Isifundo lenzululwazi kwezoqoqosho, indlela kunye izigaba zophuhliso

Chaza isifundo lenzululwazi koqoqosho ngexesha lasungulwa kunye nophuhliso wayengekho asenokungacaci kwangoku. Ukuchaza lo ingqiqo kumagama ambalwa akunakwenzeka. Akukho nkcazelo elifutshane ayichazi kakuhle ukuwabamba yi iziganeko isayensi kwezoqoqosho.

Isifundo lenzululwazi kwezoqoqosho kumiselwa ngabaphandi abahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Unga khankanya iinkcazelo ezifana "imisebenzi enxulumene exchange kwaye imicimbi yemali," "ubomi ishishini ngemihla, ngexesha apho ubomi kufunxwa nokusetyenziswa kwazo", "ukuziphatha abantu imveliso, ukwabiwa, exchange kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto uphawu eziphathekayo" yaye pr.

Ubunzima yokumisela Injongo yalo isayensi wachaza into yokuba neentlobano zezoqoqosho inzima kakhulu yaye zinxulumene amaxesha amaninzi, ixesha ngalinye ebangela iintlobo ngokomgangatho entsha yokunxibelelana. Ziquka izigidi zabantu, iinkampani, amashishini, iimveliso, iinkonzo kunye namaxabiso.

Isifundo yesayensi koqoqosho ekuqondeni abaphandi Western azezi ekufundweni nesenzeko kunye nenkcazelo izibakala zohlobo kwezoqoqosho: iimarike zemali, ubudlelwane ikhredithi, ngqesho, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, imfuno, unikezelo, ingeniso, njl Kulo mxholo, sifunda ubudlelwane phakathi la nomunye kwabo.

Okwangoku, ingqalelo engakumbi ingqalelo isifundo imilinganiselo yabantu, apho asuka kwinkqubo ebizwa ngokuba zendalo ukuzeyisa lobomi, imithetho yentsebenziswano yabantu nendalo kunye nezinto medium. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni yinto yokuba into lenzululwazi kwezoqoqosho iqala ukuba zicaciswe kwezinye iinguqulelo.

Ke le ndoda ubomi bakhe alikafiki wafumana umthombo izibonelelo obungapheliyo ukuba usebenzise ukuqinisekisa nobomi babo, kuba buxhomekeke kakhulu koko indalo inikeza kuyo. Iintsilelo kwezibonelelo zendalo yoluntu ubeka umsebenzi imiyalelo ukhetho, kwakunye neendlela zokusebenzisa izibonelelo ezifumanekayo kuye phambi kwethuba elithile. Iindlela ukusombulula ezi ngxaki umbandela ezoqoqosho.

Indlela isayensi kwezoqoqosho - inzululwazi iindlela zalo. Ngelo langoku nqanaba lenzululwazi kwezomnotho uluhlu olubanzi iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukuqonda bezinto zokwenene zoqoqosho. Ezi ndlela kwamiswa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ziqala nge-Aristotle Heraclitus, wabeka isiseko nembono dialectical zehlabathi. Lo mmiselo ke nangoku ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa kubugcisa bezoqoqosho zophando yayo.

Ukongeza, ukuba usebenzisa iindlela ezifana isifundo se-Economics iinkqubo kwi nesenzeko ulwalamano kunye nophuhliso lwabo, njengoko ehlaziya kunye nohlalutyo, imali ebanjwayo kanye induction, na isizathu nesiphumo, kwaye ndibe ngumzekelo kakuhle eli nesenzeko ngokwabo, intshukumo ingcamango ukusuka abstract ukuya eziphathekayo, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Noko ke, ezoqoqosho uye iindlela ezithile kunye nezifundo ukuba zibangelwa yi neenjongo ezithile iinjongo uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi. Eyona Umgaqo ngezoqoqosho kukufunda inyaniso, kwaye anikwe iimfundiso priori. Ukuze wenze oku, isebenzisa ethile ukufunda ubuchule, ukuhlelwa izibakala ummeli kwaye ithembekile, kuyondelelaniswe labo kunye nocazululo, izibakala ukuhlanjululwa ngempazamo kwaye inessential. Ngokusekelwe kwesi sigqibo, imithetho yezoqoqosho kunye nemizekelo.

Izigaba zophuhliso loqoqosho ngokubanzi kungancitshiswa ukuya kumaxesha amane:

1. uphuhliso Pre-lwezenzululwazi (ukuya kwele 18)
2. Imvelaphi ezoqoqosho (1750-1870 biennium).
3. Ukubhaqa kunye nophuhliso siseko ephambili engundoqo ngezoqoqosho (1870-1930 biennium).
4. Uphando lwakutshanje theoretical kunye nophuhliso (ukususela 1930).

Izigaba ezingundoqo kuphuhliso lwe kwengcinga kwezoqoqosho - na mercantilism, uqoqosho classical lwezopolitiko (i Physiocrats, iSikolo market), uqoqosho abangabaxhasi bakaMarx lwezopolitiko kunye umgca economics (neoclassicism kunye neokeynsianty).