Western eSiberia: abemi kunye noqoqosho. Western eSiberia: isebe iphambili kuqoqosho

Western eSiberia, le labemi kunye noqoqosho eya kuchazwa kamva, indawo enkulu geographical. Le ukwakweli kummandla Eurasia.

Overview

Ukusuka Ngasemzantsi imingcele ekufuphi eSiberia ye-Russian Federation ithi: China, Mongolia kunye Kazakhstan. Ukusuka emantla oko kufuphi Arctic Ocean. Inxalenye yasentshona eSiberia kuphela i phambene Mountains, empumalanga - Balani Range Pacific. imithombo ezibhaliweyo eqokelelwe ngenkcazo, ngezakudala, izixhobo lwemveli akuvumela ukunxulumana igama kunye negama kummandla iqela uhlanga elalifumanayo phezu ummandla yehlathi-emathafeni indawo Irtysh ekupheleni kuka-1000 BC. e. Kwakugcwele ookhokho Ugrian elizibandakanye intsebenziswano elide kunye neminye uluntu Kazakhstan kunye Western eSiberia.

Imvelaphi yegama

Le toponym "eSiberia" idlalwa igama Hagan Mpuma zamaTurkic Khaganate Shibir Khan Turk-Shad. Igama waxinga, yaye kamva kwabaphilileyo zokusonjululwa sipyrov elunxwemeni lomlambo. Irtysh. Kwisiqingatha sokuqala ngenkulungwane ye-13 iinjengele Mongol wayesazi abantu ehlathini, ogama "Shibir." Ukususela Kwisiqingatha 2 kwiinkulungwane 13 nele-14 eSiberia sele ngokubanzi sabufumana igama ummandla othile, yade ukuya emantla kwimida izinto Golden. Igama eyasetyenziswa kwi yemihla Russian. Ngenxa yoko, ngenkulungwane ye-15 ezifumaneka yesandla "lizwe eSiberia". Encwadini yeembali ichaza kakuhle kakuhle indawo yayo. Lubonakala njengendawo esezantsi we computeryomndilili Tobol kunye Irtysh. Mhlawumbi kukho inzala sipyrov waphila. zaye kakhulu ukuba agxile ngayo izinto eTurkey. Oku buyazohlula Ugric namanye amaqela izizwe kwi OB ezisezantsi Irtysh. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-15 apho sokumiswa Tobolsk nangezinto Türkicized-Ugric izizwe sipyrov. Ngenxa yoko a Siberian Khanate. Kunye naye ngenkulungwane ye-16 ayesaziwa Mangazeya, Yugra kunye Tyumen Khanate. Emva Moscow Russia iphumelele Astrakhanskoye kunye Kazan Khanate iqalile ukushukumaName ukuya eSiberia. Promotion waya ukuhamba Ermak ngo-1582, lo unyaka.

yeminye

Kumaxesha tsarist, eSiberia waba kwiphondo kwezolimo. Kwakhona waye site wobukhoboka setyala kunye ekuthinjweni. Ekuveleni kwiinkulungwane 19-20. yayakhelwe Trans-Siberian Railway. ukwakhiwa kwayo wavunyelwa ukuba angen waya kummandla abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-3. Ngenxa yokufika abantu baqalisa ukwenza umsebenzi wokufama e Western naseMpuma eSiberia. Kweli xesha yiSoviet, imveliso yezolimo lehla. Oku nempembelelo ukunyuka kwexabiso kummandla njengomthombo wamanzi kunye neeminerali.

Izibonelelo kunye neempawu zendalo

Imozulu yi kabukhali yezwekazi. Uninzi masimu awayephantsi West Siberian Plain. Kumazantsi kukho iintaba zeAltai, Salairsky Ridge, nasentshonalanga Shoria kunye Kuznetsky Alatau. Ngenxa yokuba le ngingqi isebenza kuyo yonke imimandla yendalo eyetundra emathafeni ngaphambili, apha zimelwe iyantlukwano imihlaba, wehla waya wangaphezulu. Obungcali economy of Western eSiberia kubonakaliswa kakhulu ngokucacileyo. Oku kubangelwa umgangatho, ukwakhiwa kunye nomthamo ezikhoyo apha amafutha kunye nezibonelelo amandla kwezimbiwa. Ngokwemiqathango ngokufumaneka kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo, izalathi si zokunikwa ngingqi yabo imveliso kwi iindawo eziphambili kweli lizwe.

energy

Kungenxa kuye kukho uphuhliso esebenzayo kuqoqosho lweNtshona eSiberia. Kwi kwintsimi kukho phantse zonke iintlobo ezaziwayo zepetroli kunye energy izixhobo. Kukho brown kwaye nzima amalahle, igesi, neoli, nja-. Lo mmandla obuninzi yamandla engaqhelekanga. iidipozithi hydrocarbon ibekwe oyile negesi phondo leNtshona eSiberia. Kungenxa ngaphakathi eOmsk, naseNovosibirsk, Tomsk kunye Tyumen iingingqi kunye Yamal-Nenets kunye Khanty-Mansi Ukuzilawula Area. Kule nxalenye buzinze malunga-58% ye isimo sokuqala yeoli kwaye ngaphezu kwama-60% ye-ichibi igesi. E Western eSiberia livelise ngaphezu kweetoni kwe-7 billion yowokuqala, 8 ezigidi m ^{3 lwecebo} yesibini. Nangona kunjalo, eli phondo yahlukile enkulu enokubakho oyile negesi ukuzala. Kwi kwintsimi kukho oovimba eyay ye-oyile negesi. izixa zabo-45% ne-56% (ngokulandelelana) loMthetho kokuqala iyonke. Oku kubonisa ulwazi asezantsi noko zejoloji mmandla.

NHC

I esebenzayo yesebe uqoqosho of Western eSiberia unikezele malunga ne-14% yenani lilonke lemveliso kwesambuku kweli lizwe. Phakathi imeko yangoku kwimimandla yezoqoqosho, le ndawo na eziphezulu ezintlanu. Ngenxa yokufumaneka ophezulu kodidi lwemithombo yobutyebi kule ngingqi akhiwa kakuhle uqoqosho mveliso. Western eSiberia uvelisa malunga ne-12% kwimveliso. Kwi kwintsimi kukho ngaphezu kwe-14% ee-asethi esiqingqiweyo se-lizwe kunye-20% yeemveliso eziveliswe kwezakhiwo of Russia.

imboni

Oku kusekelwe kuqoqosho lweNtshona eSiberia. Isabelo kwicandelo mveliso akhawunti ye 74% umqulu lilonke lemveliso gross lwengingqi. Eli candelo lubonakala ngokuba ezikhethiweyo abahlukene. Ngoko ke inkoliso amafutha ekubonelelwe (amalahle, i-oyile negesi) kwimimandla eseleyo. Economy of Western eSiberia lee ngaphandle ngamandla, ushishino petrochemical nemichiza, obunjineli boomatshini zombane. Bonke bephela, ezinento ukuba amafutha imveliso. Eli bhotwe imichiza imelwe ngamashishini ka Tobolsk, Tomsk kunye ummandla eOmsk kunye Kemerovo. mveliso Machine-sakhiwo ze lweemveliso kwicandelo amandla, kwishishini yamalahle kwaye sixhobo umatshini. Nangona yokukhetheka nesakhiwo sayo, uqoqosho Western eSiberia iye ubunzima nelahleko ebonakalayo xa iminyaka engama-90. production Industrial Sehle phantse isiqingatha. Malunga ne-30% njengangoku nengeniso kwezithuthi. 65% yenqanaba pre-guqula Sizibandakanye kwezolimo eNtshona eSiberia.

amandla ombane

Ngokutsho umgangatho nokusetyenziswa kummandla singene kwindawo yesithathu kweli lizwe. Eyona ndawo iphambili lokusetyenziswa kombane ukhonza sinzima mveliso. Supply kubathengi kwi ngeendleko Urals kunye nezikhululo Siberia UPS. Isiseko kwindawo kagesi - mn ezinkulu ngengeniso. basebenza kwi badlula igesi kwi Tomsk kunye Tyumen nemimandla, ngokunjalo carbon (kwi naseNovosibirsk kunye Kemerovo mmandla -. Xa zalapha, kwi eOmsk - on dalneprivoznom). Le ndawo igqalwa umbane phantse samosbalansirovannym.

iindawo ezikhoyo zomsebenzi

indawo Siberian West kwixesha elide uhlala isiseko ukuze kwakhiwe amafutha kunye namandla entsokothileyo Russia. Kulo kulandela ukuba imimandla ephambili kummandla kufuneka ube:

• Ukuphuculwa amalahle kunye neenkqubo-oyile negesi.
• abasebenzi ntle yoluntu.
• Ukuphucula amandla ukulingana kule ngingqi. Okokuqala, le njongo abafundi ngokuxhaphaza kombane, gasification, ukuphunyezwa zobugcisa technical re-izixhobo phantse zonke ezoqoqosho okhoyo.
• Imiba Environmental kumashishini eziphambili carbon, igesi kunye neoli kule ngingqi.

isiphelo

Western eSiberia igqalwa kwezibonelelo ityebileyo endalo kummandla. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi. Uphando kunye nophuhliso intsimi, Noko ke, luthintelwa ikakhulu iimeko zemozulu. Le kwizikolo ezikude yommandla ukusuka kwiziko yolawulo urhulumente akavumeli ukuphonononga ngokupheleleyo nokusombulula zonke iingxaki kulo mmandla. Noko ke, izicwangciso kaRhulumente wabeka inkqubo yophuhliso lwezoqoqosho Western eSiberia. Iinzame ziya lwajoliswa etsala abasebenzi kule ngingqi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kuphuhliswa iinkqubo ezizodwa zentlalo, ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo abantu. Inkqubela kunye yotshintsho chu izixhobo kwamashishini.