Nerve ukuqgiba: iimpawu kunye nemiqondiso

Isivamvo sokujoja - yenye mizwa yokuqala ukuvela kwi usana. Kunye naye iqala ulwazi ihlabathi ngokwakhe. Ngcamlani ukuba umntu uziva xa zisitya - naye ngokwemfanelo ivumba, hayi ulwimi, njengoko kwakuthe ngaphambili. Nkqu ezakudala avakalisa ukuba indlela yethu ivumba nga kunceda nemeko enzima. Njengoko kubhaliweyo yi JRR Tolkien. "Ukuba umntu ulahlekile, njalo ukuya apho inuka ngcono."

nokwakheka

Ukuqgiba luvo cranial libhekisela kwiqela kwakunye uvakalelo ezizodwa luvo. imvelaphi yayo unxiba isifo eliphezulu kwaye ophakathi samarhanana sicatshulwa. enza iiseli neurosensory kwiinkqubo khona neuron yokuqala phecana ukuqgiba.

imicu unmyelinated Ishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amabini angene kuloo ndawo ibinomthwebeba cranial ngokusebenzisa kwipleyiti tyaba amathambo ethmoid. Apho, ukuba simanyene bulb ukuqgiba, nto leyo endleleni yesibini uvaleke. Ukususela iibhalbhu kuhamba ameva elide zemithambo, ezithunyelwa unxantathu ukuqgiba. Emva koko ke zahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini kwaye antywiliselwa kwipleyiti ngaphambili tubing kunye isahlulelo ngaphaya. Kukho abanye iindlela iiseli zemithambo-luvo.

Emva kokuba indlela neuron wesithathu uya neuron, elileli, indawo hook ukuya kwinkqubo ukuqgiba. Kule ndawo luvo ukuqgiba iphela. Okukhona kuyo ilula, ukuvumela oogqirha ukubhaqa zolwaphulo kwimimandla ezahlukeneyo nya.

imisebenzi

Kwaloo Isakhiwo kwegama ibonisa, yintoni na ukuba. Umsebenzi we-luvo ukuqgiba ukuba zifake amavumba kwaye zokucazulula ngayo. Balala emnyama, ukuvuza izinkcwe, ukuba livumba elithozamisayo, okanye, phezu koko, musani ukubacaphukisa ukugabha kunye nokugabha xa ivumba ulihlwempu.

Ukuphumeza oku isiphumo, luvo ukuqgiba udlula ukuyilwa reticular nokundulula brainstem. Apho, imicu uqhagamshele umphakathi esiphakathi, glossopharyngeal kunye imithambo vagus. Kulo mmandla nazo zibekwe ngumongo luvo ukuqgiba.

Kuyaziwa ukuba amavumba ezithile ukusenza iimvakalelo ezithile. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukunika indlela efanayo, luvo ukuqgiba ezinxulumene analyzer olubonakalayo subcortical, yobuchopho kunye ibizivalele.

anosmia

"Anosmia" bubonakala "ayengenalo nevumba". Ukuba le meko kwenziwa macala omabini, oko kusiza ukutshatyalaliswa isifo ngeempumlo (nokuthimliswa, sinusitis, polyp) kunye, njengokuba umthetho, akukho sisongelwa nayiphi imiphumo emibi. Kodwa ilahleko ngomnye umntu engakhange eve ukunuka kufuneka ucinge yintoni kungenwa yi-luvo ukuqgiba.

Ubangelwa sifo unako iphecana okanye ithambo ukuqgiba vestigial kwamathambo lukakayi, umzekelo, ipleyiti ethmoid. Le khosi ye-luvo ukuqgiba ngokubanzi ngokusondeleyo kwizakhiwo ithambo intamo. Umthambo ukonakalisa namaqhekeza bone emva ngokwaphulwa ngeempumlo, orbit maxillary. Ukonakala ibhalbhu ukuqgiba mhlawumbi ngenxa yokulimala le nto ingqondo, xa esiwa phezu Nape.

izifo ukudumba ezifana etmoidit, kwiimeko oluphambili zanyibilika ethmoid kwaye konakalise luvo ukuqgiba.

Hyposphresia and hyperospheresia

Hyposphresia - unciphiso seyiphi. Oko kunokuthi kwenzeke ngenxa yezizathu efanayo anosmia:

• ukuqina na isifo empumlweni;
• izifo arhabaxa;
• neoplasms;
• ukulimala.

Maxa wambi umqondiso okuphela kwemithambo iimpahla zobuchopho, okanye yamathumba le fossa sobuKristu cranial.

Hyperospheresia (ukwanda okanye esiba Isivamvo sokujoja), waphawula ngabanye labile ngokweemvakalelo, kwakunye kwezinye iindlela fane. ubuntununtunu Ukunyuka ukuya amavumba aba bantu basezela iziyobisi, ezifana cocaine. Ngamanye amaxesha hyperospheresia ngenxa yokuba lo luvo innervation ukuqgiba isasazwa ngaphezu indawo enkulu isifo ngeempumlo. Abantu abanjalo badla babe abasebenzi kwishishini aqholiweyo na.

Parosmiya: ngamaphupho ukuqgiba

Parosmiya - it zonakaliswa imbono sokujoja, leyo ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngexesha lokukhulelwa. maxa wambi parosmiya yezifo iqatshelwe schizophrenia, ngokoyiswa lamaziko subcortical ivumba (i gyrus parahippocampal kunye hook), xa fane. Xa izigulane ayoni anemia iimpawu ezifanayo wathi: kulinandipha ivumba yepetroli, ipeyinti, asphalt, ngetshokhwe.

Izitshanguba ye-luvo ukuqgiba kwi nomhlehlo zexeshana ebangela aura ethile phambi uxhuzula kwaye ibangela nemibono in ngengqondo.

Iindlela zokufunda

Ukuze ukufumanisa imeko ingqiqo yesigulane ivumba, luvo uphumeza iimvavanyo ekhethekileyo ingqalelo amavumba ezahlukeneyo. iziqholo salathisi ifanele ibe ngqwabalala kakhulu, ukwenzela ukuba ukuphazamisa ukusulungeka nokuhlola. Isigulane ucelwa ukuba umoya, uvale amehlo akho uze ucofe ethatheni umnwe. Emva kwale ikhala yesibini Itreyi ngokuthe elimnandi kweziyobisi. Lucebisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa eziqhelekileyo ukuba amavumba yabantu, kodwa ukuphepha ammonia, iviniga, ekubeni inhalation kodwa ukuqgiba, kwaye axakane luvo trigeminal.

Ugqirha ubhala iziphumo zeemvavanyo unokuwatyhila kuthelekiswa eqhelekileyo. Nokuba isigulane akakwazi igama iziyobisi, ubunyani Isivamvo sokujoja azibandakanyi luvo.

Yamathumba yengqondo kunye Isivamvo sokujoja

Xa yamathumba ingqondo kwendawo ezahlukeneyo, hematomas, kutsalwe utywala yokuwisa nezinye iinkqubo ukuba compress iziyobisi ubuchopho okanye cinezela phantsi ukuba ukuyilwa ithambo ukakayi. Kule meko Unokuba ukugxojwa enye okanye kabini-emalungana ivumba. Ugqirha kufuneka bazi ukuba luvo ukuba uwelile, oko ukuba indawo sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi kwelinye icala, hyposphresia kuba macala mabini.

Ekubulaleni luvo ukuqgiba yinxalenye kraniobazalnogo syndrome. Lubonakala yi ucinezelo hayi kuphela Medulla, kodwa ischemia yayo. Izigulane ukuphuhlisa ngezifo yokuqala izibini amathandathu luvo cranial. Iimpawu ukuze obungalinganiyo, kukho imidibaniso ezahlukeneyo.

unyango

Pathology of the ukuqgiba-luvo yokuqala inxalenye yaso zezona zixhaphakileyo ekwindla yaye ebusika, xa kukho omkhulu izehlo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla zosulelo kunye neAvian. ixesha elide sifo kungabangela ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo seyiphi. Ukufunyanwa umsebenzi-luvo kuthatha iinyanga ezilishumi ukuya kunyaka. Lonke eli xesha unyango Ikhosi ukukhuthazwa iinkqubo okungenisa kufuneka kwenziwe.

Kwisigaba etsolo ENT unika ukuyifundisa:

• impumlo therapy microwave kunye sinuses maxillary;
• ukuvuleleka UV ye isifo ngeempumlo, kunye nomthamo 2-3 biodozy;
• amaphiko magnetotherapy impumlo kunye sinuses maxillary;
• infrared kumaza ka 50-80 Hz e.

Unakho ukudibanisa iindlela ezimbini zokuqala, nabokugqibela ezimbini. Oku ikhawulezisa ukufunyanwa kwemisebenzi elahlekileyo. Emva recovery lwezonyango, unyango kwisimo physiotherapy kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• electrophoresis usebenzisa amalungiselelo "No-Spa", "Neostigmine", kwakunye nicotinic acid okanye lidazy;
• impumlo phonophoresis kunye sinuses imizuzu elishumi yonke imihla;
• spectrum radiation laser ebomvu;
• electrostimulation endonasal.

Ikhosi nganye unyango lwenziwa ukuya kwiintsuku ezilishumi kunye ngamakhefu iintsuku ezilishumi elinesihlanu ukuya kumashumi amabini ngaphambi ukubuyiselwa ngokupheleleyo umsebenzi luvo ukuqgiba.