Lime sandi. Ukwenziwa stalacmites kunye stalactite

Iindwendwe bagcine emiqolombeni karst ekhethekileyo ngobuhle babonisa - iqela stalactite kunye ne stalacmites. Zikhula ziimfumba ingalawuleki badibanise kumaqela ezinkulu nezincinane. Kwaye uyazi yintoni na yonke loo nto? ukuba akhiwa njani kwaye yintoni umahluko phakathi kwabo?

Masiqalise kunye ezisisiseko. Kungani nemiqolomba

Eqweqweni ayikho yisiwa kumafa. Ngelo xesha ilizwe kunye neelwandlekazi zehlabathi kwasekwa rocks ezahlukeneyo kunye neeminerali. Umzekelo, umsebenzi mlilo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye noxinzelelo kukhokelele inkangeleko igranite abangelwe. Kodwa iidipozithi kweentlobo zamanzi-enyibilikayo, ezifana lekalika, ngetshokhwe okanye gypsum, kwasekwa phantsi kweemeko ngaphantsi kakhulu. Izigidi iminyaka amanzi phantsi kwaye zihlanjiwe engxondorheni, eshiya ngasemva a imigodi ezinkulu nezincinane. Ngoko kwakukho emiqolombeni, eyaba eyaziwa ngokuba karst. Isibakala sokuba karst - ndingabi ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Uninzi emiqolombeni ezaziwayo - imvelaphi karst. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iinkqubo ze ukuyilwa emiqolombeni, kodwa babe bengenazo stalactite kunye ne stalacmites.

Njani igama elithi "stalactite" yaye "nestalacmite zithi"

Igama elithi "stalactite" yaye "nestalacmite zithi" livele a Worm Danish semvelo ole. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1655. Omabini la magama anxulumene ulwimi yamaGrike. Stalactite eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "drop natekshy yi zokuquba." Leyo uhlobo lekalika sandi ejingayo ukusuka nophahla emiqolombeni karst. imfundo Chemogenic maxa wambi akukho ubunjwe lekalika kunye nezinye kumatye awenziwa ludaka. Imilo ye amaqhwa zifana icicles, yengubo, imicinga obhityileyo okanye nasentshonalanga kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo amazinyo.

Nestalacmite zithi lithetha "imenyu". Le sinter ezimbiwayo (lekalika) sandi, apho Taper okanye intsika kunyuka ukusuka ezantsi emqolombeni. Ngamanye amaxesha iibhloko zokwakha ezingundoqo nestalacmite zithi akukho liliwa calcareous, udaka okanye ityuwa yalo. Kodwa ke yimiyalezo.

inkqubo ukwakheka

Imilo kunye nobukhulu kwekalika ukugcwala kunye icicles zixhomekeke kubukhulu emqolombeni kunye nendawo yayo. Nkqu eweni densest uye iintanda microcracks, apho Amagqabi Bongena emiqolombeni yamawa emanzini karst. Imvula kunye nekhephu kufuneka ahambe indlela ende kwaye kunzima, ukuhlamba ngaphandle calcium kwendlela kunye nezinye izinto. Iyayondela apho ukufuma Amagqabi kungena encinane kakhulu. Ngenxa yoku, amanzi ayikho ngokulambisa imijelo kunye wehla usuka eluphahleni emqolombeni. kwamathana nganye iphatha imali encinane yamatye lentlenga (ubukhulu becala lekalika). Ke amathontsi emoyeni, iliwa elo ke ichithwe kuyo, phezu yophahla, okanye iwele phantsi. Oku kudala yelimestone sandi kwi isisitheliso kumqolomba phantsi arch, okanye kukho ukugcwala yintlenga, ukunyuka ukuya kumhlangabeza. Ngenxa yoko, umqolomba uba iimbono limangalisa namnandi, izale kwebali kwelabafileyo.

Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba inkqubo isoloko nesimo esifanayo ehlabathini kukho emiqolombeni efanayo. Ngaphezu koko, ngalinye "igumbi" emqolombeni yahlukile. Nature akuthethi avume milembelele.

Izinga ukubunjwa

Ukwenziwa stalactite kunye ne stalacmites - yinkqubo ethatha ixesha elide. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwabemi rough zezazinzulu ukukhula ku-1 cm, kuthatha iminyaka 100. Izinga lokukhula ixhomekeke idrophu uqina, ukufuma vnutripeschernogo umoya, iqondo lobushushu kunye nokwakhiwa kweentlobo enyibilikayo. Uqikelelo ngqo ukukhula esinokwenziwa. Xa iqela izazinzulu ukuzama ukufunda ukuze kufunyanwe iziphumo ezingquzulanayo ezikhokelela ukuba i "zifana ngokuthi" Kwakunzima. Ngenxa yokuba idatha engumthombo efana ngobunzulu okanye amandla ngamathontsi, idrophu ukuphakama, izinga komphunga, isixa sedimentary njalo, atshintsha rhoqo. Ngamanye amaxesha ekalika sandi ayeke ngokubanzi ukukhula, iminyaka emakhulu eliqela.

Oku ingajongeka stalactite kunye ne stalacmites

Stalacmites stalactite njalo ziyatyeba kwaye ezinkulu, ekubeni bonke amanzi ndafumana iliwa ngentlenga, ebile phantsi iindonga, bakha nezongezelelo izalelwe. Ukongezelela, maxa wambi stalactites kuwa phantsi kwayo ubunzima, kwaye stalacmites - akukho.

Ukuba isindululo zamathontsana zamanzi baphuke, i stalactite kunye nestalacmite zithi "soldered" leli koloni ngokufihlakeleyo. Le lime kuthiwa stalagnates sandi. Ngamanye amaxesha stalagnates kukhule ndawonye namagumbi share ngekalika drapery.

Stalactite oluthambekileyo neengqameko emiqolombeni ziphenjelelwa njengemicwana eyenza iseyile. Baya kuba mpuluswa kwaye esimfaneleko. Kufuneka iqondwe, enoba kangakanani ngamana usihlolisisile emiqolombeni, stalactites ezikhethekileyo bonke.