Izizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuzibulala. Ukuthintela ukuzibulala kwentsha

Ukuzibulala (ukuzibulala) kukuthintela ubomi ngokuzithandela, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwabanye abantu. Ngelishwa, kwintlalo yanamhlanje, uhlobo lokubala iakhawunti kunye nobomi luhlala luqhelekileyo. Izizathu zokuzibulala Unokuhluke ngokupheleleyo, umntu wenza isigqibo esinjalo ngesiseko seengxaki ezithile zeengqondo nezentlalo.

Ingxaki yokuzibulala

Amacala okunciphisa i-akhawunti kunye nobomi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo aphawulwe kumaphepha eembali kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphuhliswa koluntu. IGrisi ya mandulo, i-China yaseRoma kunye neRoma yakudala kwimibandela yabo ikhankanya inyaniso yokuzibulala.

Kuze kube namhlanje, ukuzibulala ngenye yezona zizathu ezili-10 eziqhelekileyo zokufa eNtshona. Ngokwezibalo, ngamnye unyaka ukuya kubantu abayi-160 000 emhlabeni wonke uyazibulala. Inani elincinci phakathi kwabo abaselula. Kule meko, Izizathu zokuzibulala, Ababini abadala kunye nabantwana abaselula, banokungafani ngokupheleleyo, banokuthi bangabashishini okanye kwimfundo yobomi bomntu, okanye ebomini bakhe.

Kukholelwa ukuba ukuzibulala kuyimpawu yobuthathaka, ukuhamba kwiingxaki zobomi. Enyanisweni, ukwenzela ukuba enze isenzo esinjalo, umntu kufuneka abe nenqindi enamandla kunye nokuzithemba kwizenzo zakhe.

Ukuzibulala: iimpawu

Ngokomphando, abantu abangama-75% abaceba ukulungisa amanqaku ngobomi ngandlela-thile bavelise iinjongo zabo. Ezi zombini ziyizisongelo ezivulekileyo, kwaye zingabonakali ziboniso zokuzibulala. Phantse bonke aba bantu batyelela oogqirha bezengqondo, abasebenzi bezentlalo, oogqirha okanye ootitshala, apho kungagqitywa ukuba bazama ukuthetha. Ngelishwa, kwiimeko ezininzi, abazange bafumane oko babekufunayo, ngenxa yezinto abangazange batshintshe izicwangciso zabo zokuqala.

Izibonakaliso zokuzibulala ezicwangcisiweyo zityhilwa ngethuba le ncoko kwaye zibonakaliswa ngobuninzi beengqondo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, baziva bengenathemba, kwaye kwelinye, banethemba lokusindiswa. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iingxoxo kunye nokulwa nesenzo esinjalo zilungeleleneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo unokukunceda ngamazwi alula asekelayo. Ukuba oku kungenziwa, izikali ziya kuqubuda ngokuzibulala. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi impawu onokuyiqonda malunga nokuzibulala.

Iimpawu zendlela yokuziphatha, izityholo nezentlalo, ngelixa izizathu zokuzibulala Unakho na.

Kwiqela lokuqala leempawu, iingxelo eziqhubekayo kunye namahlaya angcolileyo malunga nokufa ziphawulwe, kwaye abaziphatha bazibonakalise ngokwabo ngokukhawuleza kweempahla zabo. Oku kubandakanya ukufakwa komyalelo kumaphepha abo, amacala, ukuxolelana nabantu, kunye nokuguquka okubukhali kwisenzo sokuziphatha. Imiqondiso yeemeko ibonakaliswa kwintlupheko yoluntu, ubunzima obungalindelekanga kwintsapho, utywala.

Izizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuzibulala

Ukuhlaziya izizathu zokuzibulala, iinani Uthi okubalulekileyo phakathi kwabo kukuba:

• Inkathazo yexesha;
• Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kwengqondo yomntu;
• Ukwahlukana kumfazi / umyeni;
• Ukufa komlingane;
• Ukungabi nentsapho;
• Izifo ezingenako;
• Ukungabikho komsebenzi;
• Uxhala.

Ngokwezibalo, i-30% yemizamo yokuzibulala iphindaphindiwe emva kwexesha, kwaye i-10% yenziwa. Ukongezelela, iinzame zokulungisa amanqaku ngobomi zibhalwa ngokuphindwe kwezihlandlo ezili-6 ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokuzibulala.

Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zachonga iqela elijongene nobungozi, apho ithuba lokuzibulala liphezulu kakhulu kunabanye abantu. Ezi ziquka:

• Abantu abakhokela ubomi bodwa, abantu abathiwa ngabanye;
• Iintsholongwane ezinobundlelwane obuthathaka;
• Abantu abasebenzisa kakubi utywala okanye iziyobisi;
• Abantu abanobugebengu okanye ukuziphatha okubi;
• Abantu abanezinga eliphezulu lokugxeka, kunye nokuxhamla kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo;
• Abantu abasinda ekulahlekelweni komntu othandekayo;
• Abaselula abanenkxalabo kunye nabantu abadala abaneengxaki zegazi.

Zonke izizathu zokuzibulala zinobunzima beengqondo okanye zentlalo.

Inkalo yengqondo yokuzibulala

Ingxabano enzulu yeenjongo kulo mntu ungakhokelela ekubeni uzame ukulungisa amanqaku ngobomi. Izizathu zengqondo zokuzibulala zivame ukufihlwa ebuntwaneni bomntwana. Njengomthetho, ngaba ngabazali abagunyazayo abonisa ubukhohlakali obugqithiseleyo ekukhuliseni. Ngokuqhelekileyo umphumo walokhu kubonakaliswa kobugwenxa obudala, xa umntu ezama ukutshintsha imeko yakhe yobomi ngale ndlela. Ukuba izinto ezinobundlobongela azifumaneki, unokubuyela kumntu ngokwakhe, okuza kubangela ukuzibulala.

Enye inkalo yengqondo yokuzibulala ihambelana nokubonakaliswa kwemvelo kunye nokubonakalisa. Njengomthetho, lo mnqweno wokuphatha omnye umntu. Ngokomzekelo, intombazana inokuthabatha umthamo omkhulu weepilisi zokulala, enethemba lokuba iya kusindiswa, kwaye isimo sengqondo somfana osetshentshile kuyo siya kutshintsha. Okanye umfana angakwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiintlanga eziyingozi, ngaloo ndlela ufuna ukuphazamisa iimvakalelo zakhe. Kude kangakanani umntu angaya kwimizamo yakhe yokusebenzisa, nangona akazi. Kodwa ngokugqithiseleyo iinjongo zesenzo, imiphumo embi kakhulu.

Esinye isizathu sengqondo sokuzibulala sinomnqweno wokujezisa ukungalindelekanga. Umntu kule meko kubonakala ukuba abantu bayazisola ngokuziphatha kwabo emva kokufa kwakhe. Ngelishwa, isizathu esinjalo asinalo ngokwenene, abo afuna ukujezisa, njengomthetho, abanakukuhoxiswa okunjalo ebomini. Ezi zizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuzibulala kwabantu abadala Kwaye ulutsha, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo oku kusebenza kubantu abatsha abaneminyaka ethile.

Inkalo yentlalo yokuzibulala

I-Suicides ingachazwa nje ngengqondo kuphela. Izizathu zentlalo zokuzibulala Ayingabalulekanga. Enye yezinto eziphambili apha unqulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba imithetho yokomoya ebiza ukuba umthande ummelwane wakho inceda ekwakheni uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Le ngxabano ibangela ukuba umntu aphikisana naye xa ubugwenxa bakhe buphendukela kuye. Nanku kufika umxholo wecala kunye nosindiso oluvela kulo. Kule meko, imbono ibonakala ukuba nayiphina impazamo kufuneka ijeziswe, ngenxa yoko umntu aqala ukufikelela kwiyure yokubala.

Enye inkalo yentlalo yokuzibulala yinto yokubaluleka kokubaluleka komntu. Le meko ifanelekile kwiimeko ezinjalo xa kuvela ilungu lentsapho. Umsindisi uqala ukuhlakulela umva wecala lakhe kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ufikelele kwingcamango yokuba ukufa kwakhe kuyakuba yindlela kuphela yokuyenza.

Iingcamango ezinjalo zifana nabantu abaninzi, kodwa akusiyo wonke umntu onokuzisela izicwangciso zakhe zokuzibulala.

Izizathu Zokuzibulala (Durkheim)

Omnye wabalandeli abakhulu bezinto ezibangelwa ukuzibulala ngumntu weFrench u- Emile Durkheim. Kwiingcamango zakhe, ngumntu obangela ubuninzi bokuzibulala.

I-Durkheim ikholelwa ukuba kukho uhlobo lwentlalo yoluntu oluyalela abantu ukuba baphile njani. Umzekelo, umntu unokufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba akafanelanga ubomi, kuba akanalo intsapho okanye umsebenzi. Zonke izizathu ezibalulekileyo zokuzibulala Uyanciphisa ukodwa. Nguye ophosa umntu ukuba aqaphele iindleko zobomi.

Ukungavumelani nezizathu zengqondo zokuzibulala, i-Durkheim icacisa into elandelayo: kumakhaya abantu abagula ngengqondo, kukho amabhinqa angaphezu kwamadoda. Nangona kunjalo, ngowona wesibini owenza i-80% yazo zonke ukuzibulala. Ukwabambisana nabaxhasayo kwimbono yokuba ukuthambekela kokuzibulala kuzuze ilifa. I-sociologist ithi abantu bobabini nabasetyhini bafumana i-gene efana nayo, kodwa ngokuchanekileyo bameli abomeleleyo bentlalo abahlala befumana amanqaku ngobomi.

Izizathu zokuzibulala emadodeni, Ngokutsho kweDurkheim, zintlalo yoluntu. Abahambisani nemimiselo yoluntu, abafumani ukugcinwa kwentsapho okanye abanalo, ngoko ke, abanamsebenzi kuluntu.

Iintlobo ze-Suicides ze-Durkheim

I-sociologist ihlukaniswe kwiindidi ezininzi zokuzibulala. Izizathu, ukuzibulala Kuxhomekeke kubuhlobo bayo.

Ngoko, kukho iintlobo ezintathu zokuzibulala ngokwe-Durkheim:

• Ukuzidla;
• Altruistic;
• A ngaziwa.

Uhlobo oluthile luza xa umntu ejongene nokungenakwenzeka kokwanelisa iimfuno zakhe zobuqu. Umzekelo, umntu unokuba nomnqweno wemali eninzi okanye isikhundla esiphezulu kuluntu, kodwa akanakho izixhobo zangaphakathi ukufezekisa injongo. Kule meko, ingakumbi ukuba akukho inkxaso kubantu abasondeleyo, amathuba okuzibulala aphezulu kakhulu. Ukuthanda le ngcamango, inzululwazi ichaza amanqaku aphezulu okuzibulala phakathi kwamaProstestanti athi zizingca zokuziphatha.

Ukuzibulala ngokungathandabuzekiyo kubizwa xa umntu echazela ubomi engathandekiyo ngenxa yabanye abantu. Ngokomzekelo, imeko enjalo inokwenzeka xa ukuzibulala kuqhutywa ngenjongo yokufumana inshorensi yentsapho ekufeni komntu ofileyo.

Ukuzibulala ngokungachazwanga kuhambelana noluntu oluthile loluntu, xa kukho ukungavumelani kulo, kwaye akukho mgaqo wokuziphatha oqhelekileyo kunye nokuziphatha. I-Durkheim ikholelwa ukuba uphuhliso olukhawulezayo loluntu lunokubangela ukuzibulala. Kule nqanaba, ayikho ibhalansi, ehambelana nokuhla kwezoqoqosho okanye, ngokuchasene noko, ukukhupha. Kwimeko yokuqala, abantu bahlalutya amanqaku ngobomi ngenxa yokulahleka kwemali, okwesibini - kuba bacinga ukuba abanye bazuza ngokukhawuleza. Olu hlobo lokuzibulala luhlobo oluthile, kuba luxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntu.

Ukuzibulala phakathi kwentsha

Ixesha lesigxina lixesha elilukhuni kakhulu ekuveleni komntu omdala. Kungenxa yoko, phakathi kweli qela leminyaka, ipesenteji zokuzibulala ziphezulu kakhulu.

Izizathu zokuzibulala kwabaselula Ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ukuphikisana nabazali okanye ngabahlobo;
• Iimeko zentsapho ezinzulu;
• Ukuthotywa kwintsapho;
• Uthando olungagqithwanga.

Ukongezelela, ubuntu obungafundile buchaphazeleke kakhulu kumajelo. Ngenxa yoko, amaxesha amaninzi iingxelo ziziswa kubomi ngokuxelisa abalinganiswa bakho abathandayo kwiimifanekiso okanye kwiincwadi.

Ezinye izizathu zokuzibulala kwabaselula ziyindlela yokusetyenziswa kotywala, inetyhefu okanye izidakamizwa, kunye nokudandatheka. Ukongezelela, ukuzibulala kunokukhokelela ekufeni kwelungu losapho okanye umhlobo osondeleyo okanye uvavanyo oluphantsi kwezemfundo kwizifundo. Kwabantombazana, isizathu sokuzibulala sinokudlwengulwa okanye ukukhulelwa kwangaphambili.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuzibulala akusoloko kubangelwa yingozi engozi. Phakathi kwabantwana abaselula banabantu abanesakhono abanokungena kwizinto ezizungezile, ezenza bazive bexoshwa kuluntu. Yiyo le nto inokubangela ukuba bathathe isinyathelo esinjalo.

Ukuthintela ukuzibulala phakathi kwabaselula

Izizathu zokuzibulala nokukhusela kwabo Ingenye yeengxaki ezibalulekileyo zeengqondo. Yintoni ukuzibulala kunye nendlela yokuphepha ngayo, kubalulekile ukuxelela abantwana ukususela kwiminyaka yobudala. Okwangoku, abazali abaninzi bayakuphepha le ngongoma, becinga ukuba umntwana wabo akayi kuchatshazelwa le ngxaki.

Ukuthintela ukuzibulala phakathi kwabaselula kuyinkxaso yengqondo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba. Ukongezelela, omnye kufuneka athathe ingqalelo kwinqanaba eliphakamileyo lokuphakanyiswa kweli nqanaba leminyaka. Iintsana zimelela umzimba wabo omncinci omhle ebhokisini, intlungu yabathandekayo, kunye neengcinga zabo zecala. Kubalulekile ukugxotha le ngqungquthela, ichaza kwaye ibonakalise indlela abaya kujongeka ngayo. Ngokwenza ngale ndlela, kubalulekile ukuba ukhumbule ukuba abantwana abaselula bayabakhathalela kakhulu kwaye ukuphendula kwabo kunamaphi amagama akunakwenzeka. Yingakho umbandela wokuthintela ukuzibulala osemtsha kubaluleke kakhulu kuluntu namhlanje.

Ukuzibulala nokunceda

Kubalulekile ukuba sikwazi ukunceda umntu oye wavuma iinjongo zakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka uthathe inxaxheba elula kunye nengxoxo eyimfihlo apho uya kukwazi ukubonisa zonke izikhalazo kunye nemibuzo. Inzala enomdla kwinqanaba lakho kunye nokuqonda kuya kunceda ukuba uqaphele ukuba akakukhathaleli. Yiyo loo nto ibaluleke kakhulu kumntu othe wanquma ukuzibulala.

Kubalulekile ukuqhuba ingxoxo ngendlela enjengokuthi umntu uyaziqonda ukungabi nangqiqo kwezenzo zakhe, kunye nemiphumo yakhe embi kubantu abasondelene naye. Kubalulekile ukuba ungabonakalisi ukugwetywa, kodwa ukubulela ngokungathembeki okunjalo, ugxininisa ukuba uza kuzama ukufumana indlela yokuphuma kwimeko. Ngokuqhelekileyo incoko enjalo yokomoya inceda umntu ukuba aphume kwimeko yokudakumba okukhulu kwaye ukuba angayishiyi iiplani zabo zokuzibulala, ngoko ke bayibeke. Kwaye oku kuza kuba nethuba lokumnceda ukulibala ngokupheleleyo injongo zakhe.

Njengomthetho, isigqibo sokulungisa iakhawunti ngobomi asifizi ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kuluhlu lokugqibela kwiinkalo zobomi beengxaki. Ngoko ke, ngokunyamekela abantu abasondeleyo kunye nokukwazi ukubona ingozi ezayo, wena, mhlawumbi, uya kusindisa ubomi bomntu.