UAlfred Adler, isazi sengqondo: i-biography, iincwadi

UAlfred Adler uyigqirha yezengqondo, odokotela beengqondo kunye nomcingeli. Ufumene udumo lomhlaba wonke ngenxa yokuphuhliswa kwengcamango yakhe yokuba wonke umntu kufuneka alwele ukuveza iimfuno zabo ezizodwa, izakhono kunye nobuchule. U-Alfred Adler nguye umdali weengqondo. Oku kwakuyinkqubela yangempela kwimbali yeengcinga zenzululwazi. Wakhela ingcamango apho umntu waqala ukujongwa ngombono womntu ngamnye onemikhwa kunye neemfuno zakhe.

Alfred Adler. Biography

Ingcali yenzululwazi yazalwa ngoMeyi 28, 1937 kwintsapho enkulu yamaYuda. Ubuntwana kunye nolutsha lwakhe lwadlula emzabalazweni wempilo yabo: UAlfred wakhula inkwenkwe ebuthathaka neyintlupheko. Iimpazamo ezihlala zihlala zikhusela ukuthetha noontanga. Kwaye ke, njengomntwana, u-Alfred Adler wafunda ukuzithela kancinci, ukuba asebenze kwisimo sakhe sangaphakathi. Wayechukumisa ngenjongo umlingiswa, waqeqesha intando kunye nomzamo wokucinga. Ngelinye ilanga umntwana wayekufutshane nokufa, kodwa wamhlula. Indoda enkulu yokuzilibazisa yayifunda. Wafunda inani elikhulu leencwadi ezineempembelelo ezibonakalayo ekubunjweni kwehlabathi lakhe.

Emva kokuba ngumntu omdala, u-Adler wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseVienna kwiziko lezonyango. Kamva unentshisekelo enkulu kwizifo zengqondo kunye neurology. U-Alfred wayefuna ukuzichazela izizathu zezifo ezininzi kwaye, ngoko ke, kwizifundo zakhe zaphendukela kwisayensi yengqondo. Emva kokugqiba, le ndoda yafumana idigri kwaye yakwazi ukuqhubeka nomsebenzi wayo. Namhlanje uyaziwa njengombhali weencwadi ezininzi kunye nemisebenzi yesayensi. Makhe siqwalasele ezinye zazo kweli nqaku.

UAlfred Adler "Ukuqonda uhlobo lomntu"

Enye yeencwadi ezidumileyo ezinefuthe elinamandla ekuphuhlisweni kweengqondo zobuntu. Kulo msebenzi umxholo ophambili yilo: wonke umntu ebomini wenza ukhetho lwakhe. Uhlobo luni lendlela eya kuqhubeka ngalo, ngokuqhubekayo lusekela isimo sengqondo ebomini ngokubanzi kunye nokubonakaliswa kwayo ngokukodwa. Wonke umntu kufuneka alwele ukuqonda ubunjani bakhe.

Ngaphandle koko, kuya kufuneka alwe nemibono yakhe yonke ebomini bakhe, aphikise imibutho karhulumente kunye nemigangatho yokuseka. Yilokho u-Alfred Adler athi kule ncwadi. "Ukuqonda ubunjani bomntu" yincwadi enhle ukuba wonke umntu afunde. Umbhali ugxininisa ukuba thina ngokwethu sijongene nesigqibo esenziwe ngokukhawuleza: sinokuba nempembelelo engalindelekanga kulo lonke ubomi obulandelayo.

"Inzululwazi Yokuphila"

Enyanisweni, kufuneka ifundiswe kwizikolo zasesekondari nakwiiyunivesithi. Inzululwazi yokuphila imele ifundwe xa iselula. UAlfred Adler ugxininisa ukuba kude nomntu wonke uyazi ubugcisa bokuphila obuchanekileyo kunye nobunye. Abantu abaninzi ngokubanzi abazange bacinge ngezizathu zezenzo zabo, abazi ukuba bahlalutye njani oku kwaye bathathe izifundo kwixesha elizayo. U-Adler utyhila kumfundi iinjongo zangempela zeengxabano zangaphakathi, uxinzelelo olude olukhokelela ekudakaleni.

I-Science of Living ichaza ukuba kutheni abanye abantu abakwazi ukufumana ulonwabo naphezu kokulwela iminyaka emininzi, kanti abanye, nangaphandle kokungabikho kwimiba ebalulekileyo yempilo-mali, basesimweni sokuvisisana nabo kunye nesimo sangaphakathi. Le ngcamango igxininiswe kwisicatshulwa nguAlfred Adler. I-psychology of individuality inyukisiwe kule ncwadi.

"Imfundo yabantwana. Ukusebenzisana ngesondo »

U-Adler kwizifundo zakhe wathintela ekuphuhliseni ubuntu kumntwana. Wayegxininisa ukuba ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala kakhulu kuyimfuneko ukuzisa abantu ngabanye. Oku kungenziwa njani ngokusebenza? Okokuqala, kuyimfuneko ukufunda ukuhlonela umntu, ukujonga ngokucinga kwakhe. Ngaphandle koko, loo mntu akanako ukuphumelela kwikamva, ukufezekisa uphuhliso oluphezulu lwezakhono.

"Iimvavanyo kwiengqondo ezithile"

Kule ncwadi, u-Adler unikela imizekelo ebonakalayo yokuba umntu ngamnye uhlala njani kubantu. Ngokucacileyo kwaye uchaza ngokufudumele onke amava abantu abamele bahlangabezane nawo, ibonisa yonke inkqubo yangaphakathi yengqondo.

Ngaphambi kokuba ube ngumntu, njengomgaqo, kufuneka uhambe ngendlela ende, unqobe iingxabano ezininzi, wenze isigqibo malunga neenjongo kunye nemisebenzi yekamva, kwaye ube nesibindi sokuguqulela into.

"Iingqondo zobuntu njengendlela yokufumana ulwazi nolwazi lomntu"

U-Adler wayeqwalasela isayensi yomphefumlo njengengxenye ebalulekileyo yophuhliso lomntu. Ukuqonda ngokubanzi kwenziwa kuphela ngumntu ngamnye. Umntu ngamnye ngokwakhe ukhetha ukhetho, yintoni ekufuneka aqondise ngayo imizamo yakhe. Ukwazi ukuzimela akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwengcamango ephuculweyo kunye nokukwazi ukuqonda izizathu zakho.

Kule ncwadi, umbhali ubona umbuzo wendlela umntu eqala ngayo ukuqonda ubunjani bakhe ngaphakathi, yiziphi iinzame azenzayo. "Iingqondo zobuntu" kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha kwabantu kwezinye iimeko ezinzima. Uninzi lwabantu lulahlekile kwaye alukwazi ukuba lufanele lwenze njani. Abambalwa kuphela abaqhubeka besenza ngokuzithemba nangomdla.

"I-Psychology of Difference Individual"

Kuyaziwa ukuba sonke siyahluke. Umntu ngamnye unemikhono yakhe kunye nokukhetha kwakhe. Ukwahlukana komntu phakathi kwabantu ngokuqhelekileyo kuba yimbangela yeengxabano zangaphandle ezikhokelela ekungaqondani. Kule ncwadi, umbhali uphendukela kumandla akhe okucinga ukuqonda iimpawu ezahlukileyo zomdlali wakhe, ukuzama ukumqonda.

Ngaloo ndlela, u-Alfred Adler wayeyinkosi enkulu yengqondo. Iincwadi zakhe kwaye nanamhlanje zihlala zifuna ngokukodwa, ezifanelekileyo. Bayamnceda umntu ofuna ukufumana ukunyaniseka kwakhe, ukufumana imvelo ngokomoya, ukuqonda imbangela yeengxabano ezininzi zangaphakathi kunye nezithintelo zokuzonwabisa. Ulwazi lokuzimela apha luqhagamshelweyo olubalulekileyo kunye noluncedo, olwenza ukuba kuqhube phambili ngokukhawuleza.