1941: Ukhuselo eMoscow, kwinqanaba lokuqala

Uloyiso yokuqala enkulu edabini nxamnye abahlaseli German kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II kucingelwa ukuba ukhuseleko eMoscow (1941). Action Imephu ye imikhosi yaseJamani kwaye Soviet - iVolga River (emantla), ngoko umgca le kaloliwe Rzhev (entshona) kunye nesikhululo "Gorbachev" (emzantsi). Ukukhusela kweengqukuva, Red Army waqhekeza uninzi "Center" iqela le wemikhosi (kunyaka 1941st), yaye emva koko usungule counteroffensive (kunyaka 1942nd).

icebo kaHitler

Isiseko Isicwangciso "Barbarossa" kukuthatha eMoscow kunye ngokoyiswa lokuziphendulela imikhosi yayo eSoviet. icebo yakhe ukuba kwenzeka mbandela iiveki. Ukuphumeza oku, i-ngqwayi German omkhulu waphuhliswa Operation "Typhoon", eyaqalisa ngoSeptemba 30, 1941 emva aviabombordirovok elide, kwimisebenzi kwesimo kunye namalungiselelo vehicles, esinenjini kunye imikhosi elihamba.

Inani lamacala

Inani elipheleleyo kotshaba;

• ngaphezu kwesigidi amajoni namagosa;
• kwamatanki malunga-1600;
• malunga ne-14 amawaka amaqhosha zokudubula kunye mortars;
• 950 Fighters bombordirovschikov.

Ngomhla inxalenye Red Army:

• million 1.2 Red Army amajoni kunye nezo njengele;
• malunga 1,400 kwamatanki;
• 9600 lamaqhosha zokudubula;
• 700 moya.

Kwaba malunga yesithathu wokulwa eyenziwa Red Army. Amalungiselelo kuqala idabi babelwa Jikelele Ikomkhulu of the Supreme ndingumthetheli ekupheleni kukaJulayi 1941 woKhuselo of eMoscow ngangosuku Septemba 30 ukuya kuDisemba 4, apho linqanam lokuqala edabini for eMoscow.

Ngabavukeli kunye namaqela kwanokupheliswa

July 1941 yaphela ke Muscovites ukuze kwakhiwe umgca ngoyaba kwicala Borodino. Ngelo xesha baqalisa ukuyilwa kweeyunithi wabasebenzi. Xa zizonke, kwakukho malunga namashumi amabini anesihlanu iyantlukwano, eziquka amavolontiya bobudala ezahlukeneyo. Ezi yunithi babephethwe kakubi igcwele. Kwathi phambi abantu abangamawaka amathandathu waba afohlela akukho abangaphezu kwamakhulu amathathu.

Ngenxa yokuba kwengqukuva avuza enkulu eziliqela saboteurs yaye babeye bagaywe njengepesenti yabemi, ukuyilwa etshabalalisayo nemikhosi. Utshaba, ngubani na ngandlela zonke usebenza umonakalo, ukukhanyisa ebusuku ekujoliswe sobuchule bombordirovschikov utshaba kunye elanda zokugcina emthethweni.

ekhubekisayo

Ekuqaleni up umdlali wayesebenzisa amaqela itanki ezintathu (I, II kunye III), ukuchaka engundoqo i ezenza Red Army yagxila kufuphi Bryansk kunye Viaz'ma athabathe ziseleyo imikhosi yiSoviet kwimeko-bume, ngoko ngenisa ezantsi eMoscow.

Ngokuba nembono epheleleyo ekufumaneni imigca ukuzithethelela kunye nenani imikhosi obuzayo nokuhlasela kwesimo ehlotyeni ka-1941 I-woKhuselo of eMoscow zaye zabanjwa waqalisa ukubonakalisa bombordirovok ngokusisigxina.

Orlovsko- operation Brianskaia

Ngenxa izityholo ngokukhawuleza, nomkhosi lowo kakubi zinabantu kwaye, kananjalo, ijolise ukomelezwa yayo kwindawo ekude ukusuka apho utshaba eza kwenzeka. Ngoko ke, amajoni aseJamani wangena Eagle asinde. Njengoko kamva ndakhumbula enye iinjengele German, wangena umkhosi umzi, nangoku tram kwiindlela. Amashishini nemizi-mveliso ukuba kwakusele kumbovu ukuba uye, kunye nempahla kwimigqomo omkhulu ngqo endleleni.

Uninzi abavikeli yeyela ngomsesane. Ngelo xesha, Oktobha 3 th kwalomu ka kwamatanki baseJamani wenza indlela yayo eya kwidolophu Mtsensk. Kodwa ngenxa 4 i transport Division kwikholam Colonel Katukova wafakwa bengasebenzi. Ukulwa kufuphi Mtsensk avalelwe izicwangciso German iveki yonke. Noko ke, ngo-Oktobha 2 Bryansk wathathwa amaJamani, ukuze Yeremenko Jikelele (umphathi we Bryansk Front) kwafuneka ukuba siphumele. i jikelele ngokwakhe walimala bakhutshwe eMoscow.

Vyazemskij phambi

Front ukuba sokwaphulwa imikhosi yaseJamani Baqala yosizi ngakwicala Vyazma. LaseKirov noMsindisi Demensk zaye zathathwa ngo-Oktobha 4, 1941 woKhuselo of eMoscow yonke slabla imihla. Ngoko ke, abendlu ka-Reserve kunye amanye Western uhlaselwa ngaphambili nangesemva. Ngokutsho ezinye iingqikelelo, malunga 700 amajoni Soviet kunye namagosa athathwa banjwa.

I-Battle of Mozhaysk

Ukubamba umdlali Mozhaisk wathunyelwa Major-General utsho. Bona wadala umyalelo ukwenza umgca ukuzithethelela. Ukongeza regiments yekontraka kunye ithathele kuyo Injongo yakhe udubule kunye noqeqesho kabini zokudubula School.

Ngaphandle kolu tshaba ebelisiya phambili. Emva ukugcina ukuziphendulela iintsuku ezilishumi, amajoni ethu kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. 13 October phantsi Ukuhlasela utshaba yawa ukulungela ukusebenza ngo-Oktobha-12 - Borovsk, yena Mozhaisk efanayo - on October, 18, 1941 Ukhuselo eMoscow waba zigcinelwe kwiikhilomitha ezilikhulu ukusuka kwikomkhulu ngokwayo.

Ukwesaba emzini

alarm wave itshayelwe abemi. Ezo novalo nokufu- iintshukumo babengazi imbali yawo ikomkhulu kwizwekazi looMawokhulu bethu - Moscow. 1941, Oktobha 15 - kumhla sisigqibo ngobungxamo likaxakeka. Jikelele Abasebenzi, kwakunye commissariats zobunkokeli, emkhosini amaziko kunye namanye amaziko batshintshelwa ezikufuphi izixeko (Saratov, Kuibyshev, kunye nabanye).

Mveliso kunye nezinye izibonelelo ebalulekileyo zeqhinga misela. 20 October isixeko yabhengezwa lwemo zokungqinga.

Parade on Red Square

Parade ngoNovemba 7 kwi Olubomvu Square le njengomzi ongqingiweyo - oko kukuthi, ngokungathandabuzekiyo, omnye isiganeko ezimibalabala, unawe apho engenabutyebi kwi Enkulu Patriotic War. Defence Moscow, ngokwenjenjalo Ukufumana impefumlo epholileyo lomoya ngabakhuseli baninzi nomdlandla.

Kunjalo akunakuthethwa malunga amaJamani. Weather iimeko ngokupheleleyo walinxiba phantsi, ebangela umdla imigama for ixesha elide bekucingelwa phantsi kwesi sicwangciso. Yonke enye into, ukungawi imikhosi Soviet engqongwe unyawo. Kwaye amaJamani kwafuneka enze ikhefu seeveki ezimbini-ukulungiselela injongo ngokuhlanganisa iinxalenye zayo.

Kwinguqu esa lohlaselo

isimanga Huge yaba amaJamani ukuba utyunjwe ukuba ahlasele amajoni Soviet. NgoDisemba 6 1941 emva kokuba Red Army neziqhushumbisi ezimbalwa, zidlala wothuka, wafumana utshaba entle shabby wothuka. Ngoko ukukhusela eMoscow bafudukela yesibini (ebuhlungu kuba amaJamani) sikwinqanaba - sibali-ekhubekisayo.

kunomvuzo

Imbasa ukuze woKhuselo of eMoscow - enye iimbasa emkhosini ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Kuye zanikwa bonke abathathi-nxaxheba, abagcina ukuziphendulela ngakumbi yayo ngenyanga. Zombini amagosa kunye namajoni.

Ukongeza, i- Molteno ukuze woKhuselo of eMoscow ezifunyenweyo zamajoni, ngendlela enye okanye ngenye bancedisa ukunqanda utshaba.