Imbali kuphuhliso lweelwimi iinkqubo: emfutshane yonke into

Programming - ixesha elininzi kunye nenkqubo kunzima ukuqonda ukuba amandla ayikho ukuba wonke. ulwimi Machine siqulathe uluhlu algorithms kunye neekhowudi computer. Kunye neekhompyutha zanamhlanje izixhobo phambili kangaka ngenxa yokuba ihlelwa. Kwaye kwakungayi kuba imbali ngempumelelo ukuze uphuhliso lwe-software, ukuba wayengazange owasungula ulwimi olukhethekileyo koomatshini ekuhamba amagama zokomfuziselo iqokelelwe kwikhowudi kumatshini. Cinga indlela imbali kuphuhliso lweelwimi lwenkqubo nayo savela.

Autocode okokuqala ngo-1955, iinzame IBM developers phantsi kwesikhokelo yinjineli John Backus. Yaba ulwimi ekwinqanaba eliphezulu ekuthiwa Fortran, kungekhona iseti imiyalelo elula ekwanti, nokucwangciswa kweekhowudi enkulu, enabizwa abaqhubi okanye iilwimi algorithmic. Ukuba aguqulele zibe kumatshini autocode zaye kusungulwe abaguquleli nokuguqula algorithms kwaye wenze iqondakale yekhompuyutha. Oku kwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini: ekutolikwa kunye nokuhlanganiswa. Ngenxa elula kwefom Fortran ngokukhawuleza qatha ukusetyenziswa, kwaye abokugqibela babo yaye namhlanje yenye lwimi ethandwa computer.

Noko ke, asiyiyo autocode kuphela iimoto. Imbali kuphuhliso lweelwimi lwenkqubo Algol iyaqhubeka ngokudala ubuchule asetyenziswe ikakhulu kwindawo yenzululwazi kunye iqanjwa inani elikhulu kweekhonsepthi ezintsha. Esi siganeko kwenzeka ngo-1960. Kungekudala emva koko, ukubuza abasebenzi IBM wasungula ulwimi COBOL, yenzelwe ukuba isetyenziswe kwindawo yoshishino kwaye osetyenziselwa ukukhombisa ezimbaxa kunye nomthamo iinkcukacha zohlobo kwezoqoqosho.

Imbali kuphuhliso unjingalwazi iilwimi iinkqubo college uqhubeka Dartsmute T. uKurtz kunye George. Kemeny, abasungula le BASIC ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Kulula kakhulu Fortran, yaye ke ngoko esetyenziswa computer. Oko kwaba nomphumela uqhushumbo, waba engundoqo lwenkqubo iseti autocode, nokwenza iikhompyutha abasebenzisi ithambeka kakhulu.

Lula ukusetyenziswa kunye namathuba lonxibelelwano yababini - ezi iingenelo ezingundoqo ulwimi BASIC. Bobubi nazo zibandakanya ukungabikho izithintelo zokuhlela ukuba kaninzi liyazixakekisa ibenze nenengqondo bengasiqondi. Iinkqubo zidalwe yi BASIC, lonwabu kwindalo, kuba zisekelwe bengengabo abacwangcisi kunye neetoliki.

Namhlanje, izazinzulu aqhubeke esebenzela ukuphucula kunye uzama ukuzisa ucwangciso NjengoPascal, leyo yabalasela kwimbali ngakumbi kuphuhliso lweelwimi kweenkqubo. umdali wayo, lunikwa kugqalwa Unjingalwazi Zurich Polytechnic University Niklaus Wirth. Igama wakhe wokusungula wabanika ukuhlonipha NjengoPascal, nto leyo umyili wokuqala computer yokuqala. Le yenye lwimi ilula kakhulu ekhoyo lwenkqubo, likuvumela ukuba ubhale iinkqubo ezicacileyo kwaye ziqondakale.

kuba Imbali kuphuhliso lwenkqubo ebengayi ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle Ada, ogama emva uhlelo lokuqala obhinqileyo Ady Lavleys, intombi ngokubila ezaziwayo-kakuhle George Byron. It is a phambili ngakumbi yaye ubhetyebhetye ulwimi lokuprograma esekelwe Pascal.

Imbali Uphuhliso software anayo isixhobo yayo zininzi iilwimi lokuprograma abhaliweyo kwizicelo ezithile. Umzekelo, kwi Ukulinganisa wasebenzisa nabohanahaniso, Simkrit kunye GPSS. Ukulawula izixhobo ezisetyenziswa Fort ulwimi. iinkqubo System abhaliweyo C ngolwimi. Oovimba beenkcukacha zidalwe codasil ulwimi. Yokufundisa lwenkqubo Ilogo lula, Robic kunye algorithmic AP ulwimi Yershov.

Imbali sophuhliso lwenkqubo ukuya kona ukuphela akukabikho kwathiwa, yaye oku akulindelekanga ukuba yenzeke kwixa elizayo.