Vatican - nto ... Uphi na Vatican?

Urhulumente zincinane etsala ingqalelo abakhenkethi abavela kulo lonke ihlabathi. Enye yezi eVatican. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba yokuhlala Pope waseRoma. Kodwa umntu uyakwazi ukuva lo mbuzo: "Vatican - sisixeko ? Okanye ilizwe i" Nakuba ezincinane kakhulu, ibekwe nakwezinye izixeko, kodwa urhulumente. It has iflegi yayo, ingubo iingalo kubalwa imali yalo.

Overview

Yintoni na le incinane ubungakanani lizwe yaseYurophu? Lo eVatican. indawo lwakhe km nje 0,44 square. Le ise elikomkhulu eItali, eRoma. Bakholelwa ukuba Vatican kwaye yinxalenye Italy. Kodwa akunjalo. Vatican - njengombuso ozimeleyo. igama layo evela kweleentaba ingqele igama, apho lizwe - ". kungokuvumisa indawo" "khong Vaticanus", nto leyo yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini kuthetha

ixesha base - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesi-6. Ubude lilonke umda karhulumente kukuba km 3.2 kuphela kude. Kakade, esi eyayigquba ezincinanana-karhulumente ummelwane enye kuphela - Italy. Unqulo yombuso Katolika. iilwimi ezimbini ezisemthethweni - Italian kunye nesiLatini. Vatican - lobukhosi yobuthixo. Lwemali - Euro. Phambi ko 1999, iye imali yaso - lira Vatican.

Geography nesibalo

Vatican - urhulumente elincinane, eyamisa kwiVatican Hill entshonalanga waseRoma, phezu kodonga lasekunene iTiber River. Indawo, kodwa ezahlulwe udonga lwamatye, enqamleza phantse umda lonke kunye kwikomkhulu Italy. Enyanisweni, lo kwesihlalo amagunya aphezulu yamaRoma Katolika. Inani labemi of the Vatican lingaphantsi kwe kwewaka abantu. Ngokutsho kwamanani asemthethweni - Abantu 846. Apho isiqingatha (450) kuphela uhlanga elo lizwe. Abanye ube nephepha-mvume lokuhlala kuphela, isigxina okanye okwethutyana.

ubumi Vatican kukuba kwi-Pope, abahleli wakhe osenyongweni, Iikhadinali, i-Swiss Guards. Uninzi abemi Vatican ngokusisigxina abahlala kwamanye amazwe. Yeyona abasebenzi ongunozakuzaku ngokuthumela State kwamanye amazwe.

Afumane ilungelo lobumi of the Vatican, ukuphulukana ngqo, ukufumana imvume yokuhlala inokuba ngenxa imigaqo ekhethekileyo. Baye yamkelwa ngokungqinelana ne-waseLateran izivumelwano. Yiba ngummi eVatican kuphela ngokunxulumene nale ngcamango. Ukuba ukugxothwa ilahlekile ngummi. Ngokungafaniyo nabanye abantu, iVatican lilizwe evelisa zokundwendwela oonozakuzaku kuphela, eziyimfuneko ukuze aphile. ubudlelwane esemthethweni ziye zasekwa kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi apho Vatican na ukumelwa yayo. Le nto ilizwe ehlabathini zisenako ukuqhayisa ukuba malunga nesiqingatha abemi balo babe ubuzwe ezimbini? A Vatican angakwazi!

polity

City State yi neNgonyama ngokupheleleyo yobuthixo. Umthetho, kunye namandla enkundla bobabo Pope apha. Ukhetho yakhe kufuneka ukuxhasa abaviwa bathetha 2/3 Iikhadinali. Ukuba 30 rounds akayi kuba nako ukukhetha intloko karhulumente, yaqalisa inkqubo eyahlukileyo.

Kwimeko ukufa okanye engekho Pope ukuba akhokele okwethutyana urhulumente kunye nemicimbi yangoku camerlengo oyiNgcwele yamaRoma Church. Le igunya lolawulo lithweswe Ephakamileyo kwinkundla neecawa, iNkundla Ephakamileyo weNkundla Apostolic, isigcawu yasekuhlaleni. Guard inika umyalelo wokhuseleko Pope equlathe Swiss Guard.

iflegi

Olu phawu Vatican karhulumente imele isikwere imilo ngeqhiya. On kulo imivumbo nkqo ertyisi ngokulinganayo ezimbini, mthubi namhlophe. Kwicala lasekunene iflegi, kwisiqalo emhlophe ubonisa bathwala le Pope, kuyo ezimbini bewela izitshixo. Bafuzisela nezitshixo leParadesi ukusuka eRoma.

iflegi Vatican wabonakala emva kokusayina kaFebruwari 11, 1929 waseLateran Izivumelwano. Emva koko ngokusesikweni ubume Bona oyiNgcwele nokuzimela yayo evela eItali, apho kwiVatican.

ingubo ingalo

Olunye uphawu yombuso - ingubo lwesizwe - Uyingweletshetshe imbali, ebomvu ifom, IsiNgesi. Ngayo, kwakunye iflegi eli lizwe, ibonisa tiara kunye nezitshixo ezimbini bawela.

Ngokomfanekiso, iCodex yandile ze-ebizwa ngokuba idyasi encinane, nesetyenziswa ukumelwa ozakuzo, amaziko Pope. Ezi ziyafana izitshixo wawela kunye tiara, engumqondiso Catholic Church kwaye kwetrone Pope, kodwa hayi kwiqela lenjongo, kwaye hayi naye.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ingubo lwesizwe ekudluliseni ngamandla avela uswelekileyo Pope ukuba ezihlangwini zakhe, wahlulelene. Image ne tiara esetyenziswa ukuxhasa umngcwabo, kunye nezitshixo zitshintshelwa iincam receiver. Endaweni tiara on ingubo yakhe iingalo, obomvu kunye isigubungelo ngegolide. Olu phawu yamkelwa kwangethuba njengoko ngenkulungwane ye-16. Emva iqhosha igolide nesilivere enxulumene nomtya obomvu, ebizwa ngokuba 'zibhuqe' yaye 'astringent ". Zazifuzisela ilungelo St Peter eseVan ukusombulula yonke imibuzo kwaye uyithumele ekunene iindlalifa.

indaba

Modern Vatican wabonakala phezu kwimephu yehlabathi ngo-1929. Yintoni apho phambi elo xesha? Imbali encinci eVatican yenduli.

AmaRoma wamandulo ayizange kwakha phezu komhlaba, kungekho izixeko, akukho iindawo zokuhlala, ucinga engcwele kubo. Yaye ngexesha loMlawuli uKlawudiyo koko wenziwe imidlalo isekisi. Ukuqala kwimbali of the Vatican ingqalelo kunyaka-326. Emva koko, ngexesha ukusasazeka kobuKristu eYurophu, kwi ukungcwatywa gwenxa i uMpostile uPetros, zakhiwe lo Basilica amakhulu Constantine. Ngenkulungwane 8, iindawo zokuhlala intlaninge yakhiwe apha, apho wahlala inxalenye enkulu Apennine Peninsula. Ezi zindawo zaye bemanyene kurhulumente - eVatican. Kodwa ngo-1870 wegqitha phantsi kolawulo loBukumkani Italy. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1929, Benito uMussolini utyikitye waseLateran iSivumelwano yayisenza Vatican ulongamo, kwaye Imelwe isixhobo mihla nemida.

ukhenketho

I Vatican i ikona elincinane yehlabathi, kodwa yinto umazibuthe ukuba inani elikhulu amakholwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kukho abalandeli "amakhalane" - ukuba atyelele urhulumente incinane ehlabathini.

Vatican - nebandla lizwe. Kwakungekho abasebenzi okanye namafama, kuba urhulumente ongavelisi nantoni na, alukho kuye, kunye nezolimo. Kukho ngenxa kuphela abakhenkethi neminikelo.

ithi wazifela yaseYurophu akhiwe kwiVatican endulini kwaye iqulathe amabhotwe kweqiwa, imiyezo, izindlu malunga-30, lo Cathedral "St Peter" kwaye indawo ephambi kwakhe. Kodwa kwenzeka kanye oko nomtsalane kubakhenkethi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eVatican akukho kwamathandabuzo, nabo bonke abeza ukuba baphile iihotele ezikufuphi kwikomkhulu Italian.

Ngenisa ummandla urhulumente ezincinanana kunokwenzeka kuphela ngesango 6, edityaniswe iRoma eVatican. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, le meko omncinane kuthathwa kakhulu "mthetho" ehlabathini. Endaweni yayo encinane kukho inani elifanayo oobusela, njengoko yonke elingenisa eRoma. Kuba wonke ummi akhawunti Vatican for amatyala 3. Kodwa enyanisweni, ukwenza abakhenkethi zazo ngokundwendwela. Nkqu nangona imigudu lamagosa asebupoliseni 700, izinga lolwaphulo-mthetho uphezulu kakhulu.

izinto

Yintoni Basenokothuka kunye nomdla abahambi Vatican?

• ESt UPetros Basilica. Olu umtsalane engundoqo kunye neCawa yamaKatolika eziphambili ehlabathini lonke. Saqala ukuba ndiyakhe nkqu 324, kwindawo yokungcwaba kwindawo gwenxa umpostile uPetros. Ngenkulungwane ye-15. apha sakhe isakhiwo grand. Nguwo lowo intliziyo eVatican kunye lonke ihlabathi yamaKatolika. Ngaphezu kusebenza Raphael omkhulu uMichelangelo. umhombiso isimanga ngaphakathi Council. Yaye kunokuba kunokuba inani elikhulu labantu - 18 000. Le ndawo phambi yecawa ngokumila eyodwa ye nhla.
• I Sistine Chapel. A lesikhumbuzo elikhethekileyo kwimbali kunye bokwakha. It sakhiwa kwisiza Chapel ezidilikileyo yaye unokukhawuleza uPope Sixtus IV, ke igama layo. Ngaphandle, isakhiwo lingenabukhazikhazi kakhulu, imbonakalo ingathi yimimangaliso. Kodwa ngaphakathi lokubhalela bayo umxhelo. Athandwa sonto ngenxa imizobo, leyo isetyenzwe iinkosi ezifana Botticelli, uMichelangelo kunye Pinturicchio. Kulapha ukuba Iikhadinali Sidibana ukuba emva kokufa uPopu yangoku yokunyula entsha.

• Apostolic Library. lesikhumbuzo Amazing yenkcubeko. Ukongezelela zinokuhonjiswa kakuhle ukwakha, ixabiso layo ekuqokelelweni enkulu yesandla ngqangi ekwezi zamaXesha Aphakathi. Kuvula ukuba abakhenkethi kuphela inxalenye encinane ithala leencwadi.
• Pinacoteca Vatican
• Museum Pius-Clementino
• gadi Vatican
• I Egyptian Museum
• Raphael enezigaba.

Kubonakala ukuba ilizwe omncinane Vatican - oku apho kukho kuphela yamaKatolika lalikhathazwe - apha bebekelwa zesikhumbuzo yenkcubeko, imbali kunye yokwakha zehlabathi. Ukungena kuso, yokuba ningaceli, "i Vatican -? Umbuso okanye hayi". Apha a bume olulodwa, nto leyo ayifumaneki naphi na ehlabathini.

olunika umdla wokugqibela

Indawo apho Vatican na iimpawu ezibalulekileyo emangalisayo kunye unique ngalo lonke ithuba. Nazi nje ezinye zazo.

1. ST. Peter - idweliswe iincwadi irekhodi njengoko inkulu ibandla lamaKatolika ehlabathini.
2. ubumi Vatican ayikwazi ilifa. Kunokuba nzima ukufumana i Bona oyiNgcwele. Emva kokugqitywa komsebenzi, ubumi imisiwe.
3. Emva kwemini eVatican ngaphezulu kwe-3 amawaka abantu - abantu abeza emsebenzini.

Isixeko-Umbuso wakhe ingubo yayo ingalo, indwe, umgaqo-siseko, unomathotholo, inkonzo imeyile, iphephandaba ngemihla "Romano Losservatore", kwisitishi sayo kunye nobude kaloliwe ka-275 m.

Kukho 1 esikolweni, 1 entolongweni, yaye 1 lejelo losasazo. Yaqala ubudlelwane namazwe 174, kodwa ngenxa yemida yobungakanani ukumelwa kwabo eVatican ibekwe Italy.

Oopopu ungcwatywe emhadini eSt uPetros.