Ziziphi iimpawu babe receptors: iimpawu zezakhiwo, iintlobo kunye nemisebenzi

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ntoni na iimpawu receptors, cinga ezahlukeneyo kunye nesakhiwo analyzers. ubomi bethu bekuya kuba nzima ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle receptor. Khawuthelekelele ubomi kungaba njani njani ngaphandle kwethu ukuva, ukubona, ivumba, ngaphandle kwebala, incasa.

Umsebenzi analyzer lokuqala kwaye samabanga - kukukhusela. Ngaphandle kwetyala, bendingayi kuba nako ukuva naziphi zengozi (imoto, iintengiso zerediyo likaxakeka, njalo njalo); ngaphandle embonweni bekuya ukuxakeka ngokupheleleyo ebumnyameni, ngaba uyazi ukuba mhle umhlaba wethu; Ukunukisa unako ukukhusela ukusuka ingozi thina (umzekelo, xa evuza igesi); ingqiqo wetatshi isixelela umonakalo kunokwenzeka ukuba banokubenzakalisa umzimba; azosala ukuvumela ukuba ukwahlula limnandi enetyuwa na okanye bayaxabana. Makhe sithethe kancinci malunga ngeemvakalelo nibuyele kumbuzo yintoni mihlaba receptor.

ukushukumisa

abambalwa kuphela ukwahlula iindidi ukushukumisa :

• kuyabuya kwesikhumba;
• ukunambitha;
• Isivamvo sokujoja;
• njengokungathi ebonwayo;
• kuyabuya ukuva;
• isikhundla isithuba;
• ingqondo intshukumo;
• organic.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba uhlobo lokuqala luquka:

• touch;
• wegazi;
• umqondo touch;
• lobushushu kuyabuya;
• ubuhlungu.

Liqela th we-6 ne-7 ibandakanya zombini static nawentshukumo. Yingqondo 8 thina ukwabela ezi ntlobo ukushukumisa:

• indlala;
• ome;
• imvakalelo izibilini njalo njalo.

Ngaphambi kokuba abonisa oko iimpawu kufuneka receptors, ukuhlalutya iintlobo zazo.

iindidi zemizwa

Ngoku sinikela kuni qhubela uhlelo kwezinye iinkalo. Xa ebuzwa ukuba iimpawu kufuneka Amaqhina awo, ibhayoloji (ibakala 8) Abafundi kufuneka aphendule. Siphawula mihlaba kunye nemisebenzi kwicandelo elilandelayo, kwaye ngoku - ukuhlelwa kwimbono isivuseleli:

• mechanoreceptors;
• chemoreceptors;
• thermoreceptors;
• ziiphotoreceptor;
• nociceptors.

Enye yokuhlela siye zakhokelela, busekelwe phezu ngokombono psychophysiology. Khumbula ukuba receptors bohlulwa babe ngamaqela:

• ebonwayo;
• yokulalela;
• kungcamla;
• ukuqgiba;
• ephathekayo, okanye haptic.

Imisebenzi kunye neempawu receptor

Kweli candelo siza kujonga iintlobo, imisebenzi kunye neempawu ze-receptor. Ngenxa yoko, phakathi iimpawu kungathiwa:

• Okukodwa;
• uvakalelo.

Ngoku kancinane ngakumbi ngamnye kubo. Ngu Okukodwa oko kwakuthetha ukuba receptor uyabubona enye kuphela uhlobo isivuseleli. Oko kukuthi, ukuba receptors zibe monomodal, kodwa oku akusoloko kunjalo, ekubeni inkoliso ubuchule babo wokubona nezinye ukutyabuka, uvakalelo kuwo kuphela ezincinane kakhulu.

Ngoko ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba ipropati yesibini - uvakalelo. It lungabaleka, eli nani unalo igama - embundwini epheleleyo. Apha kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba receptors nabanako ukwahlulelana yi kwisantya lithathelwe:

• wokuqinisa;
• intermediates;
• isigaba.

umsebenzi receptor:

• uphawu;
• uguqule amandla emzimbeni ube amaza-luvo;
• Uhlalutyo lokuqala zizinto ezingenayo.

Iintlobo kunye nesakhiwo analyzers

Yintoni iimpawu receptors, siye ngokufutshane kwakhona. Sinikezela ukuya uhlobo kunye nesakhiwo analyzers.

Okokuqala, sisithi thaca umba "analyzer" ngokwayo. Le complex izakhiwo inkqubo luvo, ezivumela ukuba ukuhlalutya imiyalezo evela ngaphandle. Bangahlela ndiwavuze ezahlukeneyo zeendlela, nathi kwakhona ukunika kucalulo yi injongo. Ngoko ke analyzers zihlukaniswe:

• zangaphandle;
• ingaphakathi;
• omzimba;
• ubuhlungu.

Ubume analyzer lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe kumacandelo ezintathu:

• neuropathy;
• umqhubi;
• engundoqo.

Ii-yokuqala isebe yokuyiphatha lwesibini - neuron ejikeleza eyesithathu - 2 iintlobo luvo ukuba enze uhlalutyo data.

emehlweni

Siye safumanisa ukuba iimpawu jikelele receptor. Ngoku sixoxa kancinci malunga iziko olubonakalayo. Ukuze ube ngamafuphi kakhulu, lo analyzer olubonakalayo ibandakanya le mibutho ilandelayo:

• okubonakalayo;
• inkxaso;
• Zobuchopho.

Konke oku kuyanceda ukuqonda nokuhlalutya imiyalezo ukukhanya. Ukuba sithethe ngokwahlukeneyo ngale ndoda, ngenxa yokuba amehlo kumgca enye, unako ukuchaza ezithile iparameters:

• nokujula;
• umthamo;
• umgama, njalo njalo.

Oku kubonisa ukuba amehlo binocular kwabantu.

ukuva

Ngoko ke, yintoni iimpawu ziye receptor? Khumbula: ubuntununtunu kunye Okukodwa. akukho nto iye yatshintsha ngokuphathelele nezamkeli eziviwayo. Iindlebe, singakwazi ukuva kuphela. kanye kwakhona Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-ezithile, kodwa ningaqiqi zonke izandi. Oku kubonisa ukuba receptors ekuva kufuneka ipropati uvakalelo.

Inkqubo ezindlebeni zabantu akabonwa ultrasound kunye infrasound. Kutheni? Infrasound uluhlu igagasi ngaphantsi kwe-20 Hz, ultrasound - elingaphaya 20 KHz, elingaphonoshono uvakalelo ngabantu kumsobomvu nezamkeli eziviwayo.

uthinte

Siye lwajonga amalungu iyonke yokwamkela kudlulela ii-ephathekayo. Wonke umzimba wethu ibekwe inani elikhulu kakhulu nezamkeli oyivileyo. Kuyinto ngenxa kubo ukuze sikwazi ukubona i abandayo ukusuka kowomileyo ashushu, emanzi. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zonke receptors ezahlukeneyo, oko kukuthi, omnye olawula ubushushu, ngoxa abanye - ukuba intlungu njalo njalo.

ivumba

Masithi amagama ambalwa malunga ingqiqo ivumba. Nose umntu nje kwanemfuneko vumba livumba, incasa yokutya njalo-njalo. Impumlo usikhusela kwiingozi ezininzi, nto leyo maxa wambi bade ebulalayo ngabantu. Ivumba kungaba nefuthe iimvakalelo lwesenzi. Khumbula, kuba qiniseka ukuba unayo vumba othandwayo lobuntwana (oko kusenokuba ubisi entsha, ukubhaka ivumba okanye isiqholo sikanina).

Xa siqwalasela ihlabathi isilwanyana, kukwayinto entle Indlela yokuphepha ezinye zeengxaki (izilwanyana ngokuphawula indawo yabo, eyindoda enamandla ngaphantsi engazange ukubeka unyawo kula kwintsimi eyomeleleyo).

izixhobo vestibular

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba umzimba womntu iqulethe receptors olulodwa kusenza sikwazi ukubona indawo yayo esithubeni. Ukuba ebengekho, bekungasayi kubakho imvakalelo yokuba zibheke ezantsi (umzekelo, le ekhwela, xa kokwenza amaqhinga acrobatic kwaye njalo njalo), siya kuwa endaweni ebanzi, ukubandezeleka nesiyezi obungunaphakade njalo njalo.

Esi sixhobo kunokuba nzima. Ukuba kukho amakhwiniba umsebenzi wakhe, loo mntu kuya kufuneka ukuba kuhle embi, kangangokuba nokuqhelaniswa kwisithuba, yena abanakukwazi.

incasa

Kwaye ekugqibeleni - kancinci malunga indima kubomi bethu athathe incasa. azosala ndivumele kuqala ukuba sahlule ukungcamla ukutya.

Bonke abantu bayakwazi ukuziva iimpawu incasa, njengoko isakhiwo ulwimi kwi nse onke, kwaye azosala afumaneka phezu komhlaba. Bathi igama - ithupha incasa. Xa ulwimi lwethu, iindidi wabo omkhulu, kodwa yonke enye inoxanduva umthunzi incasa.