UMaria Montessori: A Biography kunye iifoto. anika umdla

Montessori - elinye lamagama pedagogy langaphandle kakhulu ezinamandla-yaziwa kakuhle. Ngubani ayahlonitshwa kwaye elamkeleke ezindlwini amanene iYurophu? Ngubani oye wanceda amawaka abantwana bafunda iziseko zokufunda? iincwadi kabani nangoku diverge ukusuka ezishelfini? Oku UMaria Montessori. Ngobomi yale isazinzulu amanqugwala kwaye ingqikelelo umsebenzi wayo zichazwe ngezantsi.

ekhaya Montessori

Obuya kwintsapho Maria yeengcungcu ezikhethekileyo Montessori Stoppani. Bawo, ukuba ukwahlula njani phakathi umkhonzi yoluntu, wawongwa IMbasa Crown of Italy. Umama wakhulela liberalists usapho, ngoxa kusemnandi ukulingana ngokwesini. Iimpawu kakhulu ngabazali bayo yamkela intombi yabo, Maria Montessori. Biography (ekhaya babedlala indima ebalulekileyo ebomini bakhe) UMariya linxulunyaniswa ngobomi ngabazali bakhe. Yena wazalwa ngo-1870 e Milan Chiaravalle Abbey. Uyise nonina wayefuna ukunika umntwana imfundo engcono.

umalume

Uthi umntwana ukunxibelelana nezalamane zabo, izazinzulu funda umsebenzi wabo. Ingakumbi UMaria wayemhlonipha imisebenzi umalume wakhe, umbhali wezakwalizwi, uAntonio Stoppani of a uhlobo. Yena lo ungumzekeliso ozise nohlonipheke Italy (e Milan wamisela lesikhumbuzo). uphuhliso entsimini komhlaba, kwesayensi, kunye nophuhliso kwande. Kukho ubungqina bokuba ezinye iimbono zokufundisa uMariya abolekwe kuye. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa thiyori positivism yezenzululwazi pedagogy.

ukubunjwa

Iinzame abazali kunye nezalamane yemfundo noqeqesho Marii Dali xa wenyukayo ukuya esikolweni. UMaria Montessori, ogama engobomi umdla kwaye ulwazi, sele sikwinqanaba zokuqala isikolo wabonisa ukuba iiklasi zakhe lula. Mathematics - isihloko asithandayo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba iingxaki yokalo emileyo ngayo ingasombululwa, nkqu kwindawo yokubonela. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala isikhundla ekuhlaleni yamabhinqa zamabanga Maria wabona kwiminyaka 12, xa wayefuna ukuya esikolweni. Iziko le nqanaba wathabatha kuphela amakhwenkwe. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo leyo UMaria Montessori (biography ngokuphindaphindiweyo igxininisa oku), impembelelo ngabazali bakhe, ke, ubuchule ezizodwa yengqondo waphula inkqubo eyamkelekileyo eluntwini. Kuye kwavunyelwana. Apha, kwisikolo yobugcisa, uMariya wayesoloko ukungqina ilungelo labo lokufumana imfundo phakathi amakhwenkwe. Le nto iye yaba ngomnye kakhulu isigqibo kwiinzame zalo ukulwela amalungelo abasetyhini kunye nabantu abavela kubo uluntu akuthethi ukubala.

Ukukhetha yomsebenzi

Bebuthanda iinzululwazi zendalo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo kwaye nomnqweno luncedo ukuba ifuthe kuluntu kwi ukhetho ngomsebenzi, nto leyo yenza UMaria Montessori. Biography bubonisa ukuba oku akuzange kube lula. Wagqiba ukuba yinjineli, ngoxa abazali kwamane zokufundisa. Ngowe-1890 lithathe i-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences kwiYunivesithi baseRoma. Noko ke, oko wayeyithanda ngamayeza. UMaria waqalisa ukuya kwizifundo zonyango kwaye wagqiba kwelokuba abe ngugqirha. Yaba lucelomngeni entsha kuluntu. Le lezifundo zobugqirha akazange amantombazana. Kodwa yokuzingisa kwakhe nokwazi, igunya intsapho ukuba uMariya ukuba ngo-1892 e-University of eRoma, ndiwufeze kuyo Faculty of Medicine, waba libhinqa lokuqala embalini yase-Italy, wafumana umsebenzi wakhe zonyango.

Qala imisebenzi yokufundisa

Biography of Maria Montessori isixelela ukuba ukususela kwiminyaka yokugqibela imfundo uMariya umncedisi kwi esibhedlele, kwaye ukusukela 1896, emva ndikhusela ithisisi kwi zengqondo yakhe, waqala ukwenza eklinikhi. Apho kuqala wadibana abantwana abakhubazekileyo, waza waguqukela uncwadi wezempilo kukhubazeko nokulungiswa kolu didi olulodwa abantwana eluntwini. Isebenza Eduarda Segena zengqondo kunye oyingcali ngokusebenza nabantu abangevayo Jean Marc Itard nempembelelo ngamandla Montessori kunye nemisebenzi yayo. Wayeqiniseka ukuba aba bantwana baya kuzisa inzuzo enkulu kumsebenzi zokufundisa abanolwazi ngaphezu amayeza.

UMaria waqalisa ukufunda imisebenzi on kwithiyori zemfundo, imfundo, theory imfundo. Ukususela ngo-1896 uye wasebenza kunye nabantwana abakhubazekileyo, abalungiselela iimviwo esikolweni junior ezizisekondari. Emva kokuba iziphumo ezibalaseleyo eyayibonisa abafundi bakhe, uMary waziwa kuluntu jikelele. Urhulumente uvule Ortofrenichesky Institute, nto leyo ikhokelwe Maria Montessori. Biography, ngokufutshane ezichazwe ngasentla, oko kukhokelela kwisigqibo sokuba uMariya unendlela eyodwa, ubuntununtunu kunye nolwazi ngokubaluleka umsebenzi wabo.

Development of methodology

Ukususela ngowe-1901 Montessori wafunda kwi-Faculty of Philosophy ngokunxuseneyo umkhuba ukwenza ezikolweni, apho wakhokela yemifuniselo wenze imigqaliselo. UMaria ndabona iimeko apho abantwana bafundiswa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo; akufanelekile ukuba abaphulaphuli uqeqesho, ululeko ngqwabalala, ukungabikho ukuzinikela ukuba zikhulise ngamandla nangokubanzi abafundi. Ubethwe ukukhulisa abantwana abakhubazekileyo ngayo: ukunqongophala epheleleyo yenkqubo emfundo kunye nemfundo lancitshiswa ubundlobongela. UMariya waqonda ukuba lixesha lokuba uluntu enobuntu ngakumbi kunayo. Nesikolo yakhe yokuqala ngo-1907 - "Indlu yabantwana" - UMaria Montessori wavula. Biography kunye nemisebenzi iminyaka yobomi swi kuphuhliso kunye nokuphuculwa iindlela zokuphuhlisa uqeqesho.

Iseshoni yoqeqesho lokuqala kwinqanaba ngamazwe, apho yazinyaswa ngootitshala elinesibini eziliqela, Montessori kuqhutywa ngo-1909. Eli xesha fanele upapasho incwadi yakhe yokuqala malunga iindlela zokusebenza nabantwana kwi "Ekhaya Abantwana". UMariya rhoqo ngcono methodology kwaye ibamba rhoqo iikhosi zoqeqesho lootitshala abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi. siseko ukusebenza indlela Montessori ibonakaliswa kwizikolo mihla kunye namaziko nokuphuhlisa.

UMaria Montessori: A Biography, abantwana

khe uMariya yaye zadalwa. intliziyo yakhe wanikwa kugqirha, kunye umntu abesebenza kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo, benza ngaxeshanye kunye nabantwana ezizodwa. Baye ngo-1898 inkwenkwana wazalwa, esalinikwayo abantwana bakhule kwintsapho elula. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokuba Montessori zange ukumelana eluntwini apho kabukhali ningabagwebanga ukuzalwa abantwana ngaphandle komtshato. Kwisigqibo intsapho kaMariya nefuthe iqabane lakhe - usapho elunge Italy Montessano naseAragon kunye isibhambathiso intliziyo obungunaphakade zeze- wanikela nezinye Maria nganye kunye Giuseppe.

Mario Montessori

Mario, unyana ka-Maria Montessori, ogama engobomi akakho ngaphantsi umdla, musa ube nenqala kamama wakhe kunye-15 ubudala ndaya kuhlala naye. Kwakhona nangengqondo obungaqhelekanga, thabatha nzulu umsebenzi unina, sisiya naye, wathabatha kwi miba lombutho imisebenzi yayo. Ababephila bathi uMariya emelwe Mario kuluntu isalamane, yaye kuphela ekupheleni ubomi bakhe bathi ukuba abe ngunyana wayo. Bobabini, benza amaqashiso ukuze ihlabathi wemfundo: umbutho iisemina kunye nezifundo, uthetha kwiinkomfa, kunye neengcali wavula izikolo. Mario ngakwazi abe ezihlangwini befanelekile. Maxa zihlandlo kakhulu, waba apho. Xa ekhaya baqalisa ngoyaba amandla kusinda, kwanyanzeleka ukuba iya ku India kunye nomama wakhe kunye nonyana, walungisa noMaria Montessori. Biography (ukufa wathabatha uMariya 82 ngonyaka ubomi) iyasixelela ukuba Mario Montessori waqhubeka nomsebenzi emva kokumka unina wakhe ebomini. Mario ngokwakhe washiya UMaria Montessori waqalisa ityala intombi yakhe Renilde. Uye waqhubeka ukunwenwa iindlela Montessori ehlabathini lonke. Ukuba nako ukwazisa le pedagogy eRashiya ngowe-1998.

indlela Montessori

Nceda umntwana wakho ukwenza kakhulu - sisaci engundoqo yonke indlela Montessori. Uyingcamango musani ukundinyanzela ukuba enze, kungekhona ukuba ukunyanzelisa imbono yabo ngaphandle, musa ukuchukumisa umntwana ukuba uphumle okanye ukubukela. Abadala okanye ungumfundisi sibukele umsebenzi yomntwana. Bathumela ke, uYesu walinda ngomonde ebekwe inyathelo lomntwana. Mfundisi zizwana ngenyameko kuyilo yokusingqongileyo apho umntwana uza kuba sonke, mayibhekiswe kuphuhliso lobugcisa woluvo. Into ebalulekileyo ukunxibelelana nabantwana, indlela Montessori i nentlonelo kwaye unembeko. Uthando abantwana nokufundisa Maria wavakalisa kwiincwadi zakhe, ezinye amabinzana kuzo baba aphorisms. umongo wabo kulandelayo: bume womntwana ukufunda, abantu ngeenxa zonke kuye, ukuziphatha kwabo, ulwalamano lwabo omnye komnye nakubo umntwana. Ibonakalisa iimpawu ilungileyo yabantu xa kusingethwe nomntwana - ukuba imbewu yamabele ukuqokelela iziqhamo exabisekileyo kwixesha elizayo.

Ezinye mizuzu wemfundo Montessori sigxekwa. Le ukungabikho ubuchule, eli ligatya imisebenzi sebali-nxaxheba-ukudlala, ukuthintelwa umzimba, nokunye. Noko ke, Maria Montessori, ogama womfundisi ezinxulumene nabantwana, uye wadala ayibobuchule ezinjalo, izinto ezixabisekileyo ezisetyenziswa kumaziko amaninzi asakhasayo eziguqulweyo.