Yintoni na indawo Iceland? Area Iceland amawaka macala onke. Km

Imbali kwilizwe ngalinye, a umdla kunye ezintsonkothileyo. Area Iceland kwabunjwa kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi, nangona ukuba olu hlanga siqithi. Izibakala kwendawo beli lizwe imali enkulu. Yintoni na imali uBukhosi baseRoma kwi siqithi? Ibandakanya zokusekwa kwe-State Vikings? Yiyiphi indawo lugubungela Iceland? Kule kunye nabanye abaninzi - ngakumbi.

ukubunjwa lizwe

Ummandla isiqithi Iceland namhlanje 103 amawaka 125 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni kwilizwe kwiinkulungwane ezininzi eyadlulayo? Kuba okokuqala kwi Iceland ulwazi ningawufumana, uthandana AD ngenkulungwane IX. Kodwa Nakule mihla urhulumente isiganeko, leyo omkhanyelayo imfundiso esisiseko nokubunjwa kwayo. Isibakala sokuba siqithi sele kufunyenwe zemali yamaRoma, ezazisetyenziswa xa BC ngenkulungwane III. e.

Esi siganeko kungachazwa kukuba kamva kwisiqithi imali bazisa Vikings, kodwa ngoku ingazeki. Mhlawumbi indawo ye Iceland iye ndimncinile phambi kwenkulungwane IX. Le nyaniso ingqinwa amazwi umkhenkethi ongumGrike lowo kwi BC ngenkulungwane IV. e. Wachaza ukuba ummandla efanayo.

izithixo Help

Kukho imfundiso leyo ebonisa ukuba ziimonki Irish wafumana kwisiqithi Iceland. Ummandla intsimi kwakufuneka ukuba bathandaze koothixo babo. Okokuqala bafumana Faroe Islands, ababhaqwe ibhungane futhi asihlali, yaye kamva, mhlawumbi, kufikelelwe kwaye "Ice Land".

Kukho ukuqashisela ukuba igama iThule igama lokuqala kweli lizwe yangoku. Kwakukho ithe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane VIII, xa Faroe Islands belimiwe zizalamane zabo, waqala apho ezizalana iigusha ndaza ubomi esebenzayo.

izibakala

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Iceland siqithi ndawo wahlola sele kwinkulungwane IX. Ukusuka Norway wafika apha Naddodd namanye Vikings. Babecinga ukuba uya kukwazi ukwakha ubomi, kodwa onokunyuka aye entabeni, akazange afumane nto ofanelekileyo. Xa Bayishiya siqithi, ukuba unomsebenzi omninzi wanika ikamva ngurhulumente Naddodd igama yixina "Land Snow".

Olu ndwendwe elandelayo yaba Gardar Svavarsson. Wagqiba ukufumana ukuba yeyiphi indawo kufutshane nesiqithi Iceland, uze uphonononge ngokubanzi ndawo. Yena uqubha ixesha elide elunxwemeni, kodwa ebusika kwaba nzima ukuba siphile, kwaye kwagqitywa ekubeni ayeke kwi kumntla Gulf. Ke zenza yokuhlala encinane, nto leyo unanamhla kuthiwa Husavik ( "Gulf zezindlu").

Okulandelayo Viking umnqobi, mhlambi Vilgerdarsson isigqibo ngokufanelekileyo ukujongana nesibakala ukuba umhlaba onjalo, Iceland. Ummandla nsimu, bayicezele isixeko ekhangela Gardar. Endleleni, yena namadoda akhe bafumana umfula waza wagqiba ukuba phezulu apha. Kuwo idlale joke okhohlakeleyo kunye namadoda akhe, zonke ezizitho phezu ubusika wabulawa ngenxa yokunqongophala kokutya. Umhlambi spring abahlola umfula, kodwa ufumanise ukuba nangoku wayifulela ngumkhenkce, wawunika siqithi igama Iceland ( "Land of Ice").

Kakade ekupheleni kwenkulungwane IX amazwe siqithi. Abantu baye baba inkqubo yabo likarhulumente, yaye ngowe-1000 kwasekwa ukholo. UbuKristu waba esemthethweni kubo. Iceland babefunde kakhulu, ngoko bahlala ngonaphakade kwimbali imisebenzi yobugcisa.

ukuxhomekeka

Kwenzeka ukuba ekunene ukuya ku-1918 lizwe wayemlwela inkululeko yawo, yaye indawo Iceland kwi square metres. km njengelizwe ayikwazanga ukuqinisekiswa. Okokuqala kwakufuneka ukwabelana eNorway, ukuba alwe eDenmark.

Ngokutsho kwenzeka, xa umbutho Danish-Norwegian ke, nokuvumelana, yonke imimandla zaye ligqithiselwe Sweden. Kodwa malunga Iceland "ukhohliwe", wahlala phantsi kolawulo Danish. abahlali ixesha elide awanelisekanga ice Countries yakhiwe yokuhlala kwakhe phantsi kwegunya eminye imibuso. Bona azimiseleyo kwasekwa abasemagunyeni kuyimfuneko, imfundo kunye nenkqubo yoqoqosho.

ukukhululwa

State liye laqukumbela kwimanyano yabasebenzi kunye Denmark waza waba ezimeleyo-1 Disemba 1918. The First World War akazange aluchaphazeli siqithi, kodwa ndondlelwe apha umkhuhlane bhubhane. KwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, Iceland wazama cala, kodwa amaBritane wasiqhekeza waza wangena kwi Reykjavik kwizibuko. Ngowe-1944, esi siqithi yaba umbuso ozimeleyo ngokupheleleyo, uBukumkani yokutshintshiselana ubume kwiRiphabliki.

isishwankathelo

Ngoko ke, thina sele uyazi ukuba yintoni na indawo Iceland ye siqithi. Ummandla urhulumente yathabatha 103 lamawaka macala onke. Km. Eli lizwe ifumaneka Ngasentshona ukusuka kumntla Yurophu ukuya emantla kwi Atlantic Ocean. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukongeza besiqithi kwaye ujikeleze kwilizwe ezimbalwa besive kurhulumente.

Ukuba ngaba uthathe ingqalelo yokuba zomkhenkce agubungele kumgama ongaphezu kwe-11,000 ezikwere, ummandla Iceland endaweni yembutho. km iza kuba 92 amawaka. Koko, wonke ummandla ikota kuphela ezihlalwa. Xa ngundoqo siqithi kukho mlilo, amasimi ezihambayo.

Phakathi kobani ukwahlula le ndawo?

Indawo Iceland yahlulahlulwe Sisley nakwizithili ezisezidolophini. Sisley, ke, iqanjwa izixeko kunye noomasipala. Enye zezithili wesixeko yi Reykjavik. Le ise mmandla wokuqala igama engaqhelekanga kwiNgingqi Capital. Itotali kwimimandla 8 of esiqithini, ngokulandelelana, 8 amaziko olawulo.

capital

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba yonke Iceland siqithi ndawo (macala onke. Km) ibandakanya kungekuphela siqithi, kodwa lo zwe. Enye yazo likomkhulu karhulumente - Reykjavik. Kuthatha 275 kuphela seltjarnarnes peninsula km². Apha kuphila ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senani labemi beli lizwe - 202 amawaka abantu. I 119.000 abaseleyo bahlala nakwezinye izixeko ezikhulu: Kopavogur, Hafnarfjordur, Akureyri, Husavik kunye nabanye.

Abakhenkethi kwi siqithi kunzima kakhulu ukuba balale ehlotyeni, njengoko akukho phantse ubusuku. Ilanga uya phantsi phakathi kobusuku, iqala ukuba avuke iiyure kwangethuba 2-3 ebusuku. Kodwa ebusika ungabona i "ukukhanya white" ziyure-4 kuphela ngemini.

izimanga ezindawo

Ukukhangela ezinye indawo Iceland, uyazi ukuba le siqithi egcina iimfihlelo ezininzi nokwakheka. Kukholelwa ukuba eli lizwe ukuba umkhenkce - kwilizwe entsha, leyo wabonakala ngenxa mlilo, esebenzayo kule minyaka izizigidi-60 edlulileyo.

Abo bangevanga zelizwe kwaye andinamdla kuye, wamangaliswa ukuba siqithi phantse 30 mlilo. Kwaye kuba zombini, Iceland loni abantu,-20 kubo sele phula ingqondo yomntu. Okunye okunika umdla kukuba phakathi iintlobo ezininzi mlilo, phantse bonke abafunyanwa kwi siqithi. Xa kwi 1780s emva kwexesha kwabakho kukujaduka mlilo Laki, Iceland mlilo babulawula ummandla omkhulu - ngaphezu kwe-570 yeekhilomitha square.

Enye umlilo-ukuphefumla omkhulu noko amnye ebantwini lubonwe kwinkulungwane yama-20, kabini. Enye mlilo zangaphantsi e Iceland ngowe-1963 wadala siqithi - Syurtoye. Kwaye omnye komnye kwafuneka ukuba ugcine abahlali kwidolophu encinane ekuqaleni 1970.

esebenzayo kakhulu

Ngubani kubhekwa mlilo Eyjafjallajökull kakhulu esebenzayo. umsebenzi wayo yaqala ngo-2010, i-March ebusuku. Emva koko, abaninzi sele esazi ngayo intlekele esondelayo, njengoko iqatshelwe ekupheleni kuka-2009 i-ziintshukumo zenyikima. Kwinyanga ngaphambi kokuba dubulo bakwazi ukubona intshukumo kolu qweqwe lomhlaba. Kwaye ekuqaleni Matshi akwazi ukufaka iingcangcazela ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu ngosuku.

Ezihambayo yaqalisa ukunyibilika ngokukhawuleza, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba kuthuthwe kubahlali zokuhlala ezikufutshane. Lo moya kwakhona kwafuneka ukuba uvalwe ngexesha dubulo. Kusuku ngaphambi kokuba uqalile okanye ipoti ye-mlilo yaqala iingcangcazela ezoyikekayo komhlaba esondela komhlaba. Kuqhuma yaqala ngoMatshi 20 ngokuhlwa. Emva koko, kwenye inxalenye glacier ndichithe. Ekuqaleni, ilifu wavuka sekhilomitha ukuphakama, kodwa izixa ezikhulu wentaba mbaleko.

Kamva, emva kweentsuku nje ezimbalwa, amanzi ungena kulo mngxuma, nto leyo eye yakhokelela ekubeni-dubulo nokwandisa umsebenzi mlilo umphunga. Ngosuku lokugqibela lwenyanga kwakukho omnye lekhefu, naphambi April 5th mlilo leyo, lahlanza mlilo kwi zombini ubude kuqhuma km 0.3 no 0.5.

Sele phakathi ku-Epreli, kwakhona kwafuneka ukuba kuthuthwe abemi, ukusukela waqalisa kuqhuma yesibini. Emva koko ash wavusa umoya ngenxa kwiikhilomitha ezingama-8, kanti sibange waba sele iikhilomitha 2 ubude. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva ikholam wentaba rose ngokongezelelweyo km 5 umsinga, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba ukubetha stratosphere.

EYurophu, kakhulu, waba lixhoba umsebenzi onjalo ingxilimbela umlilo-ukuphefumla. amazwe April 15 wabubhangisa ngaphezulu kwe-5 amawaka moya. Denmark kunye UK Bayawacima moya zabo. Ukongeza ilahleko yemali, iintloko amaninzi karhulumente Ababa nako ukufumana ePoland kumngcwabo mongameli.

Ice njengekhadi lebhizinisi

Iceland kwakungayi kuba 'ice lizwe ", ukuba main yawo - umkhenkce. Area Iceland amawaka. Km2 wamnika ngaphezu kwama-11% yezi ezakhiwe zendalo. Ukongeza, umkhenkce kuchaphazela kakhulu imozulu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana zonke siqithi, kwaye, kakade, xa landscape yayo.

Ngaphezulu kwama-11 ophosa isikweri lonke Iceland wathabatha ezi enkulu "Ingqele Intaba." Phantse wonke omnye wabo wazifihla phantsi mlilo, ngaloo ndlela engozini bonke abantu. Into yokuba ezenzeka ngaphakathi iinkqubo Ingquzu yeSanti akhokelela izikhukhula. Ukuba mlilo uqala ukuvakalisa ngenkuthalo ngokwabo, kukho amathuba dubulo ngaphantsi-ice kwamanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba mlilo elide.

Uninzi umkhenkce ukuba ibekwe ngaphakathi siqithi. I inkulu kubo ine indawo abangaphezu kwama-8 macala onke. M. km. Kanye kule ndawo kwaye na indawo eliphezulu siqithi -. 2109 m Zonke ezinye zomkhenkce zincinane kakhulu.

izithuba amanzi

Ukongeza ngumkhenkce, kwisiqithi kukho amanzi sikarhulumente engamanzi. Kukho imilambo ezininzi ndakubumba ngenxa imvula rhoqo. Nangona ukuba zinkulu ngokwaneleyo, azikho zisetyenziswa kwindlela yothutho. Oku kungenxa yokuba utshintsho rhoqo kubume ziitectonic plates kukhokelela ukutshintsha kwemali kunye elinazibini eziziintsali kwemali.

Kukho kwakhona ichibi elihle elikhulu. Edume kakhulu phakathi kwabo Þingvallavatn kunye Þórisvatn. Eyokuqala ine indawo ezikwere zeekhilomitha 84 nencopho zinzulu ayi-114. Ngenxa yokuba ukuba umzimba ongowemvelo amanzi, idike ezaziwugadile loo National Park. Kodwa Þórisvatn - agcina Iceland. indawo wayo 88 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Eli chibi wadalwa kwidama ukuze umbane. Hi ndlela leyi, kuyaphawuleka ukuba, xa Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iziqithi amadama Þórisvatn abe umbala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo.

izityalo

Ngenxa utyani lizwe imbi kakhulu. Siyayazi ukuba indawo ye Iceland, siyazi inani komkhenkce kwi siqithi. Of yonke indawo ikota kuphela siqithi ligutyungelwe ngobunono. Konke oku edibene phantsi. It is a yezimbiwa ngenxa zomkhenkce kunye nohlobo loess. Kodwa imbali lubonisa ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-1000 eyadlulayo ummandla isiqithi yambathiswa esithathwini-izityalo.

Ngokomthetho imifino moss kuphela kunye nengca ikhula apha. Nkqu izityalo enemithi eziye ngaphambili ahlala-1% yommandla, ngoku iye yaphela. Ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukubona ezinde kujikwa ngenxa imimoya ngasentla. Kule mizi, ngoku imithi ngakumbi, ingakumbi Conifers, ukuba eyenziweyo skewer abahlali.

Njengoko sele ukwazi, Iceland indawo ka-103 lamawaka macala onke. M. km. Khawube kubo abaninzi kangangoko-10% - eyona emasimini mlilo. 60% luthathe kombambi webhola enamatye, evumela kuphela moss ukukhula kunye ulele. Ngoko ke, ngokuba lingamahlathi ezinde grass lubeka phantse namnye.

Izilwanyana badle?

Yonke into ezihambelanayo. Flora ngaphandle zezilo fauna awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle izihluma. Ngenxa izityalo ezincinane ohluphekayo nokwakhiwa kweentlobo yehlabathi isilwanyana. Nokuba 1000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo, wahlangatyezwa impungutye kuphela. Towards kwinkulungwane yama-19 apha ngenkani yeqondo adle. Kwakhona abantu abalungileyo ngokungenamkhethe woziswa siqithi-uhlobo iimpuku, iimpuku, iimpuku kunye ngoboya.

Ngenxa iintaka nempilo ngcono. Bona apha malunga nama-80 iintlobo. Phakathi kwazo bayazazi kuthi weentaka, amadada amadada. Hi ndlela leyi, undwendwe osetyenziswe kweli chibi trout emlanjeni kodwa ukubamba salmon. Xa sisiya kummandla wonxweme, unako nokuba ukufumana isibini zamanzi kunye neentlobo whale. Kodwa kwiindawo zokuxheshisela omiweyo yi malunga 66 iintlobo zeentlanzi, ezinye ezo amazwe ebalulekileyo kumazwe angaphandle: halibut, bass ulwandle, cod kunye Shrimp.

fish ngaphezulu

Area Iceland kunye nemimandla yonxweme yawo isuke yi imveliso enkulu kwamanye amazwe. Kakade ke, ukuloba kunye nokulungiswa, hayi nje wanika ingeniso ukongeza kwinani labemi, kodwa wenza isiqithi omnye abathumela ezinkulu. Ngenxa ukuloba-12% yabantu Iceland kaThixo uqeshiwe kolu shishino. Kwaye ke imveliso yi-70% yabo imveliso kumazwe angaphandle.

fish Popular ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku May na cod, herring sitsala ubuntshatsheli ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuba i-North Atlantic uphethwe ukunqongophala olu hlobo ntlanzi, kwakukho imfuneko capelin kunye saithe.

Reykjavik uye waba yindawo apho lusekiwe cod processing. Kodwa herring baxoxa Siglyufordyur. Apha ke hlulwa ibe fish oil kunye isidlo. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, Iceland ababenengxaki iminenga sizibambe, waza wavuma unqunyanyiso. Kodwa kamva urhulumente wavumela ukuba ngcathu whaling.

Yintoni ukuthenga nokuthengisa?

Ukuze lezimali, ilizwe ngalinye kufuneka ngaphandle impahla inawo eninzi. Ngenxa yoko, 70% yazo kumazwe angaphandle, njengokuba sele kukhankanyiwe, i intlanzi. Amanye amalungu ipesenti - kukho iimveliso zezolimo kunye ezinye izimbiwa. I "abathengi 'iphambili kurhulumente kunokuba mazithathwe eJamani England. Kwakhona jonga Iceland eNetherlands, i-USA, Spain kunye nabanye.

Kodwa njengoko imveliso kumazwe angaphandle kwi-siqithi wazisa izixhobo kunye neemveliso, ezinye iimveliso zokutya, amaxesha amaninzi imifuno kunye neziqhamo, kunye namalaphu. Ngale ndlela, "ilizwe Kulele" sele Ngokubambisana eUnited States Germany.

anika umdla

Nangona, yintoni ummandla Iceland, eli lizwe ubukhulu becala ingxelo. Reykjavik - elikomkhulu kakhulu lasemantla ehlabathini. Ngokwayo Iceland - kuba yeyona siqithi sikhulu, uzalelwa kubulelwe mlilo.

Kweli lizwe kukho neentshatsheli embalwa, umzekelo, Hekla (mlilo) kunye Vatnaokul (glacier) - oku iindawo ezinkulu zendalo eYurophu. Oku kuquka Ingxangxasi Icelandic ukuba ukuphakama kuyimitha-40 kunye ububanzi 100, oko phakathi yaseYurophu "aqukuqela amanzi" unamandla kakhulu.

Interesting ibali, kunye namagama abantu balapha. Bona abemi siqithi akunjalo. Ekuzalweni, umntwana anikwe igama, yaye igama chuck okanye matronym ongezwe. Ukuba igama likayise ezibuhlungu, unyana ka igama lakhe liya kuba Grimsson (unyana elibuhlungu), njengoko kunjalo kwi-uMongameli Iceland Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson. Ukuba intombazana wazalwa, igama lakhe engavakala Grimdottir (intombi Grima).

Kodwa kwilizwe apho abo bafumene igama labo ngoko-10%. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abo basuka kwelinye ilizwe. Xa sijonga lo mthetho, igama labo uya evela kubazali abantwana. Phakathi aba bantu ukwazi ukuhlangabezana yaye abantu balapha, bamkela igama ngezizathu yomthetho.

Ngenkulungwane yokugqibela, Iceland iye iqela kwi-European Economic Area. Kodwa ke ngo-2015, wala ukuzibandakanya European Union.

Indawo yase-Iceland eYurophu inendawo ye-17 kuphela. Le nyaniso yahlasela lonke ilizwekazi emva kokuba i-Iceland ikwazi ukudlulela kwii-quarterfinals kwi-Euro-2016 kwaye, nangona amanqaku atyhidiweyo evela kwimikhosi yaseFransi, ngokuzikhuselayo yavikela inkcubeko yelizwe layo elincinci nelincinci.

Kubakhenkethi kwiphepha

Indawo yase-Iceland kunye nendawo yayo yabangelwa ukungazinzi kwimozulu kunye nemithetho ecacileyo kwimeko.

Ukuba ukhetha ukuhamba uhambo ekuhloliseni intsimi, zilungele ukuba kufuneka ujongane nemozulu eguqukayo. Kwenzeka njalo ukuba ngoMeyi ikhephu ayifuni ukuhla, ngoxa i-thaw can ihlala kude ngoDisemba. Ukuba abemi belizwe baxolelanise kunye nesiseko, ke ngoko kubakhenkethi kuya kuba yingxaki. Ngoko ke, i-Iceland kufuneka ikulungiselele ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba awunaso ixesha lokucwangcisa ukulala kwakho ebusuku, kukho iindawo ezisekhompilweni ezixhomekeke ngokukhethekileyo kwilizwe, apho ulala kunye nentente yakho kuya kukuhlawula iidola eziyi-2-3 ubusuku bonke. Ukuba ukhethe indawo engagunyazisiweyo okanye ugqibe ukufudumala ngomlilo, zilungele ukuhlawulwa kwemali enkulu.

Kukho nokuba kukho iingxaki kunye nelahla. Ingqondo yabatyeleli incike kwilizwe labo. Akunabo bonke abajonga ngokucokisekileyo ukucoceka kwezitalato, ngoko abantu abavela kwiindawo ezinjalo bahlala belibale ukuba ba tyelele. I-Iceland iyinyameko nje kuphela kulabo abalahla izitrato, kodwa nakwabo baqhawula imithi baze bawaphule amagatsha. Kukwavunyelwa ukuba intlanzi, ukuba urhulumente akanikanga imvume yokwenza njalo.

Ukuhamba ngeemoto kuya kubangela ingxaki xa unquma ukucima indlela eya kwenye indawo, enqatshelwe nakwiqithi.

Kwamazwe aseCIS ahlala engekho iindiza eziya ngqo kwiReykjavik. Ngako oko, kunokwenzeka ukuba kufuneka uhambe kuqala kwiinqununu zaseDenmark, eSweden, eNorway okanye eFinland, kwaye ukusuka apho akuyi kuba nzima ukuza e-Iceland. Ixabiso letikiti lingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumyinge wokutshintshiselana kwemali, kodwa ngokwemyinge i-$ 1000 ngandlela-thile.