Kubalo lwabemi yoBukhosi baseRashiya ngo-1897. Ukubalwa lokuqala jikelele

Russian Empire Census (1897) wayengekho yokuqala elolu hlobo eRashiya. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ubalo mntu wenza ngamaxesha kwi ummandla izilawuli Russian, khans, Kaganates, ukuze kukhangelwe ukuba ingeniso eninzi zingafumaneka labantu ummandla elinikiweyo. Umzekelo, ababhali-mbali ubaseke ukuba ixesha ubalo uPetros Yokuqala amisele uluntu lulonke Russian Empire (ngexesha) kwinqanaba kubantu abazizigidi ezilishumi. Phakathi ukupheliswa serfdom kunye 1917 eRashiya kwenziwe malunga namakhulu amabini akhawunti iziganeko kwizixeko ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka amaphondo Livonia, Courland kunye Estland iirekhodi capitation abantu abahlala apho sele yenziwe.

Iziphumo zobalo ethathwe imiqulu phantse 90

Kubalo lwabemi yoBukhosi Russian ngo-1897 zilungisiwe 1874. Ngokukodwa, kwiminyaka emibini phambi kokuba ingxelo kweziganeko imisebenzi Russian manani ziye zavalwa, ezinxulumene ne ukufumana idata evela labemi. Ukususela ngoJuni 1895 le tsar Nicholas II isalelo apho kuye kwagqitywa ukuba kubalwe lokuqwalasela ubunjani, ubungakanani kunye nokusasazwa labemi, kubandakanywa bonke abemi Russian basemzini. Ukwenza imicimbi emikhulu-obungaka sele inikezelwe engange 7 million. Kwaye ke iziphumo ziqokelelwe kwaye yapapashwa ngenqindi phantsi kuphela ngowe-1905, phantse asithoba imiqulu.

In uBukhosi Russian bathetha iilwimi ezilikhulu

Russian Empire Census (1897) bafumanisa ukuba bonke abemi yelizwe abantu malunga 125 640 000, apho ulwimi lwabo Russian 55,6 million, Russian Little - 22 million, Belarus - 5.8 yezigidi Njengenxalenye bukhosi. ngelixa zaquka kumazwe Polish, ngoko ulwimi oluthethwayo abemi million 7.9, kwaye aseMoldova kunye isiRomania - abantu million 1.21. Hebrew ngexesha esetyenziswa malunga 5,06 miliyoni abemi. Iilwimi ezininzi ngamanani amancinci, eqhelekileyo ngelo xesha eRashiya ziquka: Spanish kunye Portuguese - 138, Dutch - 335 izithethi, kwakunye Hindu, Kisti, Lezgin, Chuvan, Afghanistan.

Russian Empire Census (1897) babonisa ukuba eRashiya baphila abathwali iilwimi ezifana amazwe njengoko Chinese - 57 amawaka abantu, i-Japanese - abantu kuphela 2.6 amawaka, Korean - malunga 26 amawaka abantu ...... ukuba eninzi ukuthetha isiJamani - Armenian malunga 1.7 yezigidi - abantu million 1.17. Iqela Ubunzima babethwele ulwimi Tatar - million 3,73, Bashkir - million 1.31 abantu, i-Kyrgyz -. Malunga 4 million abantu.

amaxwebhu Historical Bagciniwe kuthi isikhundla izazinzulu ukuba ngemvelaphi ngolwimi oluthile ngexesha ukuba idatha mihla noko amaxesha ayilunganga. Umzekelo, ulwimi Yakut kunxulumene ku Turkish-Tatar lwesigodi. Zonke kuBukhosi Russian ngelo xesha, kwakukho ngaphezu iilwimi elinamanci ifakwe ngokusesikweni nezendawo ukuba eziyinzalelwane abemi beli kummandla elinikiweyo. ulwimi System, yaye ngaloo mihla, yaye namhlanje ulwimi Russian, nto leyo evumela abantu ukuba ukuqonda omnye, lo gama kugcinwe yesazisi yabo.

Ukufunda nokubhala waba zonke sesihlanu kuphela

Ukubalwa lokuqala jikelele Russian Empire (1897) olwenziwa ngu ababhali abaqeqeshiweyo ngokukodwa, owafumana imbasa inxaxheba umcimbi onjalo. Benza umsebenzi omkhulu wokugcwalisa kwindawo ezingama malunga namashumi amathathu ezigidi iikhweshine, njengoko abalimi abaninzi abangafundanga okanye abangafundanga kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Kwaye lo mzobo kubonakala kwi-manani - ngelo xesha eRashiya nguye ukufunda nokubhala kuphela kubantu abahlanu, lo gama phakathi kwabantu ipesenti "abafundileyo" wayesele-30%, lo gama phakathi kwabafazi - angu-13 kuphela konyaka. An into umdla kukuba umbuzo malunga igama lomfazi wakhe phakathi abalimi, abaninzi wathi ukuba inkosikazi yakhe enendoda i "uyintombazane."

Abathengisi ngaphantsi kwe ngababingeleli

Ngokutsho kubalo lwe Russian Empire (1897), uninzi lwabantu babehlala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni (malunga 87 pesenti) wamisela ukuba iklasi abalimi (77 per cent bonke abemi). inkulu Okulandelayo evulekileyo - malunga 11 ekhulwini, "Buzani kubawo" - malunga 6.5 ekhulwini, Cossack - 2.3 ekhulwini. Abantu yoBukhosi Russian ngelo xesha wayexakeke kakhulu kwelo lizwe kulinywa, azithengiswa. Abarhwebi kubalwa 0.2 pesenti, leyo ngaphantsi kunolo abefundisi (a isiqingatha ekhulwini) kunye nezidwangube (isiqingatha ekhulwini). Kwakhona kuluhlu kuquka nabanye abantu - 0.4 pesenti.

Ukuhambisa imvume ezifuneka kakhulu

Russian Empire Census (1897) bafumanisa ukuba xa eRussia umlimi-eliphakathi-iklasi, apho burger ibe yingqokelela abarhwebi ezincinane, amagcisa, abahlali basezidolophini, belilelakhe inkoliso kwipropati besemizini yabo, yaye kubarhafi eziphambili. Ngexesha kubalo lesi sigaba ayikho phantsi ukohlwaya ngokubetha, ezibe osebenzayo kuyo ide phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. AmaFilisti esikhundleni sabo kuluntu engaphantsi kwe abarhwebi, bathi kwisixeko esithile (kwisixeko kwincwadi emxinwa-nye). Ukuba ushiye indawo yakhe yokuhlala obuthile ukuba babe nexesha yokundwendwela yexeshana aye kwenye indawo - kuphela imvume kwabasemagunyeni. Mhlawumbi, ngaloo mihla, xa uhambo eRussia kunokwenzeka kuphela okusemthethweni kumaziko aseburhulumenteni, wabeka ukushukumiseka aphantsi labantu mihla.

Phakathi abarhwebi lezikhulu

Ziziphi izibakala umdla nangoku igcinwe ibali kuthi? Russian Empire Census (1897) ebhalwe ukuba kuluntu Russian sele kuthiwa-ziye 'abemi mawubekeke ", nama-0.3% yetotali yenani labafundi bebonke. Yaba udidi oluphakathi phakathi kwe iindwalutho amanene kunye nabarhwebi, elathi ukukhusela ngokuchasene kwii-i "igazi enhle" yokuqala ukuhlangabezana amabhongo lobuqu wamva. ngabemi Wawongwa, kwakunye asebukhosini, kungaba lobuqu, yaye ilifa. ubumi obekekileyo Personal waphuma kuphela yenethiwekhi le isihloko, kunye nenkosikazi yakhe, lo gama ilifa, ngokulandelelana, yaba inzala umnini-isihloko.

Ngaloo mihla, kwakukho amakholwa amaninzi amabandla kunokuba kunjalo ngoku

Russian Empire Census (1897) babonisa ukuba unqulo ibalulekileyo Orthodox oko kwenziwa malunga-70 ekhulwini wenani labemi. Okwesibini kuphela ngoko amaKristu amaSilamsi - malunga 11.1 ekhulwini, abalandeli yamaRoma Katolika waya ngakumbi - malunga ezisithoba ekhulwini, kwaye 4.2 ekhulwini labantu nganye amaYuda. abantu Russian ngoko azinikele kakhulu, ngokunxulumene apho yayakhiwe inani elikhulu amaziko ezenkolo. Ngokomzekelo, eRashiya ngexesha le-Great Oktobha Socialist Revolution kwakukho malunga 65,000 amabandla Orthodox, lo gama i-iCawa yanamhlanje Orthodox IsiRashiya 29-30 amawaka amabandla, kuquka nabo Belarus, kwiBaltic States, Ukraine kunye nabanye.

Megacities

Zeziphi iinkcukacha watyhila enye kubalo (1897)? Iziphumo zolu phononongo ukuvumela ukuba afumanise oko eRashiya ngoko imizana ezinkulu. Likomkhulu karhulumente ngelo xesha (eMoscow, eSt Petersburg) kwaba megacities. Kwakukho ngaphezulu kwe-1.2 million yabantu. I "sixeko sikhulu" yesibini elikhulu Moscow - million 1,038 abantu. ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama kwesiqingatha owayehlala Warsaw (683 amawaka.), Nguwuphi ngoko inxalenye Russian Empire (ummandla ubukumkani Poland). Ukongeza koku kungasentla, kwimephu kweli lizwe ngelo xesha kwaba 40 imizi elinabemi abantu abangaphezu kwama-50 000.

Zinexabiso elikhulu kakhulu mbali namhlanje ngokwabo iikhweshine, apho ulwazi lokuqala kubonakala. Kwezi, umntu kufunda lukhulu. Noko ke, uninzi amaphepha yatshatyalaliswa, kwaye umxholo kunye data kusingathwa ngayo.