphakama kwayo - 55 eemitha, ubunzima - kweetoni 8,000, kwisakhiwo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo asixhenxe eRashiya. Le lesikhumbuzo olubonakalayo kuzo zonke iindawo esixekweni.

Njengoko wayesaziwa ngaphambili Volgograd? 1961 yathwala igama libhongo Stalingrad, kodwa, nangona ukubaluleka yembali igama, abasemagunyeni zelizwe baye bagqiba ekubeni ukuthiya esi sixeko, wamnika isihloko sesithathu - Volgograd, ngenxa kwindawo ngokwejografi. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, le mbono wafakwa phambili ukuze ukujongana ukunqulwa ubuntu Stalin kaThixo.

Ngoko wadibana yimbali emfutshane yesixeko kwaye ngoku ukuphendula nayiphi na imibuzo malunga nendlela eyayisaziwa ngokuba kwisixeko Volgograd.