Tank isiJamani. kumatanki German kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II. itanki Heavy German

I-Second World War wayengomnye amadabi lalawo kwimbali yehlabathi ephucukile. Inani ubomi uphose egameni inkululeko, wawabulala ngexesha elifanayo yenza wonke umntu onekratshi kwilizwe lawo, esazi ukuba merit okhokho gqitha. Umnqweno yokufunda kwimbali edabini yobutsha kukuthi kunene incomeka, Yiloo nto, Nkosi uWinston Churchill wathi: "Abantu nokukhumbula yakhe ezidlulileyo, kwaye akukho kwixesha elizayo." Ukuze siqonde indlela ebaluleke impumelelo abavikeli zethu, kuyimfuneko ukuba bafunde imbali matanki German. Loo neetanki waseJamani angels wakhonza le nto ephambili Wehrmacht, kodwa sekunjalo akazange kunceda umkhosi waseJamani ukuze aphumelele. Ngoko ke ngubani na isizathu?

kwamatanki ukukhanya

Ukulungiselela Germany for ngeziqu Abaxhobileyo yaqala kudala ngaphambi avanyisa. Kodwa nangona ezinye kuphuhliso kwezithuthi German vehicles kuhlolwe kakade, ukusebenza lweetanki ukukhanya wahlala ezingaqondakaliyo.

Panzerkampfwagen I

Nokusayinwa iSivumelwano Versailles, lwenzeka ekupheleni leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, Germany ubeke-sikhokelo ethile. Esi sivumelwano ke akulawule zonke iingalo eJamani, kuquka imikhosi yamajoni kunye nezithuthi vehicles. ngokoMthetho okungqongqo contract kwakhokelela kuphela yokuba eJamani kungekudala wasiphakamisa uphuhliso uze ukuveliswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha imfihlelo emkhosini.

Eyokuqala Itanki, sidalwe Germany kwi interwar xesha, waba Panzerkampfwagen mna, nowaziwa ngo le ungayiqondiyo PzKpfw I. Development yitanki yaqala ngo-1931, kunye ngokusesikweni kumaxwebhu Kwadlula nje lwezolimo itrekta. Ukwenzela ukudala wanikwa iinkampani ezine zobunjineli elikhokelayo, kodwa ekugqibeleni ukhethe umfuziselo Wehrmacht owadalwa Friedrich Krupp AG.

Emva ngokuphuhlisa nokugcina zonke iimvavanyo eziyimfuneko imodeli test, itanki ukukhanya German wavalelwa kwimveliso. Ngokutsho data ezisemthethweni, ukususela 1934 ukuya 1936, oko wadalwa malunga 1,100 iikopi. Emva kokuba iisampuli zokuqala zaye zadluliselwa imikhosi, kwabonakala ukuba itanki ayikho nako ukuphuhlisa kwisantya sezingeni eliphezulu. Emva koku, ulungiso ezimbini zidalwe endaweni yalo: Pzkpfw I Ausf.A kunye PzKpfw I Ausf.B. Emva iinguqu ezingephi emzimbeni, isisu semoto injini itanki buye babangela ingozi enkulu ukuba utshaba kwezikhali.

Ubhaptizo lomlilo PzKpfw ndathatha eSpeyin ngexesha leMfazwe Civil ngo-1936 - iminyaka 1939. Ebudeni iimfazwe yokuqala, kwacaca ukuba itanki waseJamani ngeke sibe nako ukulwa eSoviet T-26. Nangona PzKpfw I isixhobo esinamandla kakhulu, ukuba awukwazi ukungena T-26 ukusuka imigama emide, ngelilixa umatshini eSoviet ibe akuyongxaki.

Njengoko kwiimpawu zobugcisa le uqwalaselo ulihlwempu, inkoliso iikopi zaye ekuphulukwana edabini. Kuba inkoliso kwamatanki kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II kwi Wehrmacht, kwaye nangona kwakukho imisebenzi ezincinane.

Panzerkampfwagen II

hayi Emva yokungqinisisa ingakumbi itanki yimpumelelo PzKpfw I imikhosi yaseJamani exhobileyo baba kuyimfuneko ukwenza itanki ukukhanya umpu anti-itanki. Oku ezi mfuno awabasondezayo ukuba mveliso-ababhekisi phambili, kodwa projekthi ingazange ukwanelisa umthengi, ngoko izixhobo eyayenziwe iindawo neenkampani ezahlukeneyo. Njengoko kwakunye PzKpfw mna, PzKpfw II upasisiwe ngokusemthethweni nje itrekta lwezolimo.

75 amatanki imifuziselo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo zaveliswa ngo-1936-1937. Ezi podmodifikatsii phantse iinkcukacha ezifanayo, kodwa iisampuli zeemvavanyo ukujonga ukusebenza kwezisombululo ngamnye zobugcisa.

Ngo-1937 waqalisa ukuvelisa iinguqulelo Pz Kpfw II Ausf b, okuhlanganisa i powertrain phambili kunye semoto, koko kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa kwiitanki best German. kwimveliso PzKpfw II kuzo zonke zontathu imifuziselo lwaqhutywa kwiminyaka 1937-1940, malunga 1088 iikopi yaveliswa ngeli thuba.

Emva kokuba iimfazwe yokuqala kwacaca ukuba kakhulu enasilela amatanki PzKpfw II izithuthi utshaba efanayo kuba isikrweqe sayo kwenziwe umonakalo buthathaka kakhulu kwaye kancinane. Noko ke, yokuba kuveliswe le umatshini banda kuphela ukuya ku-1942, yaye xa kwabonakala ukuba imifuziselo entsha, nobunzima, itanki yasetyenziswa kwi sites eziziisekondari.

Panzerkampfwagen II Ausf L Luchs

patency Poor kumazwe Polish yanyanzela Wesithathu ukwenza uphuhliso izithuthi ezintsha vehicles, eya kuba izixhobo qha. Uphuhliso lwezixhobo ezitsha wathunywa amabini amakhulu zobunjineli - Deimler-Benz kunye MAN, leyo uvelisa phantse yonke German amatanki yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi. Ngaphandle igama, le ukulungiswa kwafuneka mncinane kakhulu ntoni PzKpfw II, nangona ezinye abavelisi ezi iimodyuli kakhulu.

Kwiminyaka 1939-1941, zombini ezi nkampani benza itanki kuyilo sokuhlola. Iziphumo zezi zenzo zidalwe imifuziselo eziliqela, nto leyo kamva nokuba eveliswe kwaye ngokwala kwakhe ukuya kulwa. ntoni Ke zonke ezi wayibopha engawanelisi umthengi, ngoko waqhubeka nomsebenzi. Ngowe-1942, le iinjineli ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukwakha nomatshini idibana zonke iimfuno, yaye emva zikho ngayo wakhululwa kwimali lamaqhosha 800.

Luchs yafakwa kunye nezikhululo zerediyo amabini kwaye inani elikhulu lwezixhobo esweni, ukwenzela ukuba crew ilungu elitsha - ngumqhubi radio. Kodwa emva kokuba 100 iimoto yokuqala bathunyelwa ngaphambili, kwaye kwacaca ukuba umpu 20-millimitha akakwazi ngokucacileyo ukumelana notshaba izithuthi vehicles. Ngoko ke, abanye iqela sele baguqulwe, kwaye basebenze-millimitha 50 umpu isixhobo yayo. Kodwa ke loo wezixhobo zokudlala ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iimfuno, ngoko imveliso Luchs wamiswa.

kwamatanki medium

iitanki medium German ngexesha yeHlabathi yesiBini bebexhotyiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo iimodyuli abangenakuze utshaba. Nangona izithuthi Soviet emkhosini wakwazi ukulwa ngempumelelo izithuthi yotshaba.

Panzerkampfwagen III

itanki medium German Pzkfw III ithatha eyandulela wakhe ebuthathaka Pzkfw I. Wehrmacht ifuna ukuba umenzi imoto ukuba balwe ngokulinganayo naziphi izithuthi utshaba, ubunzima imodeli entsha kwafuneka ukuba iitoni ezili-10 kunye inkanunu 37-nawethu. imikhosi yaseJamani exhobileyo wayenethemba lokuba Pzkfw III lusisisekelo esisiseko isikrweqe German. Ngokulwa, kwafuneka ukunceda omnye Itanki ukukhanya Pzkfw II kunye enzima omnye, ekufuneka isebenze zokudubula amandla webutho.

Ngowe-1936 waba thaca kunye ukuguqulwa wokuqala umatshini, yaye ngowe-1939 omnye wabo sele iphumile kwimveliso. Njengoko phakathi Germany kunye eSoviet Union wasayina isivumelwano intsebenziswano emkhosini-technical, i-USSR bafumana ikopi kumatshini uvavanyo. Emva kophando kwagqitywa ukuba nangona itanki vehicles and fast ngokwaneleyo, kodwa umpu ithambile.

Emva kokuba amadabi yokuqala kunye France Wehrmacht kwacaca ukuba itanki waseJamani Pzkfw III akusekho ukumelana imisebenzi eyabelwe oko, ngoko iye yaphuculwa, oko kumiselwa sisixhobo esinamandla, waza wenza ibunzi vehicles ukuya imoto wayengekho ixhoba lula kakhulu ACS. Kodwa ekubeni umgangatho kwezithuthi utshaba liye laqhubeka lisanda, iimodyuli ezintsha efumba Pzkfw III neziphumo ukwanda okubonakalayo kobunzima kungoko ukonakala kweendlela permeability, imveliso tank wayekwa.

Panzerkampfwagen IV

Ukuveliswa lo matshini inxaxheba kwinkampani Krupp, uphuhliso kunye nokudalwa itanki enamandla anobunzima 24 inkanunu-75 ezinga- ogama icala. Njengabo bonke abanye German neetanki of World War II, PzKpfw IV yafakwa nge isisu semoto, elakhiwe ngekhaya 8 wendlela kweevili, apho ukuphuculwa uphume kwaye ayinto oomatshini.

Itanki ezini- zokuguqulwa. Emva kokuba uvavanyo lokuqala womzekelo A, kwagqitywa ukufaka injini enamandla ngakumbi, nto leyo lwaqhutywa kwi amanqanaba emibini yokutrima B no-C, abathabatha inxaxheba kwiphulo Polish. Nakuba kwabonakala kulungile entsimini, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukwenza elitsha ongumzekelo oluphuculweyo iintonga. Zonke iindlela ezilandelayo zaye iguqulwe kakhulu, banikwa amava azuzwe emva iinguqulelo uvavanyo lokuqala.

Ukususela 1937 1945 kwathiwa yaveliswa iikopi 8525 zokuguqulwa ezahlukahlukeneyo, nto leyo inxaxheba phantse onke amadabi yaye yasebenza kakuhle kulo imfazwe. Ngoko ke kusekelwe PzKpfw IV wadalwa ezinye oomatshini ezimbalwa.

Panzerkampfwagen V Panther

Isishwankathelo kwamatanki baseJamani wabonisa ukuba PzKpfw V Panther wayengomnye izithuthi isebenzayo ye Wehrmacht. Chess kumiswa, umpu-75 ezinga- weentonga esihle wamenza itanki kakuhle isiJamani, ngokutsho iingcali ezininzi.

Ngenxa yokuba kule minyaka yokuqala imfazwe kwezithuthi German vehicles ukwanelisa imfuno, uphuhliso itanki enamandla wahlala sikwinqanaba lokuqala. Kodwa xa eSoviet Union iye yabonisa ukongama kwayo tankostroitelstve, epapashwe kV ne T-34, nto leyo bangcono kakhulu ukuya kwiitanki ekhoyo isiJamani kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Wesithathu baqalisa ukucinga malunga nokuveliswa, imodeli entsha enamandla ngakumbi.

PzKpfw V Panther, wadala ngokusekelwe T-34, baye bathatha inxaxheba ekulweni engundoqo ngaphambili kwaye kulo lonke elaseYurophu babonisa okusemandleni abo. Nangona kuveliswe le mfuziselo kakhulu elide kwaye zibiza, oko bugwetyelwe onke amathemba wabaseki. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, yasinda iikopi-16 kuphela, omnye ongaphakathi Kubinka kwitanki imyuziyam.

kwamatanki enzima

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II firepower iphambili yaseJamani matanki nje enzima. Oku akumangalisi ukuba uthathe ingqalelo thina iimpawu zabo zobugcisa. Eyona ezinamandla enzima German itanki - Kakade ke, i "uTiger", kodwa musa kudla ngasemva odumileyo ngokulinganayo "Mouse".

Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger

I "Tiger" yasungulwa ngo-1941, yaye ngoAgasti 1942 iikopi yokuqala inxaxheba kweli dabi eLeningrad, yaye kamva Idabi Kursk. Emva kokuba imikhosi yaseJamani wahlasela eSoviet Union kunye ndadibana nokumelana enamandla T-35 yalwa vehicles, isixhobo unako onakalise nayiphi na itanki eJamani, kwagqitywa ukwenza kumatshini ukudlisa oko umva. Ngoko ke, lo iinjineli kwafuneka ukudala analogu zaphuculwa HF-1 PzKpfw IV technology.

isikrweqe Omkhulu itanki nompu-88 mm benza ngcono phakathi iitanki enzima ehlabathini lonke, kuye kwaqatshelwa yi amajoni US, i-UK kunye neFransi. itanki indawo enamandla macala onke zamenza phantse likhona, kodwa izixhobo ezitsha okunjalo lo anti-uHitler angalawuliyo imfuneko ezintsha omzabalazo. Ngoko ke, ekuyeni ekupheleni kwemfazwe, abachasi Germany bakaThixo ebusweni ACS, ezinako ukukulumkisela ukutshabalalisa itanki isiJamani "Tiger". Ukubandakanya ezi zibandakanya eSoviet SU-100 kunye wapin-152.

Panzerkampfwagen VIII isinqumleli

I Wehrmacht wayecebe ukwakhiwa kwitanki super-enzima, eya kuba akwenzeki ukuba izithuthi yotshaba. Emva Hitler sele wasayina ukuze uphuhliso ekhokela abakhi machine kwamenza waqonda ukuba akukho mfuneko yokuba nokudalwa kwemodeli enjalo. Kodwa uFerdinand Porsche wayecinga ngenye kwaye nochuku baqalisa ukuyila iseti epheleleyo leeyunithi ezintsha super enzima izixhobo zomkhosi. Ngenxa yoko "Mouse", isikrweqe leyo 200-240 mm, nto leyo irekhodi izixhobo zomkhosi.

iikopi-2 kuphela eshicilelwe, kodwa nophondo i Red Army 1945, efana nezinye iinzululwazi ezininzi German. Amafoto aye walilondoloza, kunye nemodeli ndawonye ukusuka kwiitanki ezimbini ngasentla liqhuma, anike ingcamango ebalaseleyo yendlela enamandla le modeli.

isiphelo

Ukushwankathela, kufuneka wathi ubuncinane eJamani ngexesha kushishino itanki beMfazwe Yehlabathi II yasungulwa ngobulungisa kakuhle, kwabonakala izinto ezintsha njengempendulo wayifanisa ezinjalo lamatanki Soviet njengoko HF, HF-1, T-35, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Oku kwenza kucace ukuba kubaluleke indima ngesiphumo imfazwe wadlala umnqweno wabantu Soviet kuloyiso.