I-Dinosaur yexesha leJurassic kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaseJurassic. Ihlabathi lexesha leJurassic (isithombe)

Umhlaba wethu uneminyaka engamawaka amabhiliyoni ubudala, kwaye umntu wabonakala kuyo kungekude kakhulu. Kwaye izigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo, izidalwa ezahluke ngokupheleleyo zilawulwa nguMhlaba onamandla, ngokukhawuleza kwaye omkhulu. Ewe, sithetha ngezidinosaurs, ehlala phantse yonke indawo yeeplanethi ezininzi ezedlulileyo. Inani leentlobo zezi zilwanyana likhulu kakhulu, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kunokuthiwa ukuba ii-dinosaurs kunye nehlabathi lexesha leJurassic lilonke lalisona lihluke kakhulu. Kwaye eli xesha lingaqwalaselwa njengento ebalulekileyo yobomi bazo zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana nezilwanyana.

Ubomi bukho konke

Ixesha leJurassic lahlala iminyaka eyi-200-150 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ngelo xesha, isimo sezulu sitshisa kakhulu. Ubuninzi bezityalo, ukungabikho kwekhephu kunye nobanda kubangela ukuba ubomi emhlabeni kube khona kuyo yonke indawo: kumhlaba, emoyeni nasemanzini. Ukunyuka kwomswakama womoya kwakhokelela ekukhuleni kobundlobongela kwezityalo, okwaba kukutya kwezilwanyana, zikhula zibe zikhulu. Kodwa bona, njengezilwanyana ezincinci, babenokutya kwabadliwayo, iindidi ezinomdla kakhulu.

Umgangatho we-Ocean World uphezulu kakhulu kunoko ngoku, kunye nemozulu evumelekileyo yabangela iintlobo eziphathekayo zobomi emanzini. Ama-Shoals ayenama-mollusks kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci, ezaba zizidlo ezilwandle ezinkulu. Okungaphelelanga ngaphantsi kwaba bubomi emoyeni. Iindiza zama-dinosaurs ze-Jurassic-i-pterosaurs-i-dominated dominance esibhakabhakeni. Kodwa kwangexesha elifanayo, iinkozi zeentaka zanamhlanje zibonakala, kumaphiko apho kwakungenayo iimbumba zesikhumba, kunye neentsiba zazalelwa.

Dinosaurs zeerbivorous

Ixesha lexesha leJurassic linika iindawo ezininzi ezihlambulukileyo kwihlabathi. Uninzi lwalo lwalufikelela kumanqanaba amakhulu. I-dinosaur enkulu kakhulu yexesha leJurassic, i-diplodocus, ehlala kwintsimi ye-United States yanamhlanje, yafikelela ubude beemitha ezingama-30 kwaye ilinganisa iitoni ezili-10. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isilwanyana asinakondliwa kuphela ngokutya kwezityalo, kodwa ngamatye. Kwakunyanzelekile ukuba amacwecwe amancinci agule izityalo kunye neengcambu zemithi kwisisu sesilwanyana. Emva koko, amazinyo eDiplodocus ayemncinci kakhulu, ayengaphezulu kwesikhonkwane somntu, kwaye akakwazanga ukukunceda isilwanyana sihlakulele ukutya kokutya kwemifuno.

Akukho ngaphantsi kwe-brachiosaurus enkulu enesisindo esingaphezu kwesisindo seendlovu ezili-10, kwaye safikelela kwiimitha ezingama-30 ubude. Esi silwanyana sasihlala kwintsimi ye-Afrika yanamhlanje kwaye sondliwa ngamagqabi emithi ye-coniferous kunye ne-cycads. Isiqhwaba esinjalo sithatha kalula ihafu yesithandathu sokutya kwezityalo ngosuku kwaye sikhetha ukuhlala eduze kwamagumbi amanzi.

Ummeli othakazelisayo weerbivores zeli xesha - i-kentrosaurus - yayihlala kwintsimi yeTanzania yanamhlanje. Le dinosaur yexesha leJurassic yayinomdla kwisakhiwo sayo somzimba. Ngasemva kwezilwanyana kwakukho iiplati ezinkulu, kwaye umsila uhlanganiswe neentlobo ezinkulu, ukunceda ukulwa nezilwanyana. Isilwanyana sasingama-2 mitha ukuphakama kunye nobude obufikelela kwi-4.5 metres. I-Kentrosaurus yayilinganisa ubuncinane ngaphezu kwehafu yesithandathu, eyenza ukuba ibe yinto ehamba phambili ye-dinosaur.

Iidinosaurs zeCarnivorous zeJurassic

Iindidi zeerbivores zikhokelela ekuveleni kunye nenani elikhulu lezilwanyana, ngenxa yokuba imvelo isoloko isoloko. I-dinosaur enkulu kunye negazi e-Jurassic, i-Allosaurus, yafikelela ubude obude malunga neekhilomitha ezili-11, kwaye ukuphakama kwakuyiimitha ezine. Eli lidanga elinomlinganiselo weetoni ezi-2 ezizingelwayo e-US nasePortugal kwaye zathola isihloko somgijimi okhawulezayo. Akadli kuphela izilwanyana ezincinci, kodwa, ukujoyina ngamaqela, wazingela nakwiminyango enkulu, umzekelo, i-apatosaurs okanye i-kamarazaurs. Kule nto, umntu ogulayo okanye umntu omncinci wabethwa ngumzamo oqhelekileyo ovela emhlambini, emva koko babesidla.

I -fofosaur eyaziwa kakuhle, ehlala kwintsimi yaseMelika yamanje, yafikelela emitha emithathu ubude kwaye ilinganiselwa kuma-kilogram ayi-400. Isidlo esheshayo esinamabala ekhanda entloko, ummeli oqaqambileyo welo xesha, afana ne-tyrannosaurs. Ndizingela ama-dinosaurs amancinci, kodwa ngeebini okanye ngeegusha, ndiyakwazi ukuhlasela isilwanyana esasikhulu kunokobukhulu bayo. Ukuhamba ngamandla nokukhawuleza kwavumela i -fofosaurus ukuba ibambe i-scutellosaurus ngokukhawuleza nangokukhawuleza.

Ubomi boLwandle

Umhlaba awukuphela kwendawo ehleliwe ngama-dinosaurs, kwaye ihlabathi leJurassic emanzini lalikwahluke kwaye lidibeneyo. Ummeli oqaqambileyo welo xesha kwakuyi-plesiosaurus. Le ntsimi yamanzi ye-raptor yayinebudanga bentamo kwaye yafikelela ubude obufikelela kwiimitha ezili-18. Isakhiwo samasipha esineemsila ezimfutshane kodwa ezinobulungisa kunye nemifuno enamandla efana neendwangu zivumele ukuba le ndawo ikwazi ukuphuhlisa isivinini esiphezulu kwaye ibuse ekuhlaleni kolwandle.

I-dinosaur elwandle elincinci elincinci elincinci lexesha leJurassic yi-ichthyosaur, efana nehlengethwa yanamhlanje. Ubunqabileyo obunjalo kukuba, ngokungafani nezinye iipangolin, lesi sidalwa sazala ukuba siphile iintsana, kwaye asizange sibeke amaqanda. Wafika kwi-ichthyosaurus ezili-15 ubude ubude kwaye wazingela i-prey encinci.

Kumkani wezulu

Ekupheleni kwexesha leJurassic, iintshaba ezincinci, ii-pterodactyls, zanciphisa iindawo eziphakamileyo zasezulwini. Iphiko lephiko leli silwanyana lifikile kumitha enye. Umzimba wesidumbu wawungumncinci kwaye awuzange udlulele kwisiqingatha semitha, ubunzima bomzekelo omdala wafikelela kwi-2 kilogram. Isidlo sasingeke sikhuphe, kwaye ngaphambi kokuphuma kwinqwelo-moya, kwakudingeka akhwele ilitye okanye umbane. Wadla i-pterodactyl kunye neentlanzi ayezibona kumgama omkhulu. Kodwa yena ngezinye izihlandlo waba ngamaxhoba ngenxa yezilwanyana, kuba ehlabathini wayencipha kwaye engenangqondo.

Omnye ummeli weedinosaurs ezindizayo wayeyi-ramforin. Eyona nkulu kunokuba i-pterodactyl, eli lidalwa lilinganisa iikhilogram ezintathu kwaye linamaphiko afikelela kumitha ezimbini. Indawo yokuhlala ephakathi kweYurophu. Inxalenye yale dinosaur enamaphiko yayiyimsila ende. Amazinyo abukhali kunye nemisipha enamandla avumelekile ukuba abambe ixhoba elityebileyo kunye nelamanzi, kwaye isiseko sesilwanyana sasinentlanzi, i-mollusks kwaye, ngokumangalisayo, i-pterodactyls encinci.

Hlabathi eliphilayo

Ihlabathi ngelo xesha liphazamisa ukuhluka kwayo: kude nelo liphela labantu baseMhlabeni ngelo xesha kwakuyi-dinosaurs. Kwaye izilwanyana zaseJurassic zezinye iiklasi zaziqhelekileyo. Emva kwakho konke, ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yeemeko ezilungileyo, iifologi zavela ngendlela esazi ngayo ngoku. Amaqhekeza eFrog aveliswa, okuba yinto yokutya kwama-dinosaurs amancinci.

Iilwandle kunye nolwandle lwaluxhaphaza iintlobo zeentlanzi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana neentlanzi, imitha kunye nezinye izidumbu. I-Cephalopod mollusks, i-belemnites, yakha ikhonkco ephantsi kunazo zonke kwiindawo zokutya, kodwa iindawo zazo ezininzi zihlala zihlala kwindawo yamanzi. Ngeli xesha, ama-crustaceans avela, afana ne-barnacles, i-leaf-legged and decapod crayfish, kwakunye namapongi amanzi ahlambulukileyo.

Ikhonkco eliphakathi

Ixesha le-Jurassic liyabonakala ngokubonakala kookhokho beentaka. Kakade, i-Archeopteryx yayingeyona inyoni yanamhlanje, kwakunjalo, i-miniraptor eneentsiba. Kodwa okhokho kamva, obuye useLongipteryx, sele efana ne-kingfisher yanamhlanje. Nangona iintaka zelo xesha aziqabile, kodwa ziyimvelaphi yezinto ezintsha zokuziphendukela kwezilwanyana. IiDolasaurs zexesha leJurassic (ifoto ifakwe ngasentla) sele iphela, kodwa nangoku ngoku, ekhangele iindawo ezihlala ezinqabeni ezinkulu, uyazihlaziya ezi ziqhwala.