War kwenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya: isishwankathelo

Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19 kuBukhosi Russian kwakukho isixa esikhulu iziganeko ezibalulekileyo. Ngexesha le minyaka ezilikhulu zikarhulumente watshintsha abalawuli eziliqela. Ukuba ekuqaleni imithetho ngenkulungwane ye-19 ka-Paul I, ngoko ekupheleni - sele UNikolai II. Ngeli xesha, uyekwa serfdom kanye neNgonyama ucekeceke ukuze kuthandwa ukwandisa yaqala ukufumana siseko wamaKomanisi, okwenza ukuba iiBolsheviks ukuza ngamandla ekuqaleni kwinkulungwane elandelayo. Kwiinkalo ezininzi igunya ubukhosi elilawulayo kunye negalelo lalihlile kwimfazwe kwenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya. Abanye babo ikwaze urhulumente, kwabanye - kwafuneka koyiswa. Noko ke, abaninzi kubo oko kwaba ilahleko awoluntu nezinto ezinkulu.

War kwenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya: Background

ngekhulu ebheka waphawulwa eninzi ngamayelenqe nempixano ehlabathini. Enzima kakhulu ngeli xesha yaba nobudlelwano Russian uBukhosi ne Turkey. karhulumente ngamnye bafuna ukwandisa umhlaba ulwandle imida yayo. Ngeli leminyaka, iRashiya iye yakwazi ukuba enye yeenkokheli kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. ithi baseYurophu baye baba kakhulu ngokusondeleyo iliso ukuphakama kwayo.

Ezibangela ingxabano

Ukuqwalaselwa yeemfazwe kwenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya yenza kube lula ukuqonda umgaqo angaphandle kweli xesha. Ngeli xesha, eli lizwe wakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba ezahlukeneyo nezomhlaba. Ungakhetha iimfazwe 15 ngenkulungwane ye-19 eRashiya. Na kwabo bathathu ngoko, yena wahlulwa. Yeyona imfazwe le kwesesithathu nakwesesine Coalition. Le nto yenzeka okokuqala ngo-1805, lo wesibini - ngo-1806-1807-m. lahluleka wesithathu - lo War iCrimea. Wawuqala 1853 ukuya ngo1856. Xa imfazwe Anglo-Russian, kwabakho draw. Ngenxa yoko, ngenkulungwane ye-19 luye kakhulu yimpumelelo iRashiya.

Inkcazelo emfutshane ye zafezwa

Ngeli xesha, amandla ethu waphumelela kwiimfazwe 11. Phakathi kwabo:

• imfazwe Russian-Persian. Wawuqala 1804 ukuya 1813. Injongo yalo esentloko kukomeleza ukuma yoBukhosi Russian eCaucasus. Ngexesha lemfazwe, kukho ukruthakruthwano ixesha elide phakathi kwamacala amabini emNtla Azerbaijan. Yaphela nokusayinwa i akafane iSivumelwano.
• Russian-Turkish imfazwe ka 1806-1812. Yena uya kuzinikela kwicandelo efanelekileyo.
• imfazwe Russian-Swedish. Ubukho kangangeminyaka emibini - ukususela 1808 ukuya th-1809. Kwakhona yaba ugqaliselo omnye macandelo alandelayo eli nqaku.
• War of the Fifth Coalition. Kwathi ngo-1809.
• Patriotic War of 1812. Ngenxa yoko yomkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo phantse batshatyalaliswe. Kwaba ngoxa Idabi adumileyo Borodino.
• War of the leSithandathu Coalition. Oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka 1813-1814.
• imfazwe Russian-Persian. Uye ezinxulumene imfuneko alwe ndlongo ondiqumbise yiBritani. Turkmenchay yaphela ngokutyikitya isivumelwano soxolo.
• imfazwe Russian-Turkish. Wawuqala 1828 ukuya 1829. Russia uzifunele ukomeleza indawo yayo kummandla Balkan kwaye likwazi ukumisela ulawulo phezu Bosporus kunye iDardanelles.
• uphakamo Polish ngo 1830. Maxa wambi ibizwa ngokuba imfazwe yamakhaya eRashiya ngenkulungwane ye-19. Ngenxa yoko, uBukumkani Poland kwathiwa yingxenye Russia. Zomzabalazo wenkululeko yesizwe kwicala lasekunene-bank Ukraine livunyelwe.
• uphakamo Polish ngo-1863. Ngabafo wayengekho wanelisekile nomgaqo-nkqubo osekwe buBukhosi Russian kumazwe nababefudula Commonwealth. Le mvukelo nayo batyumke. Umgaqo-nkqubo we yoBukhosi baseRashiya baba ngakumbi anti-Polish. Ngokubhekiselele abavukeli isicelo isohlwayo kunye zocindezelo.
• imfazwe Russian-Turkish. Wawuqala 1877 ukuya 1878. Russia ufuna ukubuyisela impembelelo yawo eTurkey. Yaphela ngokutyikitya Saint Stefano uxolo. He kamva lilungiswe Berlin Congress ayikho wakhetha eRashiya, nangona le yokugqibela iphumelele kule mfazwe.

iminyaka 1806-1812

Eyona njongo iphambili yale mfazwe yokuqala Russian-Turkish - ukomeleza indawo yayo eCaucasus kwaye kwiiBalkans. Isizathu kuba kukwaphula izivumelwano Ottoman kwi iintshukumo kurhulumente e Wallachia kunye lahlaselwa. Ukongezelela, kwakukho ugrogriso ngokuhlaselwa yomkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni Russia ukusombulula umba kunye kwafuneka ukuba nkqi kumazwe esemazantsi. Ngowe-1806, eRashiya wathabatha iinqaba eziliqela Turkish ngaphandle umlo wawabulala izithuthi. Ngowe-1809 lilinge lokuqala yenziwa ukungena ehlabathini. Nangona kunjalo, iimeko abazange ukuya ngokuthanda ka-Alexander I. Ngoko ke, impi isaqhubeka. Kutuzov yakwazi kumelezeke liyifumane kwakhona. Yaphela imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1806-1812 nokusayinwa Bucharest woxolo umnqophiso kunye Ottoman. Noko ke, kwaba elifutshane ixesha elide.

Sele 1828 i-Port Great wavakalisa ukuba akukho kuphinda ixhomekeke iRussia. Kwaye wagxininisa ukuba kuthintelwe yokugqibela ukuba bangene Bosporus. Njengoko umkhosi Russian ngelo xesha e Bessarabia, isenzo sokuqala emkhosini apho,. Kwakhona waphumelela Russian. Kodwa oko uluvalile Ottoman evela kwiimpixano ezitsha kunye nabo.

Russian-Swedish War ka 1808-1809

Ngalinye amaqela bafuna ukulawula kuphela Finland kunye Gulf of Bothnia. Le yeyokugqibela iimfazwe Russian-Swedish. Kuye kwaxhaswa kumazwe Russian afana eFransi Denmark. Sagcina iinyanga ezintandathu neeveki ezintathu. ISivumelwano Hamina iye yaqinisekisa Russian uBukhosi kunye imimandla emitsha. It wayebunjwa Grand Duchy of Finland.