Ukuqala kwemfazwe. Indima Russia

The Great War Northern yaliwa phakathi Sweden kunye umfelandawonye States wasentla. Wawuqala iminyaka engaphezu kwama amabini, kwisithuba ukususela 1700 ukuya 1721 kwaye baphela ngokoyiswa Sweden. Indima ephambili uloyiso bobabo eRashiya. Oku wayilungiselela ophambili isikhundla yasemkhosini phakathi kwamazwe aseYurophu.

Unyaka wokuqala yemfazwe

Ukuqhambuka imfazwe eSweden bavela kakuhle kakhulu. Waye ubenesinqanawa eyomeleleyo kunye nomkhosi lokuqala-class. Sweden ekuqaleni wahlasela abamelwane zayo - Poland, Denmark, eRashiya. Babemise bakwazi ukufaka ezininzi umhlaba, nto leyo ebangele uqhankqalazo enkulu kunye ukunganeliseki. Konke oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni abamelwane ukhutyekisiwe, esitya lixesha elifanelekileyo, wayakha umfelandawonye nxamnye Sweden. Kukholelwa ukuba esi sisiqalo phaya kuMntla War. Izisusa zilula kakhulu: ukubuyela kummandla kobokuqala, lo gama Russia yabangela isikwere ezikufutshane ukuya kuLwandle lweBaltic.

Ukusabela Amanyeneyo

Ukuqhambuka imfazwe bekumele ukuba ukufunda. Ukuthatha ithuba uKumkani uCharles XII oselula, Amanyeneyo babesiya ukuhlasela Sweden macala omathathu. Kodwa emva kokufunda ngeengozi ukuba ubuso, Karl XII wagqiba ukuba ndimaphule ngowelinye iqela ngamnye. Ngenxa yoko, ekuqaleni imfazwe wahamba ngokwahlukileyo kakhulu. butho Swedish ATM Copenhagen ngokokuze umkhosi ukuba thela. Loo ally kuphela eRashiya, nto leyo wayenomkhosi, leyo usisiqhwala kakhulu imikhosi amandla ahlangeneyo.

Russia Kwanyanzeleka ukuba ngokungxamisekileyo ukwenza into ethile. umkhosi wayo, uniko manani, amawaka-35 abantu, ekuqaleni zokungqinga ka Narva. Nangona kunjalo, i-November 20, 1700, uKarl XII kunye nomkhosi wakhe babulala ukugalela obukhulu. amabutho Russian baye balahlekelwa enkulu. Le kokoyiswa uthathela phantsi isigxina Russia kwiqonga lelizwe jikelele.

Miscalculation kaCharles XII

Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni zomkhosi Amanyeneyo ibe ntle kakhulu. Sweden kakhulu ngokukhawuleza icinywe kwingxelo Russia, ekholelwa ukuba utshaba kuphela kule mfazwe nguye Rzeczpospolita. Banokusilela wobulali kuphela ubuntu uPetros. Waqalisa uqeqesho olujolisiweyo imfazwe. Uthando luyakha zokuzikhusela, ukugaya kunye namajoni zoqeqesho.

A ally ethembekileyo kumzabalazo wokulwa eSweden iRashiya waba Saxony. UPetros kuye luxhaswe ukumkani. Ukubonga, wathembisa ukuba enze kufumaneke umkhosi Saxon engange amabini amawaka, ikhulu elinamanci lamawaka ngonyaka.

Kulungile ilungiswe, Amanyeneyo aqala umlo. Imingcelele yanqoba Sweden. Bathi ke kubaluleke kakhulu, ukususela ekukhuliseni kokuhla mood emva kokoyiswa e Narva. Ukongeza, ibinceda ukugcina ekuqaleni kwiMfazwe Civil.

Rhoqo agcwalise amajoni kunye elungele idabi, uPetros wazama ukuphucula ubudlelwane Sweden waza wanikela izikhali. Noko ke, Sweden akathandi ukuqaphela ukuba iRussia iphumelele ilungelo lokufikelela kuLwandle lweBaltic. Ukongezelela eRashiya Lumkela iBritani namahlakani ayo. Nabo ke, babesoyika ukuba imfazwe Sweden iyangenelela dabi wokulandelelana iSpanish, yaye iya kuba kwicala French.

Ngenxa yoko Northern kweMfazwe ubukho kangangeminyaka emininzi yaye owabulala amawaka abantu. Russia woyisa ukudilika. Oku kuphela wabuyela ngaphambili ezilahlekileyo mmandla kodwa sizuze ezintsha.