Yintoni i-epic encwadini: inkcazo

I-Snow Maiden, uBaba-Yaga, i-Ivan-Tsarevich-amabali kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwala manqaku abantu abaninzi banokuva xa beselula. Nangona kunjalo, ihlabathi leengoma licebile kakhulu, iqulethe iindaba ezingamagama kuphela, kodwa neengoma, i-ballads, ii-epics. Akuyena wonke umntu oya kukwazi ukunika impendulo echanekileyo kumbuzo wento enqabileyo kwiincwadi, yintoni indima yayo. Ngoko, yintoni le nto?

I-Byliny kwiincwadi zesiRashiya: Imbali

Leli qela laqala ukusetyenziswa kuphela ngo-1839, lenziwe ngu-folklorist Ivan Sakharov. Ekuqaleni imisebenzi ehambelana nalo hlobo lubizwa ngokuba "ngamaxesha amadala", "amaxesha amadala". Uninzi lwazo lwangaphambili lwaziwa ngekhulu le-10, ngelo xesha baxelelwa ukuba bahambisane ne-psaltery. Kwixesha elizayo, isithethe sokusetyenziswa komculo saphelile. Ukupapasha amabali anjalo aqala kuphela ngekhulu le-18 leminyaka.

Ngoko, yiyiphi into ebalulekileyo kwiincwadi? Inkcazo isandila ngokufutshane njengengoma-ngqungquthela yengoma, enye yezinto ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa bomlomo, onobunqabileyo bokuthanda izwe. Amaqhawe abo mabali baba ngamaqhawe. Iziganeko ezinxulumene nobomi baseRashiya yasendulo, kukuvumela ukuba ucinge ngendlela abantu bacinga ngayo, behlala kwii-IX-XIII zeenkulungwane.

Iimpawu zolu hlobo

I-Bylins kwiincwadi zesiRashiya zazichazwe ngokugqithiseleyo ngeziganeko zobuqhawe, ngokuqhelekileyo zaziqwalasela ezinye okanye ezinye iziganeko ezenzeka umdla. Izicatshulwa zathathwa zombini kwimbali ye-Kievan Rus, kunye neziganeko zezihlandlo zangaphambili. Phakathi kwabalinganiswa bezinto ezinjalo, ngaphezu kweemfazwe ezinamandla ezilwa nobubi, kukho imifanekiso emnandi, umzekelo, iNyoka uGorynych, u-Nightingale umphangi. Kwakhona, indima yamaqhawe aye kwiimbali zembali zangempela ezifana neenkokheli zaseKieg Igor, Vladimir.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo kwiincwadi? Kwakhona ngumsebenzi ongenabumbhali. Imithetho ihamba ukusuka kwisizukulwana kuya kwisizukulwana, ifumana iinkcukacha ezintsha ezithakazelisayo. Abantu abenza iingoma zamaqhawe babebizwa ngokuba ngabahloniphekileyo ngokuthi "ngabadlali beendaba." Babenyanzelekile ukuba bangazikhumbuza imisebenzi ngentliziyo, kodwa bakwazi ukuwahambisa ngokubala, ukuba bangavumeli ukuphazamiseka kwentsingiselo.

Ulwakhiwo

Ukuzama ukuqonda into ebalulekileyo kwiincwadi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ucinge ngolu hlobo lwesicatshulwa. Eyona nto, imisebenzi yayinezinto ezintathu zokubumba: ukucula, ukuvula, ukuphela. Amabali aqala ngoma ingoma, eyayiyintlobo yesingeniso. Ukususela kwingoma kwakudingeka ukuba ungayichazi ngengoma yembali yembali, kodwa ukubeka ingqalelo kubaphulaphuli.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo kwiincwadi ngaphandle kwesiqalo? Yimalunga nebali ngokwayo, eyayikela abaphulaphuli kwiziganeko eziphambili, ezichazwe kwintsimi esebenzayo kwifom eqingqiweyo. Kufuneka ukuba kubekho kunye nokuphela, okufana nokugqithisa. Kwakhona, indima yokuphela ingacingwa ngesohlwayo.

I-epic ibonakala ngevesi leetonic, elibizwa ngokuba yivesi. Kwiimigqaliselo yeendinyana, inani elifanayo leengcinezelo lalifunekayo, ngelixa inani leelllabha lingahluke. Ukuxinezeleka kokuqala kwakukho kwi-syllable yesithathu, kubalwa ukususela ekuqaleni. I-syllable yesithathu, ukubala ukususela ekupheleni, ibhalwe ngophawu lokugqibela. Kwakunomdla kakhulu ubuninzi beefomula ze-epic, umzekelo othi "amehlo ecacileyo".

Amaqhawe amaqhawe

Abalinganiswa abadumileyo banomculo wobuqhawe, njengamaqhawe amathathu. Ngaphandle kweDobryni, Alyosha, Ilya, yiyiphi iincwadi eziphambili? Incazelo yaloo mi sebenzi ingoma yeqhawe-ngamabali (kukho iingoma zentlalo). I-Muromets, i-Nikitich kunye nePopovich babedume ngenxa yokuxhaphazwa kwabo kwemikhosi, basebenzela uVladimir Krasno Solnyshko.

Umzekelo we-Epic heroic epic ibali elichaza umzabalazo phakathi kukaIlya waseMurom kunye no-nightingale owonayo umphangi onokuyonakalisa ubomi obuzungezile ngokuncedwa ngumlozi. Iqhawe elikhulu, ngokuqinisekileyo, lithatha i-monster ekuthunjweni, liphule kwindawo yakhe, kwaye liye lithintele ubomi. Kudidi olufanayo luquka umsebenzi owaziwayo ngokulinganayo malunga nemfazwe yaseDobrynya ngeNyoka.

Zeentlalo

Imisebenzi yentlalo kunye neyasekhaya yayimfuneko enkulu. Umzekelo wale ngqungquthela unokusebenza njengebali likaSadko - i-guslar eselula, ongenakukwazi ukufumana udumo ngaluphi na uhlobo. Ekugqibeleni, le nsizwa inikezelwa ukukhuselwa koLwandle lweNkosi, luchukumiseka ngetalente yakhe, kodwa liphunyuke kuye kwaye libuyela ezweni lakubo, lilahle ubuncwane obungenakubalwa abayinike yona.

Abalinganiswa beentlalo zentlalo bebaninzi abalimi, abathengisi kunye neenkosana phakathi kwabo. Ukongeza kwiSalko ekhankanywe ngentla, amaqhawe anjengoMikula, iVolga banikezelwa. Imisebenzi yoluntu kunye neqhawe liyabonakala ngokukodwa kunye nokubonakaliswa komgangatho wabalinganiswa abadlali abakhulu.

Ngoko, yiyiphi into ebalulekileyo kwiincwadi? Impendulo emfutshane ngumsebenzi ogqithise ukuthanda izwe, ukholo kwiinkolelo zokulungileyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kobubi.