IMimiselo Jikelele: isakhiwo, uhlobo kunye nexabiso

Ngophuhliso kunye nokomelezwa ngurhulumente yoBukhosi Russian, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuseka isakhiwo solawulo ecacileyo, nto leyo lusekelwe ofisi kwimigaqo iyunifomu. UPeter Omkhulu njengoko ukumkani-wenguquko nje ayikwazanga ukwenza uxwebhu enjalo, njengoko UmMiselo Jikelele.

Njengoko olu xwebhu lwenziwa?

A ethile inkqubo karhulumente, Kakade ke, wabakho ngaphambi kokuba ukuqaliswa iMimiselo Jikelele isiphumo. Njengoko kuchaziwe kwimithombo emininzi, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, i-uBukhosi Russian eyayikho ibhodi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo nkqubo karhulumente. Ingxaki yayikukuba igunya akazange ngokucacileyo amagosa karhulumente ezi maqumrhu aye aqatshelwa.

imithetho jikelele Peter 1 ngokusekelwe kwimigaqo lombutho kwamandla karhulumente, nto leyo idala phambili ngelo xesha eYurophu. Umzekelo, eSweden ngo-1718 ukuba kwamkelwa lo Mqulu, wakhonza njengomzekelo uPeter. Kodwa ngokuzenzekelayo alungise imithetho ye-Swedish phantsi Russian ukumkani ubomi bengasenabuganga, ngoko Juni 11 wawiswa na ngo 1718, ngokutsho apho kuyimfuneko ukuthelekisa imilinganiselo ye-ofisi Swedish kwaba kunye nomthetho Russian kuyo yonke imiba yolawulo. Lo msebenzi wavuka 3 eziphambili ibhodi: Chambers-ibhodi, ulawulo wamajoni uphicotho-bhodi. Ngowe-1719, uxwebhu idrafti wayekulungele. Phambi kokuba phezu utyikityo yoMlawuli, iprojekthi yavunywa yi Yeengwevu. Eli nyathelo ekwenzeni uxwebhu kubalulekile uBukhosi Russian ligqithise ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ngokutyikitya kakumkani kunye, ngenxa yoko, ukufumana imikhosi zomthetho koqiniso engaqhelekanga. Ukumkani wasayina kuphela konyaka emva kokwamkelwa kweso Yeengwevu.

ukwakhiwa koxwebhu

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isakhiwo kunye kakuhle imithetho ebekwe phantsi kwisicatshulwa ezingummiselo, ngokuhambelana kakuhle ngelo xesha umthetho. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yalo mbhalo yaba sandulela, nto leyo ithi izizathu kunye nemingeni ekufuneka isonjululwe ngenxa emva kokwamkelwa kwale xwebhu. IMimiselo Jikelele 1720 iqulethe izahluko 56, ezibe zimjikelezile ngobukhulu efanayo. Okubhaliweyo kwesahluko ngasinye ibithwele kakhulu intsingiselo elikhulu, iye ngqo kakhulu kwaye ngokucacileyo kusonjululwa koyena mba, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kulawulo lukarhulumente.

UMmiselo jikelele neenjongo zayo

Njengoko sele sibonile kwintshayelelo kuye kwaphawulwa iingxaki ezithile ekufuneka isonjululwe Ulwamkelo xwebhu. Nalu uluhlu lwe le mibuzo:

• a ecacileyo ulawulo yoluntu imicimbi;
• systematization kwingeniso karhulumente;
• umsebenzi ngobuchule leenkundla kunye namapolisa Russian;
• ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo abantu umthetho.

Indlela ukuqonda kakuhle le misebenzi? Oko ngexesha lokulawula kaPetros eRashiya waba urhulumente mihla. Emva kokuba etyelele eYurophu, ukumkani waqonda ukuba ulawulo loluntu - na ityala apho kufuneka ukucaca umyalelo. Ukuzinza kulawulo kweli lizwe kufuneka ukwazi amandla zonke iinkqubo ezithi zenzeke eluntwini, ukuze uphephe esasingayilindelanga.

Umongo izibonelelo ezingundoqo ngokoMmiselo

Isahluko 1 sele uqinisekile ukuba onke amalungu iibhodi kufuneka Inaugural athathe isifungo sokunyaniseka kurhulumente. Imithetho ye kwiSahluko 2 waseka mini-ezintandathu ngeveki. Kwakhona reglamentirvalas ixesha suku ngalunye. Ukuba ilungu lebhodi ishiya emsebenzini iyure phambi kokuphela kosuku, yena ububandezwayo yomvuzo wakhe kuloo veki. Ndizilandile nje umyalelo iibhodi yentsebenziswano, njengoko eyona oogunyaziwe kunye iNdlu Yeengwevu (igunya lowiso-mthetho). UMongameli College zonke ngoLwesine weza seshoni yeeNgwevu, leyo ingxelo ngomsebenzi waza wafumana umsebenzi.

Njani le ntlanganiso? protocol efunekayo lwenziwa, leyo wathi yonke imibuzo kunye neengcebiso IBHODI ingqalelo. Ukugcina imizuzu izivumelwano kwentlawulo. Umgaqo collegiality ekwenzeni izigqibo kubandakanya phambi kwintlanganiso webhodi zonke okanye isininzi samalungu.

Ikholeji naye uqhagamshelwano kunye namaqumrhu abakulo mmandla. UmMiselo Jikelele (unyaka emva kokwamkelwa ka 1720) evunyiweyo bezoplatnoy imbalelwano lokuposa ukusuka ebhodini ukuya ukujongana governorates kunye namaphondo, kwakunye kwicala elahlukileyo. Enye uqhagamshelwano phakathi abasemagunyeni esembindini asekuhlaleni ngexesha ayikwazanga, ngokuba wavela nkqu ifowuni ekuyeni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19.

Songeza ukuba uxwebhu sithetha malunga amagunya izikhundla ezahlukeneyo iiplanga zekhefu odolo nokuvunywa kunye nemithetho delovodstva kurhulumente.

isiphelo

imithetho jikelele - yinto documentary ebalulekileyo yembali kwiinkulungwane Russia 18-19. Waphelelwa amandla ezisemthethweni ngo-1833 emva kokuba ukwamkelwa iMithetho yoBukhosi baseRashiya.