Uluhlu lwexesha elide: Inkcazo kunye neziPhathi zokuPhatha

Ubuntu kunye nezenzululwazi zentlalo zinendlela efanelekileyo. Ngokwesiko, iinjongo kunye nemisebenzi zifumanisa ubunzulu bophando, luyakwazi ukuquka esinye sezigaba okanye ngaphezulu. Inombolo yokuphindaphinda inkqubo yokuqokelela ulwazi ichaphazeleka ngqo kwiipropati zento. Ukufunda ngokude kwindlela ede kakhulu yokufumana Idata, kodwa isebenza kakuhle. Kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizengqondo ngokufunda iipatheni zobuntu, kunye nakwizentlalo zenzalo.

Impawu zendlela

Uluhlu lwexesha elide luyindlela epheleleyo yokufunda iimpawu ezithile, iimpawu zento yokuvavanya ixesha elide. Igama layo livela kwigama lesiNgesi elithi longitude, elithetha "ubude". Phakathi kwabasunguli beli ndlela kwakunjalo. UV Shtern, A. N. Gvozdev, owayegcina idayari yokuqwalasela ukukhula komntwana.

Injongo ephambili yesifundo sexesha elide Xa kubhaliswa utshintsho ekuphuculweni kwengqondo nangokomntu ngamnye. Uhlalutyo lobudlelwane phakathi kweempawu zodwa zivumela ukuba siphucule kwaye sihlengahlengise ixesha elibalulekileyo. Kwakhona, umzekelo, amaqela abafundi afundiswa ngexesha lokufunda kwiyunivesithi okanye isibini esitshatileyo ukusuka ngexesha lomtshato ukuya kwisigaba sokuqhawula okanye ukupheliswa kweentsapho njengabantu abadibeneyo. Inani lezinto zokubonwa lichaphazela ukuthembeka nokuchaneka kolwazi olufunyenweyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba abantu abafanayo baxhomekeke kwisifundo, isimo sabo sengqondo sihlalutyiweyo kwaye sibhalwa kwiinqanaba ezithile zobomi. Ucwaningo olude lusebenza njengesixhobo sokuqaphela ukuguqulwa kwengqondo yengqondo kwixesha elizayo nokuseka ukusebenzisana phakathi kweempawu, indlela yokuphila, kunye nezidalwa zendalo. Iziphumo ezifunyenwe ngale ndlela zivumela ukuba senze izigqibo kwixesha elide.

Isixhobo sokwenza uphando lwexesha elide

Ukufundwa kwezinto kuqhutyelwa, njengommiselo, kwimeko yokuzama uqobo. I-Psychography, ukubonwa, ukubuza imibuzo, intetho, udliwano-ndlebe, ukuvavanywa yindlela ephambili, ukusetyenziswa okubandakanya uphando olude. Ziyalisebenzisa ngokucacileyo kwisigaba ngasinye sokufunda iqela labantu. Ngexesha elithile kukho ukuqwalaselwa okuchanekileyo kwento; Ngokweziseko zamacandelo kwixesha ngalinye, ukuqokelela, ukubhaliswa kweenkcukacha kunye nedatha zenziwa. Ngako oko, uhlalutyo olude luyakwazi ukudluliselwa njengendlela yexesha elide, okanye umgama omde.

Ukwahlulelwa kweendlela nge-B. Ananyev

Isiphumo sokugqibela kunye nesiphumo, inkqubo yophando ixhomekeke ekukhetheni iindlela ezithile. Isethi yobugcisa obuhlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokwenza uphando zihlukaniswe ngamaqela amane: iindlela zokutolika, ukucwangciswa kwedatha, ubugcisa kunye nentlangano. Uluhlu olunjalo luye lwacetyiswa kuqala ngu-Soviet psychologist uBG Ananiev ngo-1977 emsebenzini wakhe "Kwiingxaki ze-Modern Humanistics." Ngokombono wakhe, yinkqubo yokucwangcisa isicwangciso sophando, esibandakanya indlela yamacandelwana, ukuthelekisa, ubunzima kunye nexesha elide. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba uBG Ananyev Ngokwe siseko soluhlu olunikeziweyo lubeka intlangano yesakhiwo sophando lwengqondo. Kwiqela layo leendlela, unyango lwexesha elide lunempumelelo.

Jikelele ngokusetyenziswa kwamacandelwana kunye nokungafani

Inkqubo ye-longitudinal yenziwe njengenye indlela eyahlukileyo yeeqendu ezithintekayo, esetyenziselwa kwintsimi yobudala kunye nengqondo yengqondo yabantwana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bayaphikisana nomnye, ngenye, bangasetyenziselwa ukuba bancedise. Uphononongo, oluqhutywa yindlela yokwenza amacandelwana, luya kufuna ixesha elingaphantsi nemali, liya kubalwa inani elikhulu labantu. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuhlalutya kwexesha elide kusenza sikwazi ukulungisa izinto eziye zaphunyulwa ngososayensi kwaye zenze ukuphunyezwa kweziphumo ezifunyenwe kumxholo wexesha ngalinye.

Iingeniso kunye nokungalunganga kwendlela

Iintlobo zezobuchwepheshe ziquka ukukwazi ukuqikelela ukuphuhliswa, ukuthembeka kweziphumo ezifunyenweyo kunye nokwaneliseka. Ngokunceda, kuya kubakho ukufumana izigqibo malunga nokutshintshwa kweziganeko kunye neenkqubo ezifundiswayo, kunye nokufumana iinkcukacha ezingakumbi. Ngexesha elifanayo izifundo zeengqondo zengqesho zengqesho zide kakhulu, zixhaphaza ngamandla. Iingxaki ezingundoqo ziyimali ebonakalayo enokuphinda iphindwe, ubude kunye neendleko ezinkulu zemali. Ukongeza, kwinqanaba ngalinye elilandelayo, inkqubo yokuqokelela idatha kubathathi-nxaxheba kwisifundo kunzima ngenxa yokutshintsha indawo yokuhlala okanye ukufa.