Ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi abatsha: inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo, amaxwebhu

Umthetho ngoku ubonelela imithetho ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko labour abantwana nabafikisayo. I-TC, ingakumbi, kukho iqela awuyomiqathango elawula ingqesho komsebenzi engephi. Inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo yobhaliso kwi urhulumente ubonelela iziganeko ezahlukeneyo ayikokubambana ngendlela. Ezi nkcukacha ezi zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Cinga ngakumbi indlela ekuqeshweni komsebenzi engephi.

isici zomthetho

Ngokungqinelana ne-International yomnqophiso ka-1966 malunga namalungelo enkcubeko, ezentlalo kunye nezoqoqosho, isimo nganye kufuneka ubeke imida ubudala ngezantsi ezithintelwe usebenzisa yabasebenzi ehlawulwa umntwana. Kwimeko olwaphula le mida kufuneka sibandakanye butyala umqeshi. Ukongeza, izohlwayo kufuneka kusekwa ukusetyenziswa kokusebenza kwabantwana enobungozi okanye eyingozi neemeko zempilo kunye zokuphila. ERashiya, kukho imimiselo eyahlukeneyo ekhusela amalungelo abantwana. inkqubo karhulumente xa ewonke ijolise ekunikeni kolu didi labemi ingqinisekiso nokunceda abo basweleyo yengqesho. Umzekelo, kwi imimiselo ilawulwa yi-nkqubo, njengoko kuyo ukuba ingqesho abantwana abaneminyaka 14-18. Ukongeza, lo Mthetho ubonelela engqesho abemi iminyaka 18-20, abo baphumeleleyo zamaziko emfundo yoqeqesho zaseprayimari nasesekondari. ukhuselo loluntu icandelo ekuthethwa ikhutshwa phandle ngokwazisa quotas imisebenzi. Oku kuzinza zobuciko. 11, n. 2 FZ № 124.

izithintelo

UMthetho olawula kunokuba ngqo le nkqubo, njengoko awayenzayo ukuqeshwa umsebenzi engephi. Step by iinkqubo benyathelo iqela elithile ngalinye icaciswe TC. imithetho Common zimiselwa ubugcisa. 63. Xa ngokungqinelana nemigqaliselo yawo, ukuze onke amashishini, ukongeza eziyingozi kwaye iyingozi, livumelekile ukuba basebenze umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka engama-16. Kunye nale mthetho inika inani ngemibandela bangabhalisela phantsi kwayo kwi iingcali karhulumente kunye abaselula kakhulu.

SanPin

Ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yococeko epidemiological Akuvumelekanga yokwamkela umsebenzi umntwana eneminyaka engama-17 nangaphantsi imveliso eyingozi kwaye kuyingozi. Le mfuneko inyanzelekile ukuba yonke imibutho, kwaye ngabantu abasebenzisa umsebenzi kubantu abatsha kunye bahlele uqeqesho lwabo, nokuba baxhasa eliphi na, uhlobo lomsebenzi yezoqoqosho, ubume besebe kunye zomthetho, uhlobo ubumnini. Ngoko, ke wakhanyela ukwamkelwa umsebenzi umntwana eneminyaka engama-17 ubudala okanye ngaphantsi, ukuba umsebenzi kuya kwenziwa:

• Xa iimeko eziyingozi / ezinobungozi.
• Komhlaba.
• Iimeko ezinokuchaphazela kakubi impilo kunye nophuhliso yokuziphatha elivisayo: in kwimijuxuzo nemivalo, izithuba ukungcakaza.

Kwakhona, aba bantu baselula abakwazi ukuthatha umsebenzi xa sibandakanya urhwebo, ukuthuthwa, ukuveliswa iziselo ezinxilisayo, iziyobisi okanye ezinye izinto eziyityhefu, iimveliso zecuba.

izithintelo ezongezelelweyo

Kweminyaka akuvumelekile yolwamkelo:

1. Inkonzo yoluntu.
2. Kwiinkonzo zohlangulo kunye nokusekwa zobungcali njengoko abahlanguli.
3. Kwiinkonzo zokhuseleko.
4. Kwezinye imibutho, apho ukuvalwa ezichaphazelekayo zisetwa ngezenzo zasekuhlaleni (inkcazelo yomsebenzi, kunye nezinye PTB). Ngokomzekelo, ukuba nokuqashwa kwabasebenzi abatsha eyi 14 isekisi. Noko ke, senze emoyeni moya kuphela ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

ngezigaba

Kumthetho wembambano abantwana bohlulwa ngokweendidi ezimbini:

1. Ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka eli-14. Ezi abemi zithathwa ukuba senze yi-Code Civil.
2. iminyaka 14-18 ubudala - abantwana.

Kwakhona, ulwahlulohlulo ikhutshwa phandle kwinqanaba lemfundo:

1. Abafundi ngaphakathi.
2. Ngokusemthethweni bayeke ukufunda nokufumana uqeqesho umntu engekho.
3. Imfundo aphakamileyo, abafundi ngohlobo yokungaphangeli yokuvota, okanye sishiye uqeqesho.

Ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi abatsha: amaxwebhu

Package kwamaphepha ukuba kufuneka unikezele kumqeshi, iya kuxhomekeka apho iqela ibandakanya ummi. Ngoko ke, lo sicelo oneminyaka eli-14 ubudala kufuneka angenise isicelo. Umthetho ayithethi kubekwe, ukugqitywa kwalo phepha, kodwa xa kusenziwa isetyenziswa kakhulu rhoqo. Ngaphezu koko, kungakuhle kakhulu ukuba esi sicelo xa kuthe ingxabano yomsebenzi. Le CC ubonelela ukuba igama umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18, zonke iintengiselwano ezenziwa ngabazali. Lo mgaqo ukwasebenza neemvumelwano zengqesho. Ngaloo ndlela, egameni abazali elivisayo ebhaliweyo ingxelo, njengoko apho iya kuba ekuqeshweni komsebenzi engephi. Inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo yokongeza umsebenzi omtsha kurhulumente kwakhona ibonelela iimviwo umyalelo lokuqala lonyango, iziphumo elikhuphe nencwadi kagqirha. Olu phepha kufuneka inikwe umqeshi. Xa ndiqukumbela, kufuneka abonise ukuba impilo elivisayo ingqinelana ukuba imisebenzi ekufuneka yenziwe ngabo kwishishini. Umqeshi kufuneka kwakhona banike:

1. imvume ebhaliweyo yokuba umzali (umgcini). Lubonakaliswa kwifomu simahla kwaye zithunyelwe yintloko lweshishini.
2. Certificate of Education, kukho uqeqesho olulodwa (ulwazi), izakhono.
3. Isisombululo Authority ukugada nokugcinwa. Kolu xwebhu, ubude obuvumelekileyo zomsebenzi kunye nezinye iimeko eziyimfuneko kufuneka zicaciswe. Njengesiseko ukubhala iphepha likhuthaza unyango ngabazali okanye umqeshi.
4. irekhodi Umsebenzi (ukuba zikhona).
5. St. lokuzalwa / ipaspoti.
6. Isiqinisekiso-inshorensi (ukuba zikhona).

Ukuqeshwa kwabasebenzi abatsha: inyathelo ngalinye lenkqubo

Zonke izenzo esingokupheliswa isivumelwano sengqesho kwenziwa hayi elivisayo kunye nabazali okanye abagcini babafundi bakhe. Oku, ke, ngentla apha akumkhululi njengomqeshi nenani lamaxanduva. Ngokubanzi, inkqubo ngokokuqeshwa abantwana iyafana naleyo enikwa ukuba ngabemi abanezakhono ngokupheleleyo. Nomfana kufuneka bazazi zonke ezinxulumene ngqo imisebenzi, izenzo lweshishini lendawo yayo. Ngokukodwa, ezi ziquka:

• inkcazo yomsebenzi.
• PTB.
• imithetho imithetho.
• Schedule.
• ngokoMthetho sentlawulo njalo njalo.

Umtyikityo familiarization nezi zenzo, ngokomyalelo umsebenzi kuphakamisa, kwakhona, hayi elivisayo nomzali wakhe / umgcini wakhe.

Ubhaliso kwi imeko abemi ababhaliswe ixesha elizeleyo

Ukwamkelwa umsebenzi umntwana eneminyaka engama-15, kwakunye elinesithandathu elinesine, wenziwe kugcinwe olucokisekileyo eziliqela ezifunekayo. Ingakumbi, le miqathango ilandelayo kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane:

1. Ishedyuli yomsebenzi nto idibana kunye nexesha lokufunda kwaye musa kuphazamisa inkqubo yemfundo.
2. Le elivisayo na umfundi, okuyinto Ilungiselelwe isiqinisekiso ehambelana ukusuka kwiziko lemfundo.
3. msebenzi ucetywayo idityanisiwe kudidi lomsebenzi ukukhanya yaye ukumlimaza kwimpilo yomntwana.

Lo mthetho ayiqulathanga ingcaciso elithi "umsebenzi ukukhanya". Nangona kunjalo, inani ILO Convention 138 ibonisa ukuba imithetho okanye imithetho yelizwe ethile kuvunyelwa nokuqashwa umsebenzi minor (umfundi) kufuneka yenze imisebenzi:

1. Ngaba alubonakali kuba yingozi kwimpilo yakhe kunye nophuhliso.
2. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba umonakalo kwisikolo yezithuthi.
3. Ayizi ukuwonakalisa inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ze isikhokelo / zokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi okanye ukukwazi ukusebenzisa ulwazi olufundiweyo.

Njengomgaqo, afumane umsebenzi minor eneminyaka engama-16 nangaphantsi yenziwa:

• Inkonzo yekhuriya.
• Kuba umhlaba lo kummandla wedolophu.
• Ngokuba ukuvuna.
• Ulondolozo iziganeko yenkcubeko.
• Ukufezekisa care izityalo zolimo njalo njalo.

Akukho mba kuba kudala iqhutywa njani yokuqesha abasebenzi obudala - ngexesha leeholide zasehlotyeni okanye umphelo - kwenziwa isivumelwano sengqesho. Njengoko ngokuba izibambiso, ekufuneka inikwe umqeshi, bona uluhlu kumane isiqinisekiso kwiziko lemfundo.

Employment labantu abagqibe uqeqesho

A umntwana ongaphantsi kweminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu okanye ishumi elinesithandathu leminyaka ubudala unelungelo lokukhetha. Yena ke baqhubeke nezifundo zabo kwizikolo eziziisekondari, okanye ushiye isikolo. Kuxhomekeke ukuba ufuna elivisayo umsebenzi kufuneka abonelele enye izibambiso zilandelayo:

1. Kwezemfundo - isiqinisekiso sokugqitywa kwibakala 9.
2. Nge ukufunda okuqhubekayo, kwenkqubo loqobo alinjalo yexesha elizeleyo (kude part-time, ngembalelwano) - izatifikethi ezingqina ukuba ufumana ulwazi kwiziko elithile.
3. Sakuba sirhoxisiwe uqeqesho kunye kwemvume yabazali okanye amakheswa esikolweni - kumlawuli we umyalelo ahambelanayo.

Uluhlu lwamaphepha ezishiyekileyo uyafana ngasentla. Xa ungena isivumelwano sengqesho nomntu iminyaka 17-18 kufuneka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukunika ungubani ngummi, nto leyo eya kubizwa kwinkonzo (ubhaliso inkonzo Sv-in).

ukuxilongwa kwezempilo

Kusebenza imeko bokwamkelwa umsebenzi minor. A loviwo lonyango preliminary iyafuneka ukuqinisekisa impilo ngummi kwaye kungenzeka, ngokutsho kwakhe, ukuba enze imisebenzi umsebenzi othile. Umqukumbelo ikhomishini lonyango yenziwe kwi uhlobo f. Inombolo 086 / y. Phambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka yobudala babasebenzi obudala 18 Kwathi axilongwe ngonyaka ngamnye.

isivumelwano nabasebenzi

Yokuqesha abasebenzi abatsha (okwexeshana) yakhupha umyalelo ofanelekileyo. Ngenxa lwalo ngokwemvumelwano yengqesho fixed-term, ukuba umntwana lowo kwabalelwa inkampani ukwenza izinto zasemsebenzini isithuba ukuya kwiinyanga ezimbini okanye ngexesha elithile. It ukuba nokuqashwa umsebenzi engephi lwe mvumelwano imisebenzi, kuthathelwa ingqalelo imida ezinikwe ngumthetho, isithuba ngonyaka omnye. Le umthetho asiwenzi ube nokubonelela ngokusekwa ngesithuba trial kolu didi abemi.

Art. 268 TC

Eli nqaku iquka nezithintelo ezisebenza senze. Ngokukodwa, abakwishumi elivisayo awavumelekanga:

1. Thumela kuhambo loshishino.
2. Ukubandakanya imisebenzi ebusuku, owuva, iiholide, ngeempela-veki.

Kulo mzekelo, ezi zithintelo ukuba bonke abantwana. Imingcele musa kusebenza kubasebenzi:

• imibutho Cinematography.
• Theater.
• Zonwabise.
• imibutho Concert.
• Media.
• Abanye zinenxaxheba ekuqulunqweni / ukudalwa kwemisebenzi, ngokutsho kuluhlu lwezithuba zomsebenzi, ubuchwepheshe, ezivunywe umthetho inombolo 252.

Ngaxeshanye kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo izithintelo kwimisebenzi:

1. Zigwebo.
2. Lwenziwa qho ejikelezayo.
3. Le mibutho zonqulo phantsi kwemvumelwano.

Oku akuvumelekanga njengoko ukuqukumbela izivumelwano kwi abantwana uxanduva ngokupheleleyo nabaqeshi okanye ngamnye.

ubude iholide

Njengabantu abanye ootitshala, ngaphandle iholide minor. Noko ke, ngokuba umthetho iingcali abatsha Inikeza ezininzi ubude bayo. Ngokomzekelo, abantwana anikwe ikhefu kwiintsuku zekhalenda 31. Wasebenzise eli xesha, ingcali unakho, nangaliphi na ixesha elimlungeleyo. Kulo mzekelo, abanye inganikezelwa xa ngokucelwa umsebenzi ngaphambi kokuphela kweenyanga ezintandathu umsebenzi rhoqo kwishishini. Xa ngokuhlanganisa uqeqesho lobungcali kumaziko karhulumente emfundo evunyiweyo ephakamileyo vocational, lesibini okanye primary kuye sithembele iholide ngakumbi. Noko ke, umvuzo wakhe avareji luhlala. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umqeshi akanalo ilungelo lokurhoxisa abasebenzi kwikhefu, indawo imbuyekezo yokugqibela malini. Ukongeza, i Manager kufuneka ukuthumela abanobungcali ekuphumleni, ukuba yokugqibela amcele ukuba ahambe.

iholo

Xa intlawulo yentlawulo ixesha-based kwenziwa kunye ngethuba Lalifutshane lutshintsho olo. Ukuba umsebenzi Minor isithuba, lisenza izibalo zalo ikhutshwa phandle kwimirhumo efanelekileyo. Iingcali accounting Intlawulo abaqeqeshelwe kumaziko emfundo kwaye enze umsebenzi yobungcali kwi nkampani kwi spare yakhe, nangesi sihlandlo ukubalwa senziwe ngokomlinganiselo kwiiyure babesebenza okanye ngokutsho ukuvelisa iziqhamo. Ukususela mali yomqeshi wakhe angabiza iindleko extra:

1. Ukuya kwinqanaba lomvuzo specialists iindidi ezifanelekileyo ngokuxhomekeke ithuba ngokupheleleyo imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kwi ekubaleni ixesha-based.
2. Ngaphambi sihlawule umrhumo kwithuba apho ixesha kwanciphisa umsebenzi yonke imihla.

Ukophulwa kwesivumelwano kunye noxanduva

Ukupheliswa bezomthetho nomsebenzi olungephi xa isindululo umqeshi kuxhomekeke imvume nabahloli yabasebenzi kunye KDN. Njengoko umahluko ukuyekwa yezenzo zeFE, ekuvalweni mbutho. Kweminyaka icala ngokupheleleyo ukuba:

1. Ngabom ebangela umonakalo.
2. Limali udakiwe (ezingenabungozi, ezidakumbisayo, utywala).
3. Umonakalo obangelwe ngenxa-mthetho yezolawulo okanye ezinye.

uphando lwangaphakathi iya kwenziwa kuzo zonke ezi meko.