Ziziphi iiGauls eRoma lasendulo?

Ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iindawo eziqhelekileyo, zanele ukubuyela kwimbali yasendulo yaseYurophu. Ezi zizwe zazihlala kwintsimi yeFransi yanamhlanje kwi-V-I ikhulu leminyaka. BC. E. Ngokwemvelaphi, beyi-Celts, eyayinobudlelwane kunye nabaphathi beBritani ne-Ireland. AmaGauls anqotshwa ngamaRoma, okanye kunjengoJulius Caesar. Emva koko baqala ukuthandana baze balahlekelwa ingcambu.

Umvelaphi

AmaCelt - yiyiphi i-galls enokubanzi kwintlanga yabo. Ukuba yinxalenye yenkcubeko yesihedeni eqhelekileyo yaseYurophu esenyakatho yeRoma, babe nezo zonke iziganeko zeli qela. Ama-Gauls njengabantu babunjwa kwi-7 leminyaka BC. E. Kwimimandla phakathi kweRhin ne-Upper Danube. Kancinci bafudukela entshonalanga bahlala kwiFransi yanamhlanje.

Ngekhulu le-IV BC. E. AmaGauls athabathe iiprojekthi ezinoburhaxu kunye nabamelwane babo. Ngo-397 BC. E. Bahlasele i-Etruscans ababehlala kumanxweme eMlambo iPo, kwaye ngo-390 BC. E. Nangona ahlaselwa iRoma, nangona kunjalo, iinzame zabo zokubamba isixeko zaphela ngokungafezeki. Umququzeleli kunye nomkhuthazi wale phulo eItali yiyona nkokeli uBrenn.

Iintyatyambo kunye neNkunkuma

Empuma, indawo yokuhlala kwala mahedeni yafikelela eBohemia naseDanube. Kwikhulu le-III BC. E. Balwa neMakedoni, bathathaka emva kweembambano zemfazwe. Ziziphi iiGauls? Kwakhona banamagugu abalulekileyo. Iinkonzo zabo zisetyenziswe ngumlawuli weCarthaginian uHannibal, owalwela iminyaka emininzi neRiphabhlikhi yaseRoma. AmaGauls adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimpumelelo yomkhosi wePunic kwi- Battle of Cannes ngo-216 BC. E.

Umhla weli qela lezizwe wafika kwi-III leminyaka BC. E. Kwimemo yeRhuluneli yaseBithynia Nycomed, ndiyinxalenye yamaGauls ndaze ndafudukela e-Asia Minor. Apho baziwa ngokuba ngama-biscuits, awamisela ilizwe elitsha, elibizwa ngokuba yiGalatiya. Ngekhulu lama-2 BC. E. Ama-Celt aqala ukuxhatshazwa kwabamelwane. Ekupheleni kweli nkulungwane, amaGauls ahlaselwa kabini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaRoma ekugqibeleni anqoba iFransi yasemazantsi eFransi. Kuye kwakha isifundazwe esitsha seRiphabliki saseNarbonne Gaul. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izizwe zesiJalimane (iTeutons neCimbri) zahlasela iiCelt, zisuka ngasentla nangempuma. Bawachitha iGaul. Kancinci, amaCelt axoshwa e-Central Europe naseJamani.

Romanization

Abafayo kwiiGauls bekukutshatyalaliswa kwimfazwe ngokumelene namaRoma kwi-59-51 gg. BC. E. Umkhosi weRiphabhliki wanikwa umthetho nguJulius Caesar. Umlawuli wawunqoba yonke iGaul waza wenza inxalenye yombuso omnye. Enyanisweni, uKesare wayesazi ukuba kwakungekho mfuneko yokukhawuleza ngokuphumelela kokugqibela. Okokuqala, iGaul ayizange ibe yiphondo laseRoma ngokukhawuleza. Okwesibini, malunga neyesithathu kwezizwe zanikwa i-alliance ye-republic okanye abantu abakhululekile. Yiyiphi i-Gauls eRoma yakudala.

Inkqubo yokuthandana kwabo yancinci. Ukongezelela, urhulumente ophakathi wenza iintlawulo eziphantsi kakhulu kunye nemisebenzi yempi yamaGauls. Oku kwenziwa ukwenzela ukukholisa iiCelt kunye nokukhusela ukuvukela. Kodwa abo babengenelisekanga ngombuso wamaRoma babekho. Ngenkulungwane yokuqala, ukuphazamiseka okuqela kwavela kwiGaul. Enyanisweni, bahlelwe ngamacandelo amancinci abantu, okanye ngabahlaseli behlazo kwaye babengenalo udidi lwesizwe jikelele. Ulwimi lwaseGallic lwafa ekupheleni kwekhulu lesithandathu. Kwathatyathwa yiLatin yesiXhosa, eyayiba ngumqhubi weFrentshi wamanje.

Ubukhoboka kwiGauls

Ukuzama ukuphendula umbuzo, obani abaGauls, kubalulekile ukuba bajonge isakhiwo sentlalo yabo. Njengabantu abaninzi basendulo, bahlukana baba ngabantu abakhululekile kunye namakhoboka. Isikhundla sabo sasifana nesobukhoboka beMeditera. Namhlanje, ubuninzi bezinto eziyimfuneko malunga neendleko ziqulethwe kumanqaku omnqobi wabo uJulius Caesar. Kubalulekile ukuba akazange achaze ubudlelwane bamakhaya abahlala kumahhala kunye namakhoboka, kuba le miyalelo yayifana nabaseRoma.

Xa lo mkhulu wafa , amakhoboka akhe atshiswa ngcwabeni elitsha. Amakhoboka ala bantu ayenabantu abambalwa, kuba babedelela inkoliso yabo imfazwe kubomi bobuhedeni, okokuba beyona iqela eliphambili apho bathathwa khona amakhoboka amatsha.

Yazi kunye nehlwempu

Inkululeko yabantu baseGaul yahlula yaba ngamaqela amathathu: i-Druids (ababingeleli), iinduna kunye nabahlali. Ngaloo nto kwiindawo ezingezantsi zoluntu kwakungekho ndawo ephakathi. Uluntu lwalube lukhulu kakhulu kwintlalontle yawo. Inzuzo kuphela yabantu abahluphekileyo belihlwempu. Ngaphandle koko imeko yabo yashiya into enqwenelekayo.

Ngoobani abaGauls ngohlanga? BabengamaCelts, imiyalelo yabo yesizwe yayinjalo ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo babenempembelelo encinci kwimicimbi karhulumente, ngokungafani namaRoma afanayo, apho kwakukho amaziko enkululeko yedemokhrasi. Akwazanga ukukhusela imfuno yabo abaqhelekileyo beya kukhuseleko kumntu ohloniphekileyo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo bawela ebukhosini.

Kulo nyathelo inqabileyo inokutshoxisa amatyala, ubunzima beerhafu, kunye nokuhlukunyezwa kwamanye amazwe. Abantu abaqhelekileyo abaqhelekileyo bangaba ngamakhoboka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphakama kwentlalontle kuye kwavulwa rhoqo phambi kwabo ngendlela yezempi. Ixabiso kunye neqhawe livame ukuvunyelwa ukuba liphinde lifumane inkululeko, kodwa nokuba liyinxalenye yobukhosi. Abantu balawulwa yinkokheli, kunye nebhunga elibandakanya abameli beenkcubeko ezidumileyo kunye neempembelelo.

Umkhosi wamaGauls

Isiseko somkhosi waseGallic sasinamahashe. AmaCelt ayenqaba ukusebenzisa iinqwelo. Inkonzo kumahhashi ayeyinto ehloniphekileyo, kwaphela malungu ahlala kuluntu. Ukuzama ukuchaza ukuba ngubani na amaGaul neThracians, kunye nabanye abantu bexesha elidlulileyo, iimbali-mlando zidla ngokuya kuhlalutyo lomkhosi. Yimbutho ebunjiweyo. Isicatshulwa samathandabuzo samahhashi sasihlasela ngokukhawuleza. Iintshaba zazihlala zingenakukwazi ukumela uxinzelelo olunobungane kwaye lwabaleka.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba i-infantry yamaGaul ngezinye izihlandlo yayilwa kwanesandla ngesandla. Ekuvalweni okufutshane, kwakukho ikhuselo ezandleni zakhe ezazigcinwe ngaphezu kwentloko kunye nokwakhiwa okuqinileyo ngexesha lokuhlaselwa nokuhlaselwa. Ziziphi iiGauls kwaye zihlala kuphi? Imizi yabo yahlakazeka kulo lonke elaseFransi neBelgium. Xa abantu basekuhlaleni behlanganisene neemfazwe ezinkulu (umzekelo, xa kwenzeka ukuhlaselwa kwabaseRoma), kungekhona kuphela abameli beendawo ezihlukeneyo kunye neentlalo zentlalo babonakala emkhosini, kodwa nabo bantu babecala kwezobugcisa. Njengomthetho, umkhosi wawungaphezulu kwaye kwakunyanzelekile ukuba usebenzise iindawo zokugcina amanzi, ubuncinci bezobuchwephesha.

Kubonakala

Ukungabikho kolwazi oluchanekileyo kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni inkcubeko yanamhlanje iye yakha umfanekiso oqhelekileyo owamkelekileyo, ongekho rhoqo uhambelana nenyaniso yembali. Ngokomzekelo, aba bahedeni (ukusuka kwi-Middle Ages) baboniswa njengabade, abantu abanezinwele ezimhlophe. Le miqondiso ibonakalayo kubo bonke abasentla baseYurophu. Ngale miba, amaJamani kunye namaScandinavi anxulumene nazo.

Kodwa ngubani amaGauls kwaye bafana njani na? I-Bone ihlala, ifunyanwa ngabavubukuli kwiindawo zokupaka, ibonisa ukuba umzimba wabo wakha wahluke kakhulu. AmaGauls awazange aphakame kunye neenwele. Ngelo xesha, abalobi basendulo baqaphela umkhwa wabo oqhelekileyo wokubeka iliso ngononophelo lwabo.

Ngokwenene, iiGauls zazigqoka iinwele ezinde (kuquka namadoda), awahlamba ngamanzi enqabileyo (apho, ngendlela eya kukhokelela ekukhanyeni ngokuthe ngcembe kwentloko yeva). Baye bathanda zonke iintlobo zeendvuvu kunye nama-mascita. Izixhobo zazincedisi ezifana neengceke kunye nobuhlalu. Izicathulo zamaGauls zazingxenyeni zokhuni. Iingubo zasebenza kwaye zomeleleka, njengoko aba bhedeni babe nekhono lobuchule bokuveliswa kwemveliso.

Inkolo

Ukuqonda indawo yendalo engekho ebantwini beeNtlanga kunceda ukuqonda ukuba ngubani amaGauls. Ubomi kunye nenkolo yabantu babesondelelene. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokholo lwamaGauls yayiyinkolelo yendalo. Imithi, amahlathi, izityalo zemilingo zazinqule. AmaCelt ayekhulekela amanzi - imithombo, imilambo, amachibi, imilambo kunye nolwandle. AmaGauls ayekholelwa ekukholeni kwemithombo yamachiza kwaye yaqwalasela le ndawo, efihliwe kwiindawo ezinzulu zehlathi, ezingcwele.

Ngubani na amaGaul eRoma yakudala kunye nalapho ahlala khona, izazi-mlando zanamhlanje ziyazi kuphela kwiinkcukacha ezihlukileyo. Kuyafana nenkolo. Ulwazi lweenkolelo ludluliselwa phakathi kwamaGauls ngokubaliswa komlomo. Ngoko ke, emva kokufa kwempucuko, akukho mithombo ebhaliweyo malunga nenkolo yala mahedeni.

Druids

Ifa lababingeleli bamaGauls lahluke ngokungafani, njengabantu abaninzi basendulo. Nangona kunjalo, ababingeleli babenempawu zabo. Okokuqala, isihloko sabo asizange sizuze ilifa, kwakudinga ukufumana ulwazi olunzulu ngokholo lwabo. Okwesibini, i-Druids ayingabingeleli kuphela. Benza imisebenzi yabagwebi, abagulayo kunye neenkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi.

Kwimihango yabo yokubambisa ababingeleli basebenzisa i-mistletoe. Kwakukholelwa ukuba le shrub ineempawu zobugqi. I-mistletoe yayisetyenziswa kwiyeza, kunye nokudweba amaxabiso kunye nokuqikelela ikusasa. AmaDruids enza umnikelo. Ngeemigubho enjalo, "umntu wicker" wenziwa - iseli ngendlela yomzimba apho abantu babekwe khona, babulawa ngenxa yeenjongo zesithethe. Olu lwakhiwo lwenziwa kwintonga ye-willow. Ngokuthakazelisayo, iiDruids nazo zazingabikho.