Ukuqedwa kwexesha elide lobugqila e-US

Ukupheliswa kobukhoboka eMelika, kunye ne-serfdom yaseRashiya, kwenzeka ekuqaleni kweminyaka engamashumi ama-60 eXIXX. Kwiziganeko, zininzi ngokufanayo, kwaye ukungafani kwimiqathango yenkululeko kunye neemeko zezopolitiko.

Isilungiso kuMgaqo-siseko weMerika yaseMntla yaseMerika yamkelwe yiCongress ngomhla wokugqibela kaJanuwari 1865. Kwiminyaka emine, ukuqedwa kobukhoboka eUnited States, "inqaba yenkululeko nentando yeninzi," kwenzeka emva kweRussia, "intolongo yeentlanga".

Isilungiso ngokwaso sichasene nokunqandwa kobukhoboka okanye ukukhonza ngokungabandakanyekanga, ngaphandle kweemeko apho kukho isigqibo sokwahlulela. Yanika iCongress ilungelo lokusebenzisa le tekisi njengesiseko somthetho wezomthetho.

Umbhali wesihlomelo nguAbraham Lincoln. "Ukumenyezelwa kokukhululwa kwamakhoboka" kwahanjiswa kubo emithathu iminyaka ngaphambili, kuzo zonke izigqila zavakaliswa zikhululekile. Enyanisweni, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuphumeza le miselo yomthetho. Umzantsi awulawulwa ngabasentla.

Iinjongo eziphambili zokwamukelwa kwayo kwakungenakuvelisa abantu abamnyama abamnyama baseMelika. Kwakukho iMfazwe Yomphakathi, kwaye isiseko soqoqosho sotsha (iMasebe aseMzantsi) kwakukho ezolimo. Kwiindawo zokutyala ezikhoboka ezisebenzisayo ukuba zidibanise le siseko phantsi kweenyawo ze-Confederates, kwakudingeka ukuba uye kwiimilinganiselo ezingathandekiyo nakwii-congressmen zaseNtshonalanga.

Njengamanje, kwiqela elimeleyo lexesha leLincoln, inkqubo yeqela lamabini eqhutywe. Ukupheliswa kokugqithiselwa kobukhoboka eUnited States kubangele ukuchaswa ngokutsha kwamaDemokhrasi. AmaRiphabhlikhi (uLincoln kunye nabalandeli bakhe) bafezekise injongo yabo ngazo zonke iindlela ezikhoyo, kubandakanya ukukhwabanisa nokukhwabanisa. Ukuchonga ubuthathaka kwi-reputation ye-congressman, babonisa ngenyameko ukuba kungenzeka ukupapasha iimfihlo ezifihlakeleyo. Ukurhafelwa kwanikela ivoti yokuvota ngokulungiselela ukulungiswa. Ngokwemvelo, uLincoln, ngokuyindoda yindoda ecacileyo, ufumene ukuthotyelwa komnye wemithetho echanekileyo kwimbali yoluntu, esebenzisa iindlela zenkohlakalo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu yinto apho ukupheliswa komthetho ku-United States kwenzeka khona. Indlu yabameli abavela kwiRicmond (i-capital of the Confederation) yafika kumazwe-ntetho-nxu lumano ukuze baxoxe ngemigomo yokuzinikela. Injongo yolu lungiso yilahleka, kodwa uLincoln, ethathwa yinkqubo yomzabalazo wezopolitiko, wadukisa amalungu endibano, ephikisa ukuzimisela koMzantsi ukuzinikela.

Ingcamango yokulingana kwabo bonke abantu baseMerika, kungakhathaliseki ukuba imbala yabo, yayingathandeki kule minyaka okanye eMzantsi. Ukupheliswa kobukhoboka e-United States kwakuhamba kunye neendlela ezininzi zomthetho, ngamanye amaxesha zenza ukuba zingenanto. Okulandelayo, i-XIV, ukulungiswa komGaqo-siseko (1868) ukuvimbela ukuthotyelwa komthetho omtsha wokubandlululwa ngamazwe, kodwa akazange afune ukupheliswa kwalabantu abadala. Abo bameli bevoti abavotele ukukhululwa kwamakhoboka babengenakuze bavunyelwe ngcamango yokuba abamnyama "abahlali abakhululekile" bangavota kwaye banyulwe ngokulinganayo kunye nabamhlophe.

Ulwahlulo (ukuhlukana kwezikolo, izithuthi, iihotele, iibhentshi zepaki kunye nezindlu zangasese zendawo kawonkewonke ezijoliswe kumnyama nomhlophe) zaqhubeka zisebenza kumazwe amaninzi asezantsi e-United States kude kube ngama-60 ekhulwini lama-20. Ngaphezu koko, kwakusandul 'ukutshatyalaliswa ukuba ukugqitywa kokugqithiswa kobukhoboka eUnited States akuzange kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni eMississippi. Unyaka ka-2013 wawungumhla wokunyamalala kwinqaba lokugqibela lokulwa nobuhlanga. Uxwebhu olwamkelwe ngo-1995 ngolunye u-18 lweminyaka lwadlula kwi-labyrinths yobukhosi, kwada kwagqitywa ngo-Febhuwari 7 yi-Register Register. Njengoko ilizwi lisithi: "Ukuphuculwa kancinci kunakuze kubekho".

Ngaba ukulingana okugqibeleleyo ngoku kugqibeleleyo? Ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusebenzi kuphela kuMerika ...