Ukuqulunqwa koMbuso waseRussia oseMdala

Ngokwabanye abaphandi, ukubunjwa kwelizwe elidala laseRashiya kwaba ngumphumo wokuhlanganiswa kwezizwe zase-East Slavic. Nangona kunjalo, bekukho iingxabano phakathi kwabangcali-mlando abaninzi kumbuzo wokubunjwa kukaRhulumente. Oku kubangelwa oko kuthiwa "i-Norman theory" eyavela malunga nama-200 edlulileyo.

Kwiminyaka endala, umnyaka we-862 ubizwa ngokuba yixesha lokubiza iinkosana zamaRark kunye noRurik, owabalawulayo, kumazwe aseSlavic. Le mfuneko yavela malunga nokusasazeka kweengxabano zangaphakathi. Abemi baseScandinavia (iinkosana zama-Varangi) babizwa kwiindawo ezithile "abantu abasentla" - abantu baseNormans.

Iingxoxo malunga nomsebenzi wazo waqala ngekhulu le-18 emva kokusungulwa kwe-Academy yeSayensi kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kukaPeter Omkhulu. Ngelo xesha, uSiverzer, uMiller noBayer bamenywa kwinkonzo yaseSt. Petersburg Academy baza baba ngabaqashi bokucinga ukuba kwakhiwa i-Old Old state. "Inkolelo kaNorman" yaphakamisa ukuba i-statehood yaziswa ngabantu baseScandinavia. Ngaloo ndlela, urhulumente waqalwa kungekhona ngamaSlav, kodwa ngabaphathi-amaRarangi. Ngelo xesha, enye, "ukuxilongwa kwe-antinorman" yaqala ukusasazeka. Abasunguli bayo, uLomonosov kunye noTrakoakovsky, baxela ukuba ukubunjwa kwelizwe elidala laseRussia lifanelekile kumaSlav.

Kwinqanaba elinye okanye enye, abaninzi beembali-mlando ngekhulu le-19 babengabalandeli benkxaso yokubunjwa kwamandla ngama-Varangi. Nangona kunjalo, inzululwazi yesiganeko yekhulu lama-20 yathobela i-theory yaseNorman ekugxeka kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, namhlanje uninzi lwabaphandi bembali abavumelani nentsholongwane yabemi baseNorman ekubunjweni kombuso waseRashiya, nangona kunjalo, iqondo le mpe mbelelo alixhomeki.

Kwiintlanga zaseMpuma zaseSlavic, iinkokheli zazibizwa ngokuba zikhulu. Umzuzwana wookumkani kunye neenkosana zombuso waqhutyelwa kwinduna yamaRarangi eRurik.

Emva kokufa kukaRurik, owayebusa e-Novgorod, ama-Varangi afika kwi-Dnieper. Umlawuli wokuqala wangaphambili waseRashiya nguOleg. Ulwazi oluthembekileyo ngaye lugcinwe. UOleg waqala ukuhlanganisa amazwe aseSlavic. Ngo-882 wabamba iKiev, wabulala iinkosana ku-Dir no-Askold. Emva kokuba enze umnqweno wesixeko, u-Oleg wabiza ngokuthi "unina wezixeko zaseRashiya." Ngaloo ndlela, ukubunjwa kwe-Old Russian state yaseKyrevan Rus kwenzeka.

Ngethuba lokubusa kukaOleg kwakukho iimfazwe eziliqela eziphumelelayo kunye neByzantium enamandla, kabili waya emkhankasweni eConstantinople. Ngenxa yolu msebenzi ngo-907 no-911, iRashiya yagqiba izivumelwano zoxolo.

Ukubunjwa kwelizwe elidala laseRashiya laqhubeka nangemva kokuba uGigor enyukele esihlalweni sobukhosi emva kukaOleg. Ngokweminye imithombo, wayeyindodana kaRurik. Ngethuba lokubusa kuka-Igor waqhubeka nokufakwa kwi-Kievan Rus yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zohlanga. Ngoko, waba negalelo ekuzalweni kwemimandla yaseRussia kwi-peninsula yaseTamansky, engaphantsi kwabantu besitalato. Ukongezelela, u-Igor wayekhuthele kakhulu kumgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle u-Oleg. Emva kwemikhankaso yempi yaseByzantium, wagqiba isivumelwano esizuzisayo kunye naye ngo-944. Omnye weenkosana zokuqala u- Igor wadibana nabantu beTurkiki - i-Pechenegs.

Umlawuli wokuqala, umlando owaziwayo, nguOlga, umhlolokazi weNkosana Igor. I-Princess ikwazi ukugcina amandla kungekhona kuphela eKiev, kodwa ngaphezu kweRashiya. Ngethuba lolawulo luka-Olga, imisebenzi yaseDanish yayilawulwa ngokuthe ngqo.

Ukwakhiwa kwelizwe elidala laseRashiya kwada kwada kwada kwaphela ukubusa kweYaroslav (1019-1054). Lo mlawuli wathola isiteketiso "Sisebulumko". I-Yaroslav yahlanganisana nayo yonke indawo yaseRashiya yamandulo ngamandla akhe. Inkosana yamkela i-"Inyaniso YaseRashiya" ikhowudi yokuqala yomthetho. Ngethuba lokulawula kwakhe, urhulumente wafikelela ngamandla akhe aphezulu.