"Union of uMlawuli Three": umthetho okanye imfuno nkqubo angaphandle?

Isiphelo kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba eYurophu yabalasela ezinkulu ngurhulumente-sobummandla kunye neAfrika utshintsho, ngenxa ngokoyiswa France ngu Prussia Wesuka olunzulu kunye enamandla German Empire, buthathaka waba Ottoman, nto leyo nangoku alawula Holdings umhlaba omkhulu. Zonke ezi zinto ziye bayakhuthazwa eRashiya ukuba bafune iindlela ukomeleza indawo yalo kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele. Esinye seziphumo zoku yophando kwendalo 'Union of uMlawuli Three ".

EYurophu ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX

Iziganeko yesithathu yokugqibela yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, bazisa nkqubo bezinye iintlanga Russian Empire, 'exhaleni rhoqo ukhuseleko lwabo kunye nempembelelo. Emva kokoyiswa kwi the iCrimea War, eli lizwe yinkomo edla ngokwayo ukususela kwezopolitiko enkulu yaseYurophu kunye swi ekusombululeni iingxaki zasekhaya. Ayaze iziphumo - waqalisa ukusela kwezihlunu kwazo kwezoqoqosho emkhosini. Kodwa abachasi azikho ubuthongo. Ngenxa yokuba i-okukhawulezayo Franco-Prussia War, France yaphela okwexeshana ukuba khona njenge siqinile kwaye anempembelelo, kunye eRussia kwimida yayo kwintshona imfundo enamandla enobundlobongela - uBukhosi German. Ubunyaniso lubonise ukuba kungenzeka lokusekwa le manyano Austria-German, nto leyo kungadala ingxubakaxaka imeko lizwe lethu. Urhulumente Alexander II wayesazi kakuhle ngale ngozi. Ukuzama ukunqanda oko, bokuphathisana Russian iphuhlise umsebenzi bomkhuhlane. uthethwano Active olunxantathu kwabalungiseleli amazwe kunye yasebukhosini ngokwabo wobonakala ihlabathi i "Union of uMlawuli Three" ngo-1873.

Ngokwemvumelwano kunye umongo walo

Ngoko ke, ngokusesikweni eRashiya, Germany kunye uBukhosi Austria-Hungarian wangena womanyano, kodwa xa ukhangela ngokusondeleyo ngokweenkcukacha amagatya contract, kuye kucace ukuba ubukhulu becala wakhe declarative. Eneneni, le manyano ubonelela kumacala amathathu kuphela uthembisa ukuba uza kuziphelisa zonke iiyantlukwano zabo ngoncedo ingcebiso, lo gama kwicala usongo sesine ndlongo, ukuba basebenze ngaphandle imephu yendlela. Njengoko kubonakala, akukho namnye kwamaqela alibotshiwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwicala ngalinye, ukuba enze umnyinyiva ezithile, asukele iinjongo zabo. Russia wayeza kufumana ziphole for ally yayo ephambili eYurophu - eFransi, kwaye kubanjwa bathinjwa kwi manyano German-Austria, Austria-Hungary wayenethemba ngokusebenzisa esi sivumelwano ukomeleza indawo yayo kwi Balkan Peninsula. Germany kwacetywa esi sivumelwano ukuze afumane inyathelo isithuba nxamnye eFransi. Ikhondo engakumbi imbali wabonisa ephemerality yazo zonke izinto ezilindelweyo. Ngowe-1875, kwabakho zisiba of Franco-German ubudlelwane, iJamani wayeza ukohlwaya ummelwane intransigent, kodwa iRashiya uthe akayi kuvumela kwakhona ngokoyiswa France. Oku kwenza Bismarck ukuya ihlazo ngokuba "Union of uMlawuli Three" iqhekeza engenanto, usoyiswa kwephepha.

Ukungavisisani amaqela kwisivumelwano

Ngokwahlukileyo kuzo zonke kulindelekileyo, le umbutho uye waphila ixesha elide, ngokubonelela nokuba kwaye waseMelika, kodwa uxolo e- Central Europe. Ngasekupheleni-imi- 70 kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ubudlelwane phakathi Germany neRashiya ngokuya kwanda ezikhohlakeleyo. isiqinisekiso yangaphandle ubuhlobo kunye novelwano ukuba ilizwe lethu ukususela amaJamani babephikisana nenyani, ibangela ukungavisisani kunye nentiyo eSt Petersburg nxamnye Berlin. Alexander III ngexesha Ukuvuma itrone iye nazo oluzinzileyo abavakalelwa anti-German. Nangona ezi izimvo, umlawuli omtsha ukuvuselela ikhontrakthi. Amanqaku isivumelwano esitsha yaba komqathango wokuba xa imfazwe le Ottoman cala 's iya kumiselwa izivumelwano ezizodwa, utshintsho yezinto kwi imida sublime nasePorte kufuneka kwenzeka kuphela ngemvume onke amaqela zonke womanyano. "Union of uMlawuli Three" iminyaka 1881-1894 zaba phantsi ingcamango esisiseko zongcoliseko amaJamani kwaye Austrians, kuba ngelo xesha Russia ezinye iindlela ezisebenzayo nangakumbi nje

Ukutshintsha imeko neAfrika

Ngelo xesha, ukulingana kwamandla itshintshile. Ngowe-1882, iJamani, Italy kunye Austria-iHungary wenza manyano wamajoni-kwezopolitiko, wehla embalini njenge "umGangatho Alliance". Le manyano ifuna ngokucacileyo amaqela ziye zagqiba ukuba inkxaso emkhosini ngeendlela zonke. Le manyano lokuqala wawusalathiswa nxamnye French, elinesibini - nxamnye neRashiya, akwiiBalkan, ukusukuzana kunye Austria-Hungary baba ngakumbi nangakumbi esikhulu. E St. Petersburg, oko luqondwa kakuhle, ngoko ke ngowe-1887, ilizwe lethu waya kwenziwe isivumelwano eyimfihlo eJamani. I-ekuthiwa "Reinsurance Treaty" bekufanele cala xa imfazwe, ilizwe wesithathu, kodwa kwavunyelwana ukuba oku kusebenza kwiimeko zemfazwe Franco-German kunye Russian-Austria. Ngoko ke, i "Union of uMlawuli Three" kokwenza a resource entle.

Ngomhla obandulela imfazwe enkulu

Ezi zivumelwano zaba ukuba Russian Empire okwexeshana. Ekuqaleni-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane XIX akazange akucinge Europe isiganeko - laseRashiya absolutist benza umfela ndawonye republic France. isebe eyakhiwe waqhubeka zokuhlola iindlela kunokwenzeka of rapprochement neBritani. Kuninzi "nkosazana kweelwandle, 'bazi kakuhle ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo we bodwa esimbejembeje lufikelele esiphelweni nokuba babe nomdla ngakumbi ne-Russia, kunokuba kunye awodwa Austria-German. izivumelwano ezinde akuphumelelanga, ngoko kwakukho awodwa wamajoni-ezopolitiko yesibini "Entente", kubandakanywa Russia, eNgilane France. Noko ke, le "Union of uMlawuli Three" ludlale indima wembali ekulondolozeni uxolo eYurophu, lo wesithathu yokugqibela yenkulungwane XIX