Yintoni luminol? Njani luminol ekhaya

Ezinye izinto, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekudibaneni kwemichiza, kufuneka ubuchule ukuze kukhutshwe ukukhanya. Wonke usomachiza engahlawulwayo kanye wenza ulwelo eliqaqambileyo. Eli nqaku liza kuxoxwa ukuba luminol, ukupheka ekhaya.

Yintoni chemiluminescence?

abasabela abaninzi chemistry kwenzeka xa kuphuma amandla. Kuninzi amalinge, amandla yona ikhutshwa bubushushu. Xa indlela kwezisombululo kwealkali asidi zaye shushu ngako. Kukho iimeko apho amandla ngazo ngokwayo ngokohlobo yangoku yombane (umfuniselo iiseli electrochemical). Xa amandla ukutshiswa le reactants aguqulwa ukuba shushu kunye nokukhanya.

Kodwa kukho abasabela apho kwenzeka ukukhanya ungcoliseko, kodwa akukho ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba chemiluminescence. Owona mzekelo yacaca - abandayo phosphorus ukuvutha. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uninzi ekudibaneni kwemichiza ndimkhulule "ukukhanya" oxidized organic. Iioksidenti bakholisa ukubonisa ioksijini okanye hydrogen peroxide.

Kwindalo, kukho izinto ezininzi na kukhupha ukukhanya. Kodwa ke uninzi ngokuvutha endibufumeneyo buthathaka kakhulu kwaye andibhaqwa kuphela kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.

Ukuya chemiluminescence eqaqambileyo ezintle iyakwazi iqela elincinane ngokwentelekiso iikhompawundi eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo. Kule Imizekelo ezi zinto zilandelayo: luminol, siloxy, lofin, kwaye lyutsegenin difeniloksalat.

Yintoni luminol?

Luminol ukuba kuhlelwe eJamani ngowe-1902, kodwa igama lakhe ngempela kamva. It is a crystal omhlophe okanye omthubi ukukhanya in umbala, ezinyibilikayo organic izinyibilikisi polar lula. Emanzini, luminol na ezingenakunyibilika ngokupheleleyo.

Lo mba eziphilayo ikwazi yokukhulula ukukhanya xa kudityaniswe iperoksayidi yehidrojeni okanye nezinye iioksidenti. Xa ulwelo cala kwaye emuncu kancinane, phantsi ukukhanya UV, oko fluoresces ukukhanya-blue ukukhanya. Xa izisombululo awana (iperoksayidi yehidrojeni), apho inzuzo basabela phambi ehlanganisa - a phosphorus compound, iityuwa ezibengezelayo hemin kunye athwala - chweba wafumana elizele ngakumbi eliqaqambileyo.

Le nkqubo iqulathe izigaba ezibini. Acid itshiswe nge hydrazine kwi isinyibilikisi eziphilayo kunye abilayo ephakamileyo (3 ethylene-ethers). Le amafu kwenkqubo heterocyclic ifunyenwe-5-nitroftalilgidrazida. Le ephindeneyo lifinyele usebenzisa ammonium sulphide, apho ibunjiwe luminol. Izandla inokubuyiselwa zilungiswe njini kwilebhu ye-3-nitro-phthalic acid.

Apho ukusetyenziswa luminol

Le into uchaphazelekayo uyaxabana emangalisayo kunye nesinyithi, eyinxenye mpilo. Ngoko ke, lisetyenziswa kwi ochwepheshe ekuchongeni imizila zegazi yeminwe aseleyo kule ndawo. Luminol isetyenziswa izazinzulu ngexesha uphando ezahlukeneyo zebhayoloji ekufumanekeni intsimbi, ubhedu kunye benqanda.

Apho ukuthenga isisombululo luminol

iindleko luminol kakhulu eliphezulu. Kuyenzeka ukuba bajonge iiforam lwekhemikhali, iziseko ezizodwa okanye ezikhemisti. Ukuba awazi ukuba ukuthatha luminol, unako ukuthenga kwi "Galavit" ekhemesti, efumaneka emacwecweni, njengezingxobo kunye suppositories. A cwecwe 25 mg ye-sodium ityiwa luminol. 50 ml isisombululo 1% kufuneka iipilisi 20 (nokupaka). Amacwecwe ziqala ibe ngumgubo uze amanzi inokongezwa kuyo.

I liqaqambileyo ulwelo hydrogen peroxide

Kukho zokupheka for ulwelo olumenyezelayo ngcono. Kodwa isisombululo kakuhle kusetyenziswa luminol, kuba oko kunika ukukhanya anencasa soft elinombala. Phambi kokuba uqale, qiniseka ukuba ukukhusela iindawo ubuze kwithishyu oxineneyo umzimba, nasezandleni, anxibe iiglavu.

Lungisa luminol ekhaya classic (yokuqala) iresipi:

• Luminol - 2-3 grams.
• Water - 0.1 iilitha.
• A nesisombululo iperoksayidi yehidrojeni (3%) - 0.08 iilitha.
• soda abuhlungu - 0,01 litres.
• Bluestone - 3 grams.
• Iidayi (engange, akrelekrele eluhlaza okanye nayiphi na enye).
• Glassware (zaphatha okanye iingqayi).

ukulungiselela:

• Galela kwisikhongozeli zeglasi kunye nokongeza luminol amanzi. Ngokucokisekileyo ukuxuba ziikristale emanzini, ukuze wenze nkulu ngayo lichithakale.
• Ukuba isisombululo ngenxa kongezwa hydrogen peroxide.
• Ukubunjwa ngenxa ukudibanisa sulphate zezobhedu. Sulfate kungenziwa indawo chloride ferric okanye igazi ityuwa.
• Ukubunjwa yakutshanje ukuba uhlomele soda abuhlungu.
• Kwelo gumbi ukucima ukukhanya. Ukubunjwa ngenxa kufuneka enze ukukhanya okuqaqambileyo oluhlaza. Ukuba umbala owahlukileyo, ngoko nongeza isisombululo idayi efanelekileyo ezibengezelayo.

ukhetho Second:

• isisombululo luminol (3%) - 5 ml.
• Gidroperit (3%) - 10 ml.
• isepha lokuhlamba ngamanzi - 20 ml.
• potassium permanganate.
• Nayiphi kwijokhwe yakho yeglasi okanye embizeni.

Izigaba:

• Le container kugalela izisombululo luminol, isepha ibe luthuthu hydrogen peroxide.
• Ngobunono tipakani ziikristale ezimbalwa potassium permanganate kwaye udibanise kwi kuqamba iyonke.
• Ukuze ubone ukuba yintoni na luminol kwaye abonakalalise indlela iimpawu zayo, cima ukukhanya egumbini. Ulwelo ihlaba bugcwele omhle. Ukuba isisombululo ngamaxesha yabavuselelayo, lo alephuze amagwebu ehlwahlwazayo kubonakala phezu kwayo.

Amalungiselelo yesisombululo nge dimethyl sulfoxide

Okunye ngobuwena umdla ziya luminol igcwala yi oksijini umoya ngokwendlela Dimexidum eliphakathi. Chweba kwenzeka elilujongano kwecandelo longcoliseko lomoya namanzi.

kufuneka silungise nokwakheka:

• Luminol - 0,15 grams.
• Dimexidum (DMSO) - 30 ml.
• lye Dry - 35 grams.
• Nayiphi umbala ezibengezelayo.
• zokubhala High.

manqanaba:

• Ngokucokisekileyo ezixutywe igutyana dimexide, luminol kunye kwealkali.
• Isitya kokuvalelwa ibihleli enesiciko.
• Kwelo gumbi ukucima ukukhanya.
• Iselwa ke olova yazanyazanyiswa ukufumana bugcwele oluhlaza. Ukutshintsha umbala ukufaka umbala ezibengezelayo.
• Ukuba kukhanya ilahlekelwe nokubengezela kwawo, unako ukuyivula isiqulathi. On wokwamkelwa umoya ngaphakathi iselwa sisombululo kwakhona uba eliqaqambileyo igcwaliswe.

nokupheka Tips

kwealkali abaninzi isisombululo akunconywa ukudibanisa, kuba kunzima kakhulu ukuya ukunyibilika kwaye ejika ulwelo ibe isidudu zamafu. Ukurhoxiswa kwe luminol Dimexidum kunye kwealkali kunokugcinwa ixesha elide. Xa ukungeza ukukhanya oxidant iza kuba efanayo. ubude yayo ixhomekeke kwinani kunye gidroperita le luminol kwaye ukufikelela imizuzu engama-40. Kodwa i ngokugqithiseleyo of luminol ukuvutha iya ngokuncipha.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukukhanya chweba kunye ixesha iya kuxhomekeka kwindlela ekwakugquba ngayo luminol. izisombululo sobisi kakhulu kunika ukukhanya buthathaka kodwa elide. A ndzo elikhulu izinto enza nobumhlophe oluluqilima yonke isicombululo. umbala Ukukhanya ekungabonini okuluhlaza ukuya eluhlaza. Xa imixube bacebe equlethe enamanani amakhulu iityuwa igazi wafumana kukhanya eluhlaza.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba indawo luminol?

Kukho iimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela ulwelo ezikhanyayo ngaphandle luminol. Ukuze wenze oku, uthathe boric acid kunye amathontsi ambalwa fluorescein. Ezi izinto kufuneka ukuxuba nokushisa kwipleyiti yesinyithi. Lwelo ukuvutha ebumnyameni malunga okomzuzu.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na luminol, kungcono zama ukufumana ngokwakho. Njengoko isisho, ngcono ukubona kanye kunokuba ukuva izihlandlo ezilikhulu. Kodwa musa ukulibala ukuba naziphi na amalinge abandakanya intsebenziswano izinto zibe nerusi kwaye kuyingozi. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba bagcine ukhuseleko.