Dlalo German (1815 - 1866)

Dlalo ebizwa "isiJamani Union" yathatha ngaphezulu kancinane kweminyaka engama-50. Yaba iinzame ukugcina kwizibhambathiso phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi waseJamani.

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Kuba uninzi ngembali yaso, iJamani yayahlulwe izilawuli ezininzi, duchies nezikumkani. Oku kungenxa iimpawu zembali yophuhliso ezi mimandla. Kwi X Ngenkulungwane yayiyilwe oyiNgcwele uBukhosi baseRoma. Izisa ndawonye onke amazwe aseJamani, kodwa ithi ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kuyo kwakumnandi okuzimela.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amandla umlawuli yaya incipha, yaye ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX eYurophu waphula iimfazwe Napoleonic, nto leyo ekugqibeleni wabonisa nokungasebenzi kwenkqubo endala. Francis II asiyeke ngo-1806 waza waba irhuluneli Austria. Ukongeza, inazo imimandla enkulu Central Yurophu: iHungary, Czech Republic, Croatia njalo njalo ..

Kumntla we Austria, kukho inani elikhulu labantu kumazwe ezincinane, kwakunye uBukumkani Prussia, nto leyo eyaba oyimbangi eyintloko Austria. Emva woyiswa uNapoleon, ngookumkani ezivela kulo lonke eli lizwekazi wadibana eVienna ngo-1814 ukuze kuxoxwe umyalelo ihlabathi kwixesha elizayo. Umbuzo German omnye isitshixo, ngenxa yokuba oyiNgcwele uBukhosi baseRoma, de facto, akusekho khona.

Isigqibo se-Vienna Congress

Xa isigqibo Congress of Vienna, Juni 8, 1815 Confederation waseJamani yasekwa. Yaba Confederation - ukuvumelana geqe. Bonke aba efanayo waseJamani. A indima enkulu kweli nokudalwa Confederation oye wadlala ngonozakuzaku Austria Klemens Metternich.

imida

Imida lemanyano isiJamani kuquka namalungu 39. Bonke yabo ngokusesikweni ngokulinganayo, nangona into yokuba abalawuli izihloko bahluka ngokuphawulekayo. umfelandawonye German kubandakanya Austria uBukhosi, ubukumkani - eBavaria, Württemberg, Hanover, Prussia, Saxony, kwakunye nazo izilawuli ezininzi. Thina ebikuyo, futhi le ndawo zasezidolophini (Bremen, Hamburg, iLübeck kunye Frankfurt) ukuba kulo lonke kumaXesha Aphakathi namaxesha mihla amalungelo sisenokwamkelwa yi-Kaiser.

Ilizwe inkulu - Prussia kunye Austria, amazwe ingumnini, ezo jure de na inxalenye German Confederation. Yaba kwiphondo apho kwakuhlala abanye abantu (Hungarians, nezibonda zaso, njalo njalo. D.). Ukongeza, nokudalwa German Confederation sicacisa iwonga nemimandla German ezibe nezinye lithi. Umzekelo, isithsaba British isikhundla kwaye ubukumkani eHanover. Le lobukhosi elibusayo eLondon yaye bazuze izihlobo zakhe.

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Kwakhona wadalwa yi libhunga elimele Confederation waseJamani - intlanganiso Union. Kwaba khona abameli onke amalungu Confederation. Ekubeni intlanganiso kwiseshoni e Frankfurt, esi sixeko ingqalelo njenge umbutho esesikweni eyinkunzi. Inani abameli ngurhulumente kwakuxhomekeke ubukhulu bayo. Ngenxa yoko, e Austria banegunya ezininzi ebandleni. Kulo mzekelo, umzimba ummeli akuvamanga wadibana ngamandla ngokupheleleyo, kunye nemiba yangoku kufuneka isonjululwe kwaye inani elincinane leevoti.

Ukudalwa Confederation yaseJamani yaba kuyimfuneko yokuqala zonke States ezincinane, nto leyo efuna ukugcina isikhundla efanayo njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili hlaselo uNapoleon kaThixo. nempi eYurophu washixiza umda phakathi eJamani. UNapoleon wadala karhulumente iphaphethi, ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Ngoku oozilawuli ezincinane kunye nemizi ezamahala, wemka ngaphandle ukhuseleko kwamandla kwilixa buso umlawuli oyiNgcwele bonke uBukhosi baseRoma, bezama ukuba bazikhusele abamelwane ndlongondlongo.

Dlalo German ngo-1815 wayebalasele yi iintlobo-ntlobo kwezopolitiko. Ezinye urhulumente bakhe baphila phantsi lobuzwilakhe, ngoxa abanye babe nabameli, yaye kuphela neeyunithi-siseko wayo, zinciphisa amandla lo kumkani.

Revolution of 1848

Ngexesha ubukho German Confederation kummandla wayo ithi uqalise i-revolution mveliso kunye ukuphucuka koqoqosho. Ngenxa yoko, imeko yayisiba sabasebenzi, obengowabaya ezibangela revolution 1848. imiboniso Popular ngokuchasene norhulumente ngexesha elifanayo kwenzeka kwamanye amazwe amaninzi, kuquka France. E Austria, i-revolution wayenxibe umlinganiswa wesizwe - i Hungarians babefuna inkululeko. Aphulwa kuphela emva kokuhlangula eentloko ezaxhobela mlawuli kufika inkosi Russian Nicholas I.

Kwamanye amazwe German revolution ka-1848 yakhokelela nokuvulwa kwayo. Kwamanye amazwe, yamkela umgaqo-siseko.

War Austria-Prussia kunye nokuchithwa

Ekuhambeni kweminyaka, lo umahluko kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho phakathi kwamalungu ezahlukahlukeneyo manyano ikhule kuphela. Amazwe amaninzi ezinamandla baqalisa Prussia kunye Austria. Kumalunga ingxabano phakathi kwabo - ngabo baza kumanyana eJamani. Abantu German ngakumbi yayifuna ukuhlanganisa ibe bengatshatanga, njengokuba kuwo onke amazwe aseYurophu.

umfelandawonye German ayikwazanga ukugcina ezi eziphikisanayo, kwaye ngo-1866 waqhekeza kwiMfazwe Austria-Prussia. Vienna kunye Berlin baye bagqiba ukusombulula iimbambano zazo ngezigalo. Ukongeza, kwicala Prussia wenza njengoko eItali, nto leyo efuna ukufumana eVenice, babengamalungu Austria, ukuligqiba unxulumano yabo. ithi Small German asinga, wema phezu kumacala ahlukeneyo ngothango.

Prussia iphumelele kubulela imfazwe ukuya noludumileyo kwezoqoqosho imbangi yakhe. Igalelo kunayo yonke impumelelo wenza edume Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, iminyaka emininzi, esukela inkqubo yokomeleza le lizwe. uloyiso Prussia kukhokelele kwinto yokuba i-German Union yayeka ukuba efanelekileyo. Yena bekuvela Agasti 23, 1866, inyanga emva yaphela imfazwe.

Endaweni yoko Prussia wadala North German Confederation, kwaye uBukhosi German yasekwa ngo-1871. Wawuquka onke amazwe aseJamani, kuquka zibangwe emva kwemfazwe neFransi. Kwakhona Austria phandle kwezi ziganeko abe lobukhosi mbini - Austria-Hungary. Zombini imibuso zatshatyalaliswa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.