Entlango Antarctic: indawo zendalo

entlango Antarctic - omkhulu yaye kubanda ehlabathini, luphawulwa ukuhla ezinkulu kwamaqondo obushushu kunye nokungabikho phantse ngokupheleleyo kwemvula. Le ise kumazantsi eli langa, abahlala ngokupheleleyo kwilizwekazi yesithandathu - Antarctica.

intlango Cool Ngaba Umhlaba

Kumgxotha bonke abantu achukumisa unxulumano kunye nobushushu, ukuba babeziindleko ezinkulu zentlabathi kunye amatyholo ezincinane. Noko ke, kweli hlabathi kukho iintlobo ngengqele - yeyona Arctic nenkqantosi Antarctic. Tsalela ukuze ngenxa omkhenkce eziqinileyo akunaye enzima. Ngenxa emoyeni lobushushu eliphantsi ayikwazi ukugcina ukufuma, ngoko njani na kowomileyo kakhulu.

Xa imvula zibonwa izinto isikhumbuza wasezantsi ulophu, ezifana yeSahara, izazinzulu ukuze waza wabanika igama "entlango lokulayita".

Imimandla ye-Arctic neentlango Antarctic - na ummandla kumazwekazi kunye iziqithi ezingqonge North Pole (Arctic) kunye nakumazantsi (Antarctic), ezinxulumene, ngokulandelelana, ukuya Arctic kunye nemimandla zezulu Antarctic. Ziye ke yakhiwa ice kunye baselulwalweni phantse abaphili, kodwa ngaphantsi ngumkhenkce, oosonzululwazi ukufumana iintsholongwane.

Antarctica

Kwintlango Antarctic million 13.8 cubic metres macala onke., Yiyiphi na indawo yelizwekazi ngumkhenkce, nto leyo ifumaneka kwi-South Pole wehlabathi. Macala onke kokuhlanjwa yi iilwandle ezininzi: i-Pacific, Atlantic namaNdiya, kwiindonga iqanjwa ngumkhenkce.

I indawo okuyo yasezinkqantosini Antarctic ukuba uphethe Antarctica, kumiselwa nje kuphela kwindawo mpumalanga, kodwa ke ziqithi, ibekwe ngeenxa zonke kuyo. Kukwakho ke Antarctic Peninsula, sisiya enzulwini yolwandle kwegama elifanayo. Ngomhla kummandla Antarctica amanga Transantarctic Mountains gqiphu kwilizwekazi lezabelo 2: empuma nasentshona.

isiqingatha Western ukwakweli eqongeni Antarctic na namageduka ubude weentaba malunga-5 km. Kule ndawo kukho mlilo, enye yazo - iErebus - ukubambela, phezu sisiqithi kuLwandle Ross. Kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni kukho kohlaza, apho kwakungekho ngumkhenkce. Ezi kumathafa ezincinane kunye neentaba ekuthiwa nunataks, nayo indawo ka-40 amawaka. M., Indawo kunxweme wePasifiki. Kwi nemisinga kukho amachibi kunye nemilambo avela kuphela ehlotyeni. Total oosonzululwazi bafumanisa 140 subglacial namachibi. Kuphela omnye wabo akayi ngumkhenkce - Lake Vostok. Okwimpuma - kunazo ziziphaluka kunye abanda.

imithombo yezimbiwa ukuba ezinzulwini ilizwekazi: Ore izinyithi ahle and non-ayoni, mica, mifanekiso, amalahle, kukho ulwazi zolondolozo uranium, igolide nedayimani. Phantsi assumptions wenzululwazi, zokuma, kukho iidiphozithi ze oyile negesi, kodwa ngenxa yemozulu embi, imithombo imigodi akwenzeki.

Antarctic entlango, lisithi: isimo

Nezwekazi southern kunye sezulu kakhulu ezibandayo, apho kungenxa ukubunjwa nokuphuma umoya obandayo neyomileyo. Antarctica ibekwe kwindawo imozulu Antarctic yomhlaba.

Ebusika amaqondo uyakwazi ukufikelela -80 ° C, phakathi ehlotyeni - 20 ° C. Ingaba indawo kunxweme ukhululeke ngakumbi apho ithemometha ehlotyeni ifikelela -10 ° C, apho kungenxa yokuba kwizimanga zendalo ebizwa ngokuba "albedo" - ibonisa ubushushu ukusuka ice komhlaba. Irekhodi lobushushu oluphantsi yabhalwa apha ngowe-1983 yaye yaba -89,2 ° C.

Isixa ye kwezulu - ubuncinane malunga 200 mm kunyaka wonke, zibe ikhephu kuphela. Oku kungenxa kubanda kakhulu, nto leyo yomile ukufuma, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukubiza entlango Antarctic yi ndawo lawona kakhulu kwiplanethi yethu.

Imozulu apha ngumahluko: embindini ilizwekazi ngaphantsi kwezulu (50 mm), umoya ebandayo kunxweme ngaphantsi kakhulu (ukuya kwi-90 m / s), kwaye kwezulu sele 300 mm ngonyaka. Izazinzulu ziqikelela ukuba umthamo wamanzi tyaba njengoko ice nekhephu e Antarctica yi-90% yetotali oovimba behlabathi amanzi acocekileyo.

Enye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo entlango - uqhwithela. Apha kwakhona kwenzeka ikhephu kuphela, kwaye isantya somoya ngexesha sakhi 320 km / h.

Ulwalathiso oluvela embindini ukuya elunxwemeni mpumalanga rhoqo intshukumo ye kwithala sikumkhenkce glacier ukuya uzaphule ehlotyeni, ukwakha nawakhe kwazo ukuba begcina olwandle.

Inani labemi kwelizwekazi

Antarctica akanayo abahlali abasisigxina, ngokutsho iwonga ngamazwe ayithethi akangowakhe naliphi na ilizwe. Ngomhla kummandla kwimimandla entlango Antarctic ibekwe kuphela izikhululo zophando apho iingcali zenzululwazi bekwi kuphando. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho kwabakhenkethi okanye yezemidlalo hambo.

Inani izazinzulu zophando, ohlala kwizikhululo zophando, xa ixesha ehlotyeni luyanda kubantu 4 amawaka ebusika -. Kuphela 1 amawaka Ngokweerekhodi zembali, bokuqala abahlala apha baba sperm yaseMelika, Norwegian kunye yaseBritani, owayehlala kwisiqithi South Georgia, kodwa. 1966 whaling uvaliweyo.

yonke indawo entlango Antarctic - an aqumbe, singqongwe babeziindleko ezinkulu ngumkhenkce nekhephu.

Ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila lelizwekazi southern

Ongqonge umhlaba onokuphila e Antarctica yahlulwe imimandla eliqela:

• unxweme nemisinga kunye iziqithi;
• eliyi ekude kufuphi nonxweme;
• indawo nunataks (iintaba kufutshane nesikhululo "Uxolo", iindawo weentaba e Victoria Land, etc ...);
• sheet indawo ice.

Le enezityalo nezilwanyana banobutyebi ummandla emanzini, apho ubomi izilwanyana kunye Antarctic abaninzi. Badla zooplankton ngamanzi olwandle (krill). Land izilwanyana kweli lizwekazi ayikho kwaphela.

Xa nunataks kunye kohlaza lwamanxweme nga uphila iintsholongwane, ulele na ulele, iintshulube kunye copepods, maxa wambi aphaphazele aye nentaka. Ummandla sezulu kuFeliks - i-Antarctic Peninsula.

umhlaba emifuno

Izityalo Antarctic esentlango ihlobene nenyaniso yokuba kukho kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngexesha ubukho kweli lizwekazi le-ajenos. Ngoku zimiselwe iintlobo ezimbalwa ubulembu kunye ulele, leyo, ngokutsho izazinzulu, ezingaphezu kwe-5 amawaka. Iminyaka.

Kwi izityalo eneentyatyambo lizwe kunye neziqithi ezingqongileyo, kwathi ngo kohlaza yamanzi ahlaziyekileyo kuphila ulwelwe blue-eluhlaza, nto leyo ibe kuqweqwe bagubungele emazantsi ezingamadama.

Inani kweentlobo ulele yi-200, kunye moss imalunga 70. ulwelwe ngokuqhelekileyo ezinza ehlotyeni xa thawing ikhephu ukuyilwa imizimba amancinane amanzi, yaye inokuba ezahlukahlukeneyo imibala, ukudala iindawo multi-bala eqaqambileyo ongathi ingca mgama.

Found iintlobo-2 kuphela zezityalo kweentyatyambo:

• Pearlwort Quito, ubandakanyeka Caryophyllaceae. Kuyinto njengohlaza kwi "umqamelo" imilo, ihonjiswe ngeentyatyambo ezincinane mibala ezimhlophe okanye ukukhanya-emthubi malunga-5 cm.
• ingca iinwele Antarctic ukusuka usapho ingca. Ukhula elangeni ngokupheleleyo, oko ukumelana iqabaka, lukhule kwi-20 cm.

Izilwanyana ice entlango

Izilwanyana Antarctic oluphantsi kakhulu ngenxa sezulu esibandayo kunye nokunqongophala kokutya. Izilwanyana zihlala kuphela kwiindawo apho kukho izityalo okanye zooplankton elwandle, yaye zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela-2: ezisentlabathini kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini.

Flying izinambuzane musa, ngenxa yokuba umoya onamandla kuyabanda, abanako usehla emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho kohlaza amangolwane, kunye ezingenamaphiko iimpukane springtails. Kuphela kule ngingqi ezingenamaphiko live nesinambuzane, nguye izilwanyana inkulu ilizwe entlango Antarctic - it Belgica Antarctica ubungakanani 10-11 mm (ifoto ngezantsi).

Xa amadama amanzi ehlotyeni uyakwazi ukufumana izilwanyana sabaqalayo, kwakunye rotifers, nematodes ezineqokobhe asezantsi.

Animals of Antarctica

Izilwanyana Antarctica naye kakhulu limited yaye ukho becala kwimimandla yonxweme;

• oonombombiya 17 iintlobo: Adele, Imperial et al.
• amatywina: Weddell (ubude 3 m), kunye cynomolgus karhataka itywina-nengwe (m ngu-4, nesikhumba elinombala amabala), ingonyama ulwandle, iintini Ross (undiphe azigxeke);
• Bahlala iminenga ocean Udla kwezilwanyana, intlanzi kunye ice;
• jellyfish omkhulu, ukufikelela ubunzima bomzimba 150 kg;
• ezinye iintaka kuphendule apha ehlotyeni, ukudala yentaka olukhulayo kunye amantshontsho: ama, iialbatross, plover emhlophe, cormorants, ihashe enkulu, petrels, pintail emantla.

Iintlobo zezilwanyana omele kakhulu - a lukanombombiya, apho ixhaphakileyo ephilileyo komlawuli kunxweme yezwe. Ubude uyakwazi ukufikelela ezi abantu eyinzwana (160 cm), kunye nobunzima - 60 kg.

Enye ummeli ezinzi kwiintaka - Adelie penguins, ukuba incinane ezimila ukuya 50 cm kunye ezinobunzima elingekho ngaphezu kwama-3 kg.

Le eziphila le Antarctic kunye ukugcinakala kwayo

koozintlango ice Continental amanzi abandayo ezilwandle ezingqongileyo Antarctica, asengomnye ecosystem kumiwa zizinto ezikhoyo apha kangangamawaka eminyaka ophilileyo. Eyona ukutya lwesilwanyana - a izilwanyana.

Ngenxa okuye, umkhenkce inginginya nekhephu e Antarctica ngokuthe esoyiswa, ukuthuthela kufutshane elunxwemeni. Ice shelf ukuze zinyibilike ngcembe, ngokuthe ngcembe ebhenca umhlaba, ukudala indawo evumayo ngakumbi abantu izityalo. Noko ke, ukuvela lweentlobo zezityalo non-lweenkobe abamkelwa kwilizwekazi.

I-ecosystem Antarctica yaye intlango Antarctic kufuneka bakhuselwe ukuvela kweentlobo 'yalapha' lobomi, ukuze wonke umntu eze apha sisazinzulu okanye kubakhenkethi kudlula unyango enyanzelekileyo. Xa inkqubo ukugungxula ithatha indawo nokutshatyalaliswa iinxalenye izityalo okanye sikuyo.

Ukungqinelana isivumelwano esatyikitywa ngamazwe 44 ihlabathi, ngomhla kummandla Antarctica zavalwa imisebenzi zomkhosi mvavanyo, Vol. H. Nuclear, nokulahlwa kwenkunkuma eqhumayo. Kuphela ukuba uphando.