Ukujonga umbala ngabantu. Umphumo wombala kumntu

Umntu unokukwazi ukubona ihlabathi elijikelezileyo kuzo zonke iintlobo zembala kunye nemibala. Uyakwazi ukunyamekela ukushona kwelanga, i-emerald e-greenery, isibhakabhaka esingapheliyo kunye nezinye izinto ezintle zendalo. Ukujonga umbala kunye neempembelelo zalo kwi-psyche kunye nomzimba womntu kuya kuxutyushwa kule nqaku.

Yintoni umbala?

Umbala ubhekisela kumbono ophantsi kobuchopho bomntu bokukhanya okubonakalayo, ukungafani kwindlela ebonakala ngayo, ebonakala ngeso. Abantu banako ukuhlukanisa imibala engcono kunezinye izilwanyana.

Ukukhanya kuthinta i-retenser photosensitive ye retina yelanga, kwaye emva koko bahlakulela uphawu oludluliselwa kwingqondo. Kubonakala ukuba ukujonga umbala kwenziwe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kwi-chain: iliso (amanethiwekhi omnatha we-retina kunye ne-exteroceptors) - imifanekiso ebonakalayo yengqondo.

Ngaloo ndlela, umbala kukuchazwa kwehlabathi elijikelezile ekukhathaleleni komntu, okubangelwa ukuqhutyelwa kweempawu ezisuka kwiiseli ezifakelayo ze-eye-cones kunye neentonga. Ngelo xesha, abo bangaphambili banomthwalo wokujonga umbala, kunye neyokugqibela ngokubaluleka kombono wokuhlwa.

"Imibala yokuphazamiseka"

Iso liphendula kwiitoni ezintathu eziphambili: okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza kunye nobomvu. Kwaye ingqondo ibona imibala njengento yokudibanisa le mibala emithathu engundoqo. Ukuba i-retina ilahlekelwa yikhono lokuhlukanisa umbala, ngoko umntu uyayilahleka. Ngokomzekelo, kukho abantu abangakwazi ukwahlula uhlaza olubomvu. Ku-7% wamadoda kunye ne-0.5% yabasetyhini kukho izinto ezinjalo. Kunqabile kakhulu abantu abayiboni imibala ngeenxa zonke, kuthetha ukuba iisamu ze-receptor kwi-retina yazo azisebenzi. Abanye bafumana umboniso obuthathaka obuthathaka-oku kuthetha ukuba banamathanga athathaka. Iingxaki ezinjalo ziphakama ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo: ngenxa yokusilela kwe-vitamin A okanye iindalo ezifa. Nangona kunjalo, umntu unokuzivumelanisa "nemibala yokuphazamiseka", ngoko ke ngaphandle koviwo olukhethekileyo, akunakukwazi ukuwafumana. Abantu abanemibono eqhelekileyo bayakwazi ukufikelela kwii-shades eziliwaka. Umbono wombala ngumntu uhluka ngoxhomekeke kwiimeko zehlabathi elijikelezile. Ithembo efanayo libukeka ehlukile ekukhanyeni kwamakhandlela okanye elangeni. Kodwa umbono womntu ngokukhawuleza ulungelelanisa nale nguqu kwaye ubonisa umbala oqhelekileyo.

Ifomu yokuqonda

Ukwazi imvelo, umntu waqhubeka efumanisa imigaqo emitsha yomyalelo wehlabathi - ukulinganisa, ishythm, umlinganiselo, ukulinganisa. Ngaloo nto ibonakalisiweyo wayekhokelwa, ukuguqula indawo, ukudala ihlabathi lakhe elikhethekileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, izinto eziyinyaniso zanikezela kwimifanekiso emihle engqondweni yomntu, ihamba kunye nemvakalelo ecacileyo. Ukuqonda kwefomu, ubukhulu, umbala udibene nomntu kunye neentsingiselo zokutshatyalaliswa kweenombolo zejometri kunye nemigca. Ngokomzekelo, ngokungabikho kwamacandelo, uqobo luyabonwa ngumntu njengento engapheliyo, engenakunokwenzeka, ekhuphukayo, ekukhanyeni. Ukunyuka kwezantsi okanye isiseko esingqambileyo kwenza kube lukhuni emehlweni omntu ngamnye. Kodwa ukudibanisa kufanekisela ukunyakaza kunye neentshukumo. Kuvela ukuba ukubunjwa, ngokusekelwe kumatshini acacileyo kunye nemigangatho engqongqo, inokubangela ukuba kube yimbeko, i-static, uzinzo, kunye nomfanekiso esekelwe kwi-diagonals-ukuhluka, ukungazinzi nokuhamba.

Impembelelo kabini

Kuye kwaqaphela yonke into yokuba umbono wemibala uhambelana nefuthe elixinekile lemvakalelo. Le ngxaki yafundwa ngokucacileyo ngabapapa. UVV Kandinsky uqaphele ukuba umbala unempembelelo emibini kumntu. Okokuqala, amava omntu ngokwasemzimbeni xa iliso lithengiswa ngumbala okanye lucasulwa yilo. Le ngcamango ifikeleleka, ukuba iya kuzinto eziqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kumxholo ongavamile (umzobo womdwebo, umzekelo), umbala ungabangela amava anzima. Kule meko, sinokuthetha ngolu hlobo lwesibini lwempembelelo yombala kumntu ngamnye.

Umphumo womzimba wombala

Uvavanyo oluninzi lweengqondo kunye ne-physiologists liqinisekisa amandla ombala ukuba atshintshe imeko yomntu. UDkt. Podolsky uchaze umbono wokubonakala kombala ngumntu ngale ndlela.

• Umbala obomvu - unempembelelo ye-antiseptic. Ku luncedo ukukhangela xa uxhaswa kwaye ushushu. Umthunzi womntu ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka unceda okungcono kunokuba luhlaza. Kodwa "ukudlula ngaphezulu" kwalo mbala kubangele ukudakumba nokukhathala.
• Oluhlaza luxhomekeka kwaye lufana ne-analgesic. Iyakuthintela ngokuqinisekileyo inkqubo yentsholongwane, isuse ukukhubeka, ukukhathala nokulala, kunye nokuphakamisa ithoni kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi .
• Umbala ophuzi - uvuselela ingqondo, ngoko kunceda ukuhluleka kwengqondo.
• Umbala we-Orange - unomphumo othabisayo kwaye ukhawuleza ukujikeleza, ngaphandle kokuphakamisa uxinzelelo lwegazi. Uphucula imvakalelo, iphakamisa ubunzima, kodwa ixesha linokukhathala.
• Umbala we-Violet - uphatha imiphunga, imithana yegazi, intliziyo kunye nokwandisa ukunyamezela kwemizimba yomzimba.
• Umbala obomvu - unempembelelo yokufudumala. Ivuselela ingqondo, isuse i-melancholy, kodwa kwimiba emikhulu iyacaphuka.

Iintlobo zembala

Ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umntu unokuhlawula umphumo wombala ekuboneni. Kukho inkolelo ngokubhekiselele kuwo onke amathoni angabelana ngokufudumalayo (ukufudumala), ukutshatyalaliswa (kubanda), i-pastel, i-static, izithulu, ubumnyama obufudumele kunye nobumnyama obubandayo.

Imibala ekhuthazayo (efudumeleyo) ikhuthaza ukuzonwabisa kwaye isebenze njenge-stimuli:

• I-Red-life-affirming, strong-willed;
• I-Orange - epholile, efudumeleyo;
• Ubumnyama - obuqhaqhazelisayo, oqhagamshelwano.

Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo (amaqabunga) amathandabuzo:

• Violet - enzima, enzulu;
• Ubomvu - ugxininisa umgama;
• Isikhokelo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esibangela isikhala;
• Uhlaza okomhlaza ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka - utshintsha, ugxininisa ukuhamba

Imibala ye-Pastel ibonakalisa umphumo wembala ecocekileyo:

• I-Pink - engaqondakaliyo kwaye ilula;
• I-Purple - yodwa kwaye ivalwe;
• I-pastel eluhlaza - ithambile, iyinyanzelo;
• I-Grey-blue - ingqondi.

Imibala eqingqiweyo inokulinganisela kunye nokuphazamisa kwiipayipi ezithandekayo:

• Uluhlaza olungqalileyo - luhlaziya, lufuna;
• I-Olive - ithambisa, iphoyisa;
• Uluhlaza obomvu-ukukhulula, ukuvuselela;
• I-Purple - i-ambitious, exquisite.

Izithulu ezizithulu zinomthelela ekugxinineni (abamnyama); Musa ukubangela umdla (grey); Ukucima (umhlophe).

Imibala emnyama ebomvu (obomdaka) ibangela ukunyuka, inertia:

• I-Ocher - iyanciphisa ukukhula kokonwaba;
• Ubunobumba obunzima - buzinzisa;
• Ubumnyama obumnyama - kunciphisa ukunyuka.

Amathoni apholileyo amnyama (amnyama kunye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama omnyama, ohlaza okomhlaza-ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka) unqande kwaye ahlukanise ukucaphuka.

Umbala nobuntu

Ukujonga umbala kakhulu kuxhomekeke kwimpawu zobuntu bomntu. Le nyaniso yayibonakaliswa kwimisebenzi yakhe malunga nombono wemibala yombhali waseJamani uMnuz Lyusher. Ngokomxholo wakhe, umntu ohlala kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zesimo sengqondo kunye nengqondo angasabela ngendlela eyahlukileyo kumbala ofanayo. Kule meko, iimpawu zemibala ebonakalayo zixhomekeke kwinqanaba lophuhliso lomntu ngamnye. Kodwa nangona unobuthathaka obuthathaka, imibala yento ejikelezileyo iyabonakala ingenangqondo. Iimpawu ezifudumele kunye nokukhanya zikhangisa iliso ngaphezu kobumnyama. Kwaye ngexesha elifanayo licacile, kodwa imibala enobuthi ibangele ukuxhalaba, kwaye amehlo omntu afuna ngokukhawuleza afune umthunzi obomvu okanye umthunzi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuphumla.

Faka umbala kwiintengiso

Kwibheno zentengiso, ukhetho lombala alukwazi ukuxhomekeka kuphela kwintetho yomyili. Emva koko, iitoni ezikhanyayo zinokutsala ingqwalasela yomxhasi, kwaye yenza kube nzima ukufumana ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Ngoko ke, ukucinga kwefomu nombala womntu kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kudala ukukhangisa. Izigqibo zinokungalindelekanga: umzekelo, kwimvelaphi ye-motley yemifanekiso eqaqambileyo, ingqwalasela yomntu ongenakunqweneleka iya kutsalwa ngummiselo omnyama kunye nomhlophe, kunokuba kubhalwe umbala.

Abantwana kunye nemibala

Ukubona umbala ngabantwana kukhula kancane. Okokuqala bahlukanisa amathoni afudumele kuphela: obomvu, oonobumba kunye nolwaphuzi. Emva koko ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo kubangela ukuba umntwana uqala ukuqonda imibala eluhlaza, eluhlaza, eluhlaza okomhlaza nokuhlaza. Kwaye kuphela ngobudala, umntwana uyafumaneka zonke iintlobo zeetoni kunye nemibala. Kwiminyaka emithathu, abantwana badla ngokubizwa ngokuthi imibala emibini okanye emithathu, kwaye bafunde malunga nohlanu. Kwaye abanye abantwana bahlula ngokucacileyo ithoni eyisiseko nakwiminyaka emine. Bahluleka ukuhlula imibala, abayikhumbuli amagama abo, bathathe indawo yee-shades eziphakathi kunye nezona zinto ezisisiseko, njalo njalo. Ukuze umntwana afunde ukuqonda umhlaba ojikelezileyo, umntu makamfundise ngokuchanekileyo ukuhlukanisa imibala.

Ukuphuhliswa kombala wokuqonda

Ukususela esemncinci, umntu kufuneka afunde umbala wembono. Ingane yendalo inomdla kwaye ifuna iinkcukacha ezahlukeneyo, kodwa kufuneka uyenzise ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuze ungasicasuli ngengqondo yengqondo yomntwana. Ngasemncinci ubudala, abantwana baqhelanisa umbala nomfanekiso wento. Umzekelo, uhlaza-iKrisimesi umthi, i-yellow-inkukhu, i-blue-sky kunye njalo. Utitshala kufuneka asebenzise ngokunjalo le mzuzwana kwaye aphucule umbala wokuqonda usebenzisa iifom zendalo.

Umbala, ngokungafani nobukhulu kunye nesimo, ungabona kuphela. Ngoko ke, xa uqikelele ithoni, indima enkulu inikwe i-juxtaposition. Ukuba imibala emibini ibekwe ecaleni, umntwana ngamnye uya kuqonda ukuba ayenye okanye ahlukile. Ngaloo xesha akadingeki ukuba awazi igama lombala, kwanele ngokwaneleyo ukwenza imisebenzi enjengokuthi "Tyala zonke iiflemvane kwintyatyambo yombala ofanayo." Emva kokuba umntwana efunde ukubonakala ngokucacileyo aze ahambelane nemibala, kuyaqondakala ukuba uqhubeke nokukhethwa ngokwemodeli, oko kukuthi, ukuphuhlisa kwangempela umbala wokubona. Ukwenza oku, ungasebenzisa incwadi ethi GS Shvaiko ibiza ngokuthi "Imidlalo kunye nemidlalo yemidlalo yokuphuhlisa intetho." Ukukwazi kunye nemibala yehlabathi elijikelezileyo kukunceda abantwana bazive benomzimba obunqabileyo kwaye bazalisekile, bahlakulele ukucinga, ukukhumbula, ukuphucula intetho.

Umbala obonakalayo

Uvavanyo olunomdla kuye lwabekwa ngumhlali waseBrithani - uNeil Harbisson. Wayengazi indlela yokuhlukanisa imibala ebuntwaneni. Oogqirha bamfumene i-defect-defect-achromatopsia. Umfana ubona inyaniso ejikelezileyo njengokungathi kwi-cinema emnyama nomhlophe kwaye wazijonga njengomntu osuswe ngumntu. Ngenye imini, uNeal wavuma ukuvavanya waza wavuma ukutshala ekhanda lakhe ithuluzi elikhethekileyo le-cybernetic elimvumela ukuba abone ihlabathi kuyo yonke imibala eyahlukileyo. Kuvela ukuba ukujonga umbala weso akuyimfuneko. Emuva kweNayile, i-chip kunye ne-antenna ene-sensor yabe isetyenzisiwe, leyo ibamba ukutshintsha nokuyiguqulela ibe yintsingiselo. Kule meko, inqaku ngalinye lihambelana nombala othile: i-red-red, il-green, i-blue - njalo. Ngoku kuHarbisson, ukutyelela kwivenkile kufana nokuvakashela iklabhu yasebusuku, kwaye igalari yezithombe imkhumbuza ukuba uya ePhilharmonic. I-teknoloji inike iNayile ibe yinto engakaze ibe yinto engafanelekanga kuyo: isandi esibonakalayo. Le ndoda ibeka iimvavanyo ezithakazelisayo ngomvakalelo wakhe omtsha, umzekelo, iza kufuphi nabantu abahlukeneyo, ihlolisise ubuso babo kwaye ibumba umculo weefayili.

Isiphelo

Unokuthetha ngokujonga umbala ngonaphakade. Uvavanyo lukaNeil Harbisson, umzekelo, lubonisa ukuba i-psyche yomntu iseplastiki kwaye iyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa neemeko ezingavamile. Ukongezelela, kuyacaca ukuba abantu banomnqweno wobuhle, bavakaliswe kwisidingo sangaphakathi sokubona umhlaba unemibala, kungekhona i-monochrome. Umbono uyisimbo esiyingqayizivele kunye nesicatshulwa, ukufundisisa okuza kuthatha ixesha elide. Funda malunga nayo ngokunokwenzeka kunokuba luncedo kuwo wonke umntu.