Sulfides kunye hydrosulfides. Hydrosulfide and ammonium emanzini

Ngu sulphide ziquka iikhemikali eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, i-atom nesalfa molecule walo kunye isinyithi okanye ezinye nonmetals. Kuba sulfides ezingaphiliyo iikhompawundi eziphambili zezi emanzini (H2S), ukubayinxalenye iklasi ka-asidi kwaye Ammonium emanzini (ifomula (NH4) 2), ukubayinxalenye udidi neetyuwa. Kwakhona sulfides lwesinyithi kunye nonmetals c ifomula jikelele KxSy (apho K - sisinyithi okanye zesiqinisekiso nonmetal, kunye S - asidi intsalela hydrogen sulphide, x no y - ubungakanani ukuse- zentsimbi kunye anions le moiety acid kwi molecule, ngokulandelelana), jonga ukuba udidi neetyuwa. Umzekelo, intsimbi emanzini (II) Fès. sulfides organic - into imichiza, i-atom nesalfa molecule lwabo ezinxulumene radicals hydrocarbon. Oku mercaptides (thioethers) loMthetho RSR indlela jikelele ', kunye R R' - radicals hydrocarbon.

Zonke anemichiza yayo iimolekyuli i-atom otyhidiweyo, kunye atom abanye non-iintsimbi (boron B, iphosphate P, lesilicon Si, esiyityhefu Njengokuba), ezinxulumene kwi-atom sulphur (S) kunye neqondo igcwala elingana no thabatha 2, iityuwa abajongwa H2S hydrogen sulphide . sulfides ezingaphiliyo (ngaphandle H2S), umz, emanzini, ammonium emanzini okanye boron, kuye kucingeleke ukuba umlinganiselo iityuwa, ekubeni omabini la hydrogen sulphide athom acid hydrogen ziye indawo ngamanye ukuse-. Ukuba sulphide hydrogen esiti, atom enye kuphela indawo ukuse- (nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba ialakalin umhlaba kunye nentsimbi kwealkali), ityuwa iya kuyilwa ityuwa asidi. Imizekelo hydrosulfides ezingaphiliyo (bisulfide ngenye indlela) kusenokuba iikhompawundi ezifana Ammonium hydrosulfide (NH4HS Formula) okanye sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS). Xa molekyuli hydrosulfides, ngokuchaseneyo emanzini, okanye anion nikunyhashe asidi HS-. hydrosulfide Organic ziquka mercaptans (thiols kunye thioalcohols) loMthetho RSH indlela jikelele, apho R - hydrocarbon olukhulu. Mercaptides kunye mercaptans luphawulwa nokuhlelwa ebanzi, ngoko ke ifuna ukuqwalaselwa olongezelelweyo.

Uninzi sulfides babe imibala eqaqambileyo. Xa amanzi kakuhle enyibilikayo kuphela ammonium emanzini kunye sulfides zesinyithi kwealkali. Ngokoqobo ezingenakunyibilika emanzini, eseleyo sulphide zesinyithi. Ekubeni sulfides ezi emanzini neetyuwa ze asidi babuthathaka, abameli babo amanzi-enyibilikayo kungenziwa hydrolyzed. Kuba sulfides zenziwe isinyithi kunye karhulumente eliphezulu igcwala okanye, ukuba hydroxides zabo iziseko ababuthathaka (umz, Cr2S3, Al2S3, njalo njalo), ngokufuthi haydrolisis ingeniso lisenza. Sulfides zingabameli ukunciphisa inobulali, usabele mpilo emoyeni kwiqondo lobushushu ephakamileyo ukwenza iityuwa, apho atom sulphur unezinga eliphezulu igcwala, ezifana sulfates kunye sulphur dioxide. ammonium emanzini isetyenziswa kufota, kushishino lwamalaphu kweli. Sulfides zisetyenziswa izinto semiconductor, phosphors, amayeza, kwezolimo.

Ezi sulfides ukuze kuveliswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo. Ammonium emanzini (eyaziwa ngokuba elinye igama le ityuwa - emanzini diammonium) ukulungele ngokuhlanganisa emanzini kunye agqithisile ammonia: H2S + 2 NH3 → (NH4) 2. Ngakumbi ukumelana ityuwa asidi emanzini yi Fès emanzini yentsimbi, nabanako ibolile kuphela zokufudumeza vacuo ayizuze (le yenye yeendlela ezininzi eyaziwa) ngu ukusabela vuhlayiseki isalfure yentsimbi: Fe + S → Fès.

ubunzima Ezinto ze ammonium emanzini kunye 68,14. .. E m Gross-formula kwenkqubo Hill angabhalwa ngolu hlobo: H8N2S. Imbonakalo kufana ityuwa crystals enemibala. Ammonium emanzini kwi-20 ° C sele enyibilikayo emanzini. Enyibilikayo ethanol. Le into hygroscopic ekwaziyo ukufunxa ukufuma. Kule meko free akukho ifunyenwe ammonium emanzini. Ekubeni (NH4) 2 ityuwa iyahlozinga, ngoko izisombululo zayo zolwelo zikufutshane ngaloo hydrogen sulphide kuba ncakasana ngomxube NH3 kunye NH4HS, kunye nezisombululo zolwelo of (NH4) 2 yi ulwelo ezingenambala kunye ivumba ammonia kunye emanzini. Isisombululo asabela awana kunye pH ku 9.3. Le ziikristale ye ityuwa eqinileyo akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwahlula, nkqu lungapholi elinqatyisiweyo isicombululo. Ngenxa igcwala ngu ioksijini esesibhakabhakeni kwaye ukuyilwa polysulfides, umxube ammonium emanzini amathuba yellow ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko ke isisombululo emanzini kufuneka igcinwe igutyana zigcwaliswe ukuya ngesiciko kuthinteleke atywinwe.

Ubunzima molekyuli yi ammonium hydrosulfide kunye 51,11. .. E m Gross-formula kwenkqubo Hill angabhalwa ngolu hlobo: H5NS. Ityuwa Imbonakalo a ziikristale rhombic enemibala. Ukuxinana yetyuwa elingana 0,89 g / cm3. Lokunyibilika 120 ° C (phantsi koxinzelelo). Kwiqondo lobushushu kwigumbi ngumphunga kunye sublimation ye kunyuka reagent. Le compound yinto eguqukayo kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi. Le nto ayikho lula enyibilikayo ethyl utywala kunye namanzi abandayo, amanzi ashushu okanye itshiswe kunye nobanda kancinane. Ukusabela zolwelo kwealkali. Xa umoya ekwaziyo ammonium hydrosulfide ukuba oxidized, ngoko ke ukusuka isisombululo ezingenambala xa igcinwe ngokukhawuleza ajike mthubi ngenxa ukuyilwa polysulfides. Ammonium hydrosulfide nibe senilungile ngqo ngokuhlanganisa ammonia ne emanzini kwi diethyl (sulphur) okanye ngokuwisa umoya kwi 0 ° C isisombululo ammonia obugqithisileyo emanzini yi inxaki reaction: NH3 + H2S → NH4HS.