Izizwe Ancient zaseJamani

izizwe zaseJamani - ukuyilwa aba bantu uhlanga awayengabemi inxalenye esemntla kwaye ngundoqo ilizwekazi laseYurophu ukusuka BC yokuqala yeminyaka

indaba

Imvelaphi amaJamani Indo-European unetyala zezizwe ezibe kumiwa kumantla Yurophu. Xa BC yokuqala yeminyaka baba kumbutho ozimeleyo yobuhlanga. Ngeli xesha, izizwe zaseJamani aqalile iya ku kwiindawo asebumelwaneni, apho ngawo. Ngowe-III BC leminyaka. e. ukuba zikufutshane kakhulu kwemida uBukhosi baseRoma aze aqalise ukuba zingenelele endaweni yayo. Ezi kuphangwa kwenzeka de AD kwekhulu V nalapho iphela khona nge ukoyiswa ngokupheleleyo Huns, enye kwezi emphaya zinamandla kwimbali yethu.

Ukoyisa intsimi, izizwe zaseJamani ihlanganiswe kunye nabantu bomthonyama, leyo kakhulu aphezulu kwaye ngenxa yoko kwakukho amaqela eentlanga ezifana amaNgesi, isiFrentshi, balwa kunye nezinye izizwe. Njengoko inani elikhulu inyaniso inzala amaJamani babe ngokuba Swedish kunye Danish.

Inkqubo kwezentlalo amaJamani amandulo

Ekuqaleni, izizwe yamandulo kule ndawo zilawulwa iinkokeli ababekhonza ngababingeleli abancedisayo kunye namadoda amakhulu. Koko wawagayela kumabutho omkhosi phantsi abangenawo (yabaKhululwa) kunye namakhoboka. Iinkokheli banyulwa kwintlanganiso yoluntu, kwaye wahlala ngeendleko amalungu esizwe (endleleni, phezu iminikelo yokuzithandela). Kuphela BC I leminyaka. e. lezizwe kukho ookumkani yahlukile kwiinkokheli basenokugqithisela amandla njengelifa.

izifundo

izizwe zamaJamani babehlala ikakhulu oko kusenziwa ngokudlela indlala ukuhlasela, yaye benza ukufuya iinkomo. Kwezolimo kunye yezandla ezahlukene yayintsha kubo. Kuba izixhobo zokulwa abayidingayo, ngoko ke amaJamani baye bafunda ukusebenza intsimbi, koko abaninzi baye baphumelela, njengoko ubungqina zembali. Bahlala ixesha elide kumakhaya, enqabeni-ezifana, kwaye, kunye nemfuyo.

uphuhliso lokubhala

Ukubhala baseJamani yamandulo - elishicilelwe phantsi neRunic ekuthiwa-, nesuka nesiko bengachani kwi amacwecwe ezikhethekileyo ngamaplanga. Kunzima kakhulu kuthi ingqiqo ngokubhala, kamva wanyamalala ngokuphelele.

iinkolelo

izizwe yamandulo zamaJamani baba nabahedeni, benza amadini, kuquka abantu. oothixo babo abaneminyaka eningayakhanga iicawe, kunye nababingeleli benza izithethe ezikhethekileyo okuvota phantsi kwezulu evulekileyo.

Ukuhlaselwa uBukhosi baseRoma

Xa izizwe amandulo zamaJamani baqala ukungena nzulu ilifa eRoma, baye benza imisebenzi yezandla ngempumelelo. Ngeli xesha, baye bafunda ukuba sifake kwaye bethunga iingubo, ezenziwe iingubo ngesikhumba nempahla ezahlukeneyo, waqala ukwenza izinto ngamaplanga nodongwe. Sekunjalo, imfazwe kubo wahlala umsebenzi oyinhloko. Ekuhambeni kwexesha yakhe spare, iimfazwe amaJamani Sizibandakanye kurhwebo kunye ngamaRoma.

trade

isizwe esiJamani, inxaxheba kurhwebo, efike baseRoma uBukhosi ulusu, iinkomo, uboya kunye kakhulu tsenivshiysya patricians amber waseRoma. Imbuyekezo, amaRoma akwazi ukuthenga izixhobo, igolide nesilivere, wayesebenzisa, iwayini kunye ngeqhiya. Trade wathabatha inxalenye encinane kakhulu kubudlelwane babo efanayo, ingakumbi yobumenemene babo ngoku kwi inxalenye bakhona, lowo amaRoma akazange alindele.

impi

Eyokuqala luhlaselo esibi emehlweni 113 BC benze isizwe nesiJamani i Teutons, ukusebenza umkhosi wamaRoma ngokuhlaselwa lwaseGaul, Noko ke, bagxothiwe kule iminyaka embalwa. Kamva, izizwe zaseJamani ngaphezu kanye wazisa kwiinkathazo abaseRoma, ukuya IV ngenkulungwane BC, xa izizwe abavela le Huns ahlasela uBukhosi baseRoma. Ngenxa yoko, yawa waqala ukufuduka ezinkulu eyaphela ngo sokonakalisa epheleleyo uBukhosi baseRoma kwi BC ngenkulungwane V. e. BaseJamani ngempumelelo awuthimba umhlaba waseRoma yaye ayila imeko yabo, yaye ubukhosi enkulu ayizange olwalumiselwe luzalwe.