Ipotaziyam permanganate: iimpawu eziphambili iikhemikhali kunye indlela

Ipotaziyam permanganate e Latin ubizwa ngokuba Kalii permanganas. Ihlabathi nje potassium permanganate - netyuwa potassium kwi indlela manganese acid. Boonobumba KMnO. Qhagamshelana neefom kweziphilayo protein - albuminates, iminqweno umzimba kule ukusabela abadlulayo nokushisa, ukunitha, nokurhawuzela asekuhlaleni, lo gama iyabuphucula impiliso kunye nempahla deodorant kunye ikhubalo.

Ipotaziyam permanganate lalungiselela igcwala electrochemical of iikhompawundi manganese okanye ngokutshintsha isilinganiso zabo. Nazi ezinye abasabela ukuba potassium permanganate, lisetyenziswa kushishino kunye Pharmacology:

2MnO2 +3 Cl2 + 8KOH → 2KMnO4 + 6KCl + 4H2O

2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMnO4 + H2 ↑ + 2KOH.

Apha, njengokuba sibona, manganese, oxidized, yena waphendula chlorine kunye potassium neetyuwa ze iimolekyuli. Indlela abasabela bank lwesibini ngokubanzi esetyenziswa kwishishini, ekubeni endothermic potassium permanganate eveliswe electrolysis lo mxube.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo potassium permanganate

Xa inzululwazi le compound ukwabizwa ngokuba potassium permanganate, nto leyo a ziikristale granular kunye nefomu orthorhombic of umbala emnyama purple. Ifom potassium permanganate ziikristale abole kwiqondo lobushushu ubushushu 240 ° C nangaphezulu, ukwakha oxygen zazivelela. Oku kuboniswa basabela kulandelayo:

2KMnO4 = K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2.

Le into Ukuxinana 2,703 g / cc. Cube ubunzima izinyo of potassium permanganate - 158,03 g / Mol. Ukunyibilika iikhompawundi emanzini ixhomekeke xi kunye lobushushu yamanzi (data thaca kwiThebhile 1).

Itheyibhile 1. ukunyibilika potassium permanganate kwiqondo lobushushu ezahlukeneyo

Kuxhomekeka isixa ziikristale idityaniswe namanzi lobushushu ezahlukeneyo, isisombululo ngamnye kuya kufuneka ube nombala - ukusuka buthathaka, lisuke labuna magenta kwi enamandla lisezantsi ukuya nemfusa-violet - ngokubanzi. Okunye permanganate ziikristale izinyibilikisi potassium ezivelileyo acetone, ammonia kunye imethyl utywala.

Iipropati lwemichiza potassium permanganate

Iziyobisi "permanganate potassium" i-arhente noko womelele oxidizing. Kuxhomekeka pH medium esisebenza ngayo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo izinto licuthwa ukuba manganese xa iikhompawundi Isibalo eyahlukeneyo izidanga ze igcwala. Umzekelo, kwimeko asidi - II, kuba ialakalin - to VI, kwindawo eliphakathi cala, ngokulandelelana - to IV.

Odibana ukuzikisa sulphuric acid, potassium permanganate, iipropati yemichiza abonisa igcwala edala Iyadubula, zize zikhuphe ioksijini xa itshiswa - Le ndlela lisetyenziswa kwimveliso O2 kushishino.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe potassium permanganate

Kwimveliso kwilebhu mihla permanganate potassium kuthunyelwa kuyondelelaniswe eziphilayo njengoko oxidant. Isisombululo awana iyasebenza zokucoca bamafutha. Popular and enemisebenzi isicelo ka 0.1% isisombululo amayeza kwi unyango amanxeba, ngamanzi, kwamagciwane, zazihamba ityhefu. Kwiikhemesti musa ukuvumela le nto, kuba uhlengiso-Ofisi yoMphathiswa, oko ihlelwa ku bungozi dubulo. Kodwa ungafumana potassium permanganate ezivenkileni ngokulima apho kuthengiswa nje isichumiso.