EAEC - ntoni na? amazwe inxaxheba EAEC

Namhlanje imibuzo EAEC malunga nokuba yintoni, njani amandla kakhulu kunokuba abe ngumqondiso, ngokuthe ngcembe ukufumana iimpendulo zabo. Kucacile ukuba, ingqondo ozinzileyo imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe afana NATO ne-European Union, kuquka ihlabathi Western ebangela ucutheko-nkqubo ofanayo amandla ubhalo eMpuma. Ke Russia uzama ukuba abe nendawo ethile amandla enjalo, bedala EAEC, olu manyano ujolise ukujikelezisa hayi ukukhula koqoqosho kuphela, kodwa kwakhona ukubaluleka yezopolitiko.

kwawo lo ico

EAEC - ntoni na? Ngokusemthethweni, oku umbutho oselula ngamazwe, yoncedo i monoliths lwasempumalanga izidubedube ngasentshonalanga. Nangona kunjalo, i yaseYurophu iManyano asiyongcamango entsha, yaye yasekwa ngokusekelwe pre-ezikhoyo, kodwa baye babonisa imibutho angasebenzi. Enyanisweni, olu manyano lokuqala ntsimi bayakwazi njengento ico ezaziwayo-kakuhle - Commonwealth of Independent States, apho ubukhulu becala Union engasebenziyo, kufuneka ulwazi encinane kakhulu.

Lo mbutho yesibini kwesi sithuba waba yaseYurophu Economic Community. Ingcamango yendalo yalo bafaka Mongameli Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev ngo-1994. Kwisithuba seminyaka emihlanu, amahlakani babefuna izisombululo kangangoko ukuba ekuphunyezweni kobuDlelwane entsha. Kwaye ngo 2000, eRashiya, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan kunye Kyrgyzstan basayina isivumelwano phantsi apho Partnership wangena ukusebenza ngo-2001.

Union amasiko

Enye yemiba ephambili yaseYurophu Community lwezoQoqosho wayeza ukuxoxa ukudaleka kwindawo amasiko omnye. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni kuka-2010 njengenxalenye yenkqubo-sikhokelo ye-EurAsEC Customs Union waqalisa ukusebenza. I-Union wadalwa ukuze kuphuculwe umanyano yorhwebo, urhwebo imimandla umsebenzi-free, apho utshintshiselwano kweempahla babengayi sikhatshwe naliphi bekukho izithintelo kwezoqoqosho. Le manyano ibandakanya zonke States EAEC, ogama imfundo bakhuthalele kuyaxoxwa ukususela ngoko.

Ukuqaliswa omnye ikhowudi amasiko, owamkelwa kwaye ozinzisiweyo ngenxa onke amaqela States, akazange ngqo. Ungquzulwano kwaqhambuka phakathi yesicelo kunye Minsk, kangangokuba Vladimir Putin wakoyikisa inkokeli Belarusian ukuba isenzo i Union iya kuqalisa ngaphandle kwakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-Apreli 2011, ulawulo yezothutho kumda Russian-Belarusian irhoxisiwe. Ngoxa nokugcina ulawulo umda kunye ukufuduka, ezithunyelwa ezivela kula mazwe ithetha a zero isantya VAT kunye nokungabikho intlawulo ekhaya. Xa ukungenisa VAT kunye nerhafu yezonwabisi iirhafu ukuba abasemagunyeni yerhafu Russian Federation.

Inyathelo lesibini - usiwe kwindawo eyodwa

Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2011, amazwe inxaxheba saseka i-Economic Commission yaseYurophu. Phakathi imisebenzi ephambili wayethunywe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukomelezwa ngakumbi lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho njengeqonga, apho ke ukujika nokudalwa EAEC.

Ebutsheni bowe-2012, kwasekwa i-Common Economic Space (CES), uphucula ukudityaniswa efanayo zamazwe. Ukuqalisa yayiphawuleka ozinzisiweyo ngenxa onke amalungu isithuba ukwenza uxwebhu kwezivumelwano 17.

Eli nqanaba lokugqibela amalungiselelo, ngesiphumo esatyikitywa ngomhla wama-29 Meyi kunyaka ophelileyo iziko loshishino lwe Kazakhstan Astana, kwisivumelwano nokudalwa EAEC. I wokuqala kweyoMqungu kulo nyaka, i-Union yaqalisa ukusebenza kunye inxaxheba Russia, Kazakhstan kunye Belarus, ngosuku emva kwesivumelwano kuphasiswe Armenia. Kwiinyanga kuphela emva ezine kubanjwa eqale Kyrgyzstan kaThixo.

share Armenian

Ixesha elide kunye ukulawula ukuya Russian Union of yeqonga Asia of World Geopolitics banduluka Armenia. Kwaye nangona ilizwe elitsha eyamazibulo wajoyina umbutho ngoJanuwari 2 kulo nyaka, mna batyath ngenxa ozikhethayo ezongezelelweyo elo xesha kwiminyaka embalwa na ncoko abazibandakanya i-Customs Union kuyafana entlanganweni ngaphambili. Armenia Emva iziphumo amaqhinga uyalibazisa ndankqonkqoza 1.13% emhandzini evela imisebenzi namasiko kweempahla engeniswe ngaphakathi kummandla Union. Kubalulekile ukuphawula apha ukuba ilizwe akukho imida ngqo kunye nayiphi na nxaxheba ye-Customs Union. Ukongeza lwamaxabiso amasiko eqhelekileyo yokuthenga iimpahla (ubukhulu becala ukuthetha malunga iimveliso zolimo) Armenia baya kuphela 2022. On ubisi, amaqanda kunye nobusi ezinye iintlawulo ziya kuba semthethweni de kube ngowama-2020, yaye iziqhamo kunye namandongomani - to th-2019.

angayi ezifanayo zinikwa kwezinye iintlobo ze iimveliso zokutya. De 2018 iya kusebenza zero iirhafu ipetroli, enye lwamaxabiso EAEC ziya kuqaliswa kuphela ngo-2020. Kwangokunjalo Kucetywa ukuba alungise umsebenzi kwi imithi, iimveliso eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo, izichumisi, iikhemikhali zasekhaya kunye nabanye.

Iinzuzo ukuba ilungu elitsha kakhulu kwakheka kwi enkulu umdlali Union - Russia kunye, njengoko uqikelelo kwezinye abezoqoqosho, uya kubiza $ 5.2 yezigidi-gidi ekupheleni kwalo nyaka. Kufuneka kongezelelwa ukuba ngaphambi nje kokuba eqale igosa eArmenia esiya EAEC, i-European Union labiwe million 77.5 euro.

Webutho, wafika

Umhla wokugqibela iqela ethe wangena iqhinga elingaphumi kum, waba Kyrgyzstan, EAEC ekugqibeleni ukwamkela umdlali omtsha ngoMeyi 29, njengoko amaxwebhu asayiniweyo. On Ukuvuma ngoMeyi 8 kulo nyaka, uthe uMongameli asanda kunyulwa of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Kwintetho yakhe, waphawula ukuba yonke loo amathandabuzo Wavuka ngaphambili, ziye isusiwe.

Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha elifanayo inkokheli Kazakh wathi yinjongo, apho kubonakaliswa ilizwe EAEC akunjalo kungekudala kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukugqiba isivumelwano kummandla lorhwebo olukhululekileyo olukhoyo ne-Vietnam. Inzala kwesi sivumelwano baberhola Turkey, Azerbaijan, India ne Mongolia.

Qhinga soPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho

Nangona kwakukho indlela ende ekuyilweni EAEC, ukuba uthathela ingqalelo kwezoqoqosho imbono - ayikho nangoku ngokucacileyo kakhulu. Ezibhengezwe kwiinkalo ezininzi ezintle kudityaniswe uqoqosho kazwelonke. Ngokukodwa, iindleko yokugqibela iimpahla kufuneka incitshiswe ngenxa ziyakwehlisa ngokubonakalayo iindleko ukuthutha iimpahla ngaphakathi lizwe, ngokunjalo ukuba athengise phesheya kwezilwandle. uphuhliso loqoqosho yamazwe ilungu kufuneka zibe kumgangatho omnye, nto leyo eza kuvumela ukhuphiswano 'uphilile ". Ngelo xesha, njengoko lizwe uya kufikelela kwinqanaba elifanayo, ayichazi. Ukongeza, kulindeleke ukuba ukuncipha kweendleko ngenxa ukupheliswa izithintelo zorhwebo kuza kwandisa imveliso kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukuze kunyuswe umvuzo.

EAEC yandise ummandla kunye nokukhula koqoqosho kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kwemfuno, kholwani amalungu Union, nto leyo, ekuhambeni kwexesha iza kuvuselela nokukhuthaza imiqulu ukuvelisa zonke iintlobo impahla. Kwaye njalo, ukuba kulunge kwezizwe zala Union, kufuneka siqhubeke sikhula qho ngonyaka.

indlela ukulahla

Nangona iinjongo ezibhengeziweyo, umbutho wabasebenzi ubukho yonke yaqala kunye nezibophelelo ifomu ezilula. Ngenxa yoko, uluhlu zincinane igunya washiywa ukuba Economic Commission yaseYurophu kunye neenkundla, ezibe ukuhlola nokulawula ukuthotyelwa kunye nezivumelwano. Kwimeko yokusilela imithetho ECE, imbambano iya enkundleni-moya. Nangona kunjalo, izigqibo anikezelwe phantsi yinkundla, zibe zengcebiso ngokwendalo, yaye ke isigqibo malunga amanqaku iphikiswayo zithathelwa kwinqanaba leBhunga of State iinkokheli. Ngaphezu koko kude 2025, okanye phakade isigqibo malunga nokusekwa EAEC yomlawuli mali, kwakunye nolawulo elinye lezorhwebo amandla emzimbeni.

imizimba nelawula

Phakathi sikhokelo imizimba EAEC lolawulo zabo ziye sidalwe elandela umzekelo EU: kwiBhunga lezoQoqosho yaseYurophu ePhakamileyo kunye neKomishoni Economic yaseYurophu. Kwinxalenye yokuqala igunya lolawulo kuquka neenkokeli kumazwe athatha inxaxheba kwaye abalungiseleli yinkulumbuso ezi States. Iinkokeli ngaphakathi Union bayadibana qho ngonyaka ubuncinane kanye, iintloko karhulumente kubutha, ngokuqhelekileyo kabini ngonyaka. Izigqibo zenziwa kwesiseko solawulo lwentando yesininzi, ukuba ziyabophelela ukuba onke amalungu emibutho. Amagunya VEES ikwaquka inkcazelo kunye nokwakhiwa kwekhono namanye amalungu Union.

ECE na ilungu abasisigxina Union. amandla akhe ichazwa yitshata EAEC kwaye yenzelwe lula ukuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo kumazwe zibe zokwenene eyodwa kwezoqoqosho. ECE iye kwakhona udluliselwe kwisakhono zeKomishoni NB ebe ikhona ngaphambili. Phakathi kwabo, ezoqoqosho, amandla, emali, ezithile nkqubo yokufudukela; Imiba kunye ummiselo uluhlu lwe abadibeneyo zendalo, iinkxaso kunye namanye amazwe kunye nabanye abaninzi. mali ECE ukhandwa iminikelo evela kumalungu Union.

indlela The West ngayo

Umbutho we manyano wasempumalanga onamandla, Kakade ke, oku ndincume West. Kwaye ke amagunya yaseYurophu kunye United States baye bavakalisa inkxalabo yabo nenkcaso ukuba naziphi na iinzame kumanyaniswe lalisakuba yiSoviet Union, yaye ngakumbi ngokunjalo ekwakhiweni efanayo. Umbuzo "EAEC - ntoni na, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukusuka kwindawo yezopolitiko lwembono" ekuqaleni wabuza phantse zonke zezopolitiko izazinzulu abamelene.

Le ukunganeliseki kakhulu categorical lahlokoma yi United States ukuba emva ukusekwa kwe-Customs Union kunye olwandulela nezivumelwano EAEC ezalatheka ngokucacileyo njengoko iinzame Russia yokulawula isithuba post-eSoviet. Okwangoku, ngokutsho sisazinzulu kwezopolitiko American Zbigneva Bzhezinskogo, Russia ubunokuba ilizwe enamandla kwaye zenze lo mgaqo-mpuma kuphela xa unxulumano kunye Ukraine.

Namathemba lwemali olulodwa

I yaseYurophu Union lasekwa kakhulu kutshanje, kunjalo, le miba njengezona nkalo zitshisa ibunzi kuhlala uhlanganiso emali kunye zemali, oko kubandakanya, ngokukodwa, ukudalwa lwemali olulodwa, nto leyo eya komeleza kwimarike enye, yakubo onke amazwe inxaxheba. Sele ngoMatshi kulo nyaka, Vladimir Putin uyalele Central Bank kunye neNdlu ezisezantsi yePalamente ukufumana isisombululo kule miba ngokudibene iiBhanki ezingoovimba onke amazwe inxaxheba yelizwe kwiqembu phambi kaSeptemba 1 wonyaka yangoku.

Phakathi amagama lwemali entsha kuxoxwa "hit iJekhpoth" (isithuba imvelaphi Turkish, eshiya xa i Golden mkhosi) kunye "Eurasia", nto leyo yekhampasi euro. Iingcali bephawula ingcamango lwemali olulodwa, qaphela ukuba uhlanganiso epheleleyo akwenzeki ngaphandle kwayo. Eku sunguleni kwakhona wavakalisa ingcamango ekudaleni enye yaseYurophu Central Bank elandela umzekelo i-European Central Bank for Kazakhstan, Russia, Belarus. La maxwebhu eyasayinwa ngomhla umba ikuluhlu 2025. Ngelo xesha, i maxongo imeko neAfrika kungenzeka ukuba ukutyhalwa, ingakumbi, Vladimir Putin on inyathelo olukhawulezisiweyo, abahlalutyi bathi.

kwezepolitiki

Ngokukhawuleza nje loo nto besithetha ngayo uhlanganiso wemali phakathi EAEC, iingcali ngamazwe ziye zicaca ukuvavanya i-Union phantsi moya kuphela yezopolitiko. Iingcali zithi ekukhawuleziseni inkqubo yokungathembani epheleleyo yazo naziphi na iimali mazwe inxaxheba - umsebenzi kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye amathuba EAEC ubuza imibuzo kweli candelo. Ukwazi oku, Kakade ke, ukuqinisekisa amahlakani ukulungiselela eMoscow, kodwa uya kulawula ukuba wena a lot of ekhefu. Onke amazwe, abahlalutyi bathi, zilungele ukusebenza kunye kuphela kwimeko ukuba bakwazi ukufumana into imbuyekezo. Ezi ezikhethwayo yenziwe ngeendleko mali Russian. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba nomdla kakhulu kwi lemanyano kubonakala ukusuka kwicala Russian; yaye yona ibe indawo olubuthathaka kakhulu.