Sapun Intaba. Sapun Mountain Sevastopol. Yilwa e Sapun Intaba

Usingasiqithi iCrimea unembali ende kwaye unika umdla. Sevastopol, isixeko lweenkobe Russian, ngexesha ubukho beyazi amaphepha amaninzi zobuqhawe. Kufuphi idolophu Sapun Mountain, nto leyo ehambisana kunye iziganeko ezukileyo kweMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, phezu kwayo kumi imitha-28 obelisk Odumo ukuya myuziyam kunye diorama ukulwa entwasahlobo ka-1944. Ukusuka kule ndawo inika iimbono lexi hlamarisaka kwindawo ezingqongileyo.

Hill kufuphi Sebastopol

Ukususela ngasemntla ukuya kumzantsi losingasiqithi iCrimea yolula iintaba ezenza nakummango ezintathu. Le ekupheleni oqala kwinduli kufuphi Sevastopol wabiza Sapun Mountain, Tatar - "isepha". Kuwo Ulaneka kwidolophu endulini Stary Krym kwaye ungqameko yendalo lokunithumelela le emdeni lizwe. Kuyinto ezi mpawu geographical negalelo ukudala iimeko ezilungileyo ukuziphendulela iziseko aselwandle elizweni.

Eli ubude ephambili emfazweni ngenxa kwisixeko Sevastopol kwi iCrimea Imfazwe iMfazwe Yehlabathi II. Nje imizuzu embalwa kwi lift imoto - ukuphakama 231 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kodwa le ntaba inika ukubusa ekwicala elingasemazantsi kwe sixeko kunye nembono kwendlela ukusuka Yalta ukuya Sevastopol.

Namhlanje le ndawo abakhenkethi. Kubo, kukho inzuzo ethile kukuba eCrimea, Sapun Intaba kunye nezinye ezinika yenza ukuba kungenzeka zolonwabo esebenzayo kuhlobo entle uyolo ubuhle kunye zitsala umdla eehambo ulwazi ukuchukumisa imbali.

IMfazwe Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ngowe-1941-1942, kunye nelahleko enkulu umkhosi yaseJamani ikwazile ukuba bambambe Sevastopol emva nasekuxinweni imini-250. iimfazwe ezinkulu senzeka Sapun Mountain, apho amajoni amaninzi zaseJamani babulawa. Amajoni amahlanu-yokuqala kunye imikhosi Maritime lihambe liye kwi Chersonese, kodwa wayesazi ukuba baza kubuyela kwezi ndawo. kwafuneka alinde phantse iminyaka emibini. Ngowe-1944 umkhosi Soviet bamtyabula ethath ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, yaye kwinkululeko of eCrimea. kwakhona, phambi encotsheni Sevastopol iye yasetyenziswa kwaye, kodwa utshaba, njengesiseko yendalo ukuba kude kufikwe kumgca ukudalwa treheshelonnoy of kwiinqaba. zaye Kukho kuphuhliswa amadabi kakhulu sijorha kumiselwa impumelelo lohlaselo kunye nokukhululwa ngokupheleleyo lizwe.

utshaba yethemba

Emva 1943 inyathelo qhinga emfazweni enkulu eyeke eSoviet Union. NgoMatshi 1944, imikhosi yaseSoviet ezibe kwezinye iindawo emdeni. Konke oku kwakuthetha ukuba ukusondela yokukhululwa ezweni lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kodwa ukuxhathisa utshaba zaba enolaka. iziseko German kwi eCrimea ke ngoku, kodwa waqhubeka ukulwa. UHitler wayekholelwa ukuba yokulahlwa yabo iya kuqulatha kukuyeka kwimfazwe Balkan namahlakani, nto leyo akunakwenzeka ukuba siphephe. AmaJamani kwi eCrimea, enyanisweni, bokufa boyisiwe, kodwa umsebenzi wabo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ukuba ubambe phantsi imikhosi bemikhosi Soviet. Kuba lo Mountain Sapun kwaqinisa imigca zokhuselo ezintathu. Baye babonelelwa zinomtya elide, imisele, pillboxes ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko yokwemba kunye eziphathekayo. Thabatha ukuphakama uqhwithela ziye kwaba nzima kakhulu. Kodwa amajoni Russian ndizuze amava atyebileyo ekulweni, na ukuphakama enye, umyalelo lilungise idabi ongamphambi kokugqibela koKuhlala ye eCrimea ekhubekisayo.

Amalungiselelo ukuhlasela

Ngenxa kuthuthelwa umkhosi eSoviet wasilela ukuthatha umqobo bendalo ukuze zintshula kuloo esitheni yakhe. Ngoko ke waqalisa ukulungiselela phantse ngenyanga ngenxa yokuhlaselwa. Umyalelo wayecebe ukumanya ngoMeyi 5 imikhosi ekhubekisayo ngokusebenzisa zamabanga Mikenzeevu entabeni uze ungene esixekweni evela entla. Esi kushenxa kufuneka ngokuyintloko umlinganiswa diversionary.

Emva kosuku amandla eziphambili uya kuhlasela ukusuka ephangweni ngasekhohlo. Injongo yabo iya kuba Sapun Mountain Sevastopol ngecala lasezantsi. Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ekhohlo ukulungisa amajoni. Abaqeqeshwayo basasazekileyo phakathi amajoni abanamava Kwaqeqeshwa ukomeleza uqale apha, ukuze baqeqeshwe. Suvorov inzululwazi koyisa sibe luncedo ngokupheleleyo: unekhono, iliso elungileyo, zimbi kunye amanyathelo ngenyameko ngaphandle kokuthatha imingcipheko engeyomfuneko. Ingakumbi wafundisa amajoni ukubona edabini, ukwahlula iinqaba utshaba uthabathe kuzo ngenjongo. Le mihla kwafuneka ukuba basebenze kunye nokuhlola. Ngenxa yemigudu yakhe, phambi kokuqala main nqunu eziliqela iingongoma utshaba ukudutyulwa, uthabathe "neelwimi" wanika ulungelelwaniso ngokupheleleyo izixhobo kunye nenani mkhosi.

Battle for Sapun Mountain

9 kusasa ngoMeyi 7, 1944 yaqalisa zokudubula kwimfungu- enamandla owayeza ezandulela avanyisa eSoviet. Aviation and "Katyusha" yavuthela amasimi akhe ivolibholi, ukuyigubungela amanqaku utshaba badubula. Kwisithuba nje seyure, ingxolo akaphinda umlilo, yonke into eyayinokwenziwa ukuze ukunciphisa kuhlaselwa kwenziwa. Xa iiyure 10 imizuzu engama-30 wabanika umqondiso umsi ukuhlaselwa nomkhosi ebomvu kwi elidlula utshaba iinqaba. Kwaye nangona amadoda wenze ngokugudileyo kakhulu, ukhuselo shestiyarusnaya of minefields lutshaba, nocingo oluhlabayo kunye emplacements nompu efihliweyo avumele ukuba ingaxuthi nangoko kugunyaziso lwangaphambili.

Emva kweyure enye intshukumo wayeka, iinjineli phantsi umlilo utshaba nangoku nako ukwenza abapase ezininzi uhamba ngocingo kunye minefields baseJamani. amajoni Soviet waya kungena imisele lutshaba, kodwa ungaphumeleli. Enye seyure kudlule imisele izihlandlo eziliqela ukusuka isandla ngesandla, de, ekugqibeleni, omnye nelisemihlubulweni amajoni ethu kwikhompyutha amaNazi umgca ngaphambili ukuziphendulela.

Ngaphambi kwaba sicace. Sapun Intaba kubalisa kunye emigodini kunye neziqhushumbisi, umlilo umatshini-umpu. Kwaye kule saa, ngokulandelana, ebambelele namatye onke, phambili amajoni Russian. Ngentsimbi 14 kwindawo yokuqala wokhuselo waseJamani yathinjwa ecaleni kujikelezo ephakamileyo yonke. Le inkqubela eyenziwe ngokwemiqathango ngokusesikweni lonke kweemitha 50-100. Kodwa baphuke ngaphantsi kweyure kunye umgca wesibini esemqoka.

Sapun Intaba athathwe

Ukuba encinane kakhulu phezulu, kodwa a kusho encinane kakhulu. Ukuba uyayeka ekukhuthazeni, amathuba okuba abantu bethu nje liqengqiwe phantsi. Awukwazi ukuyeka. Ukoyisa umlilo utshaba usebenzisa izakhono ezifunyenwe kuqeqesho, amajoni baya phambili. Phezulu umthendeleko kwenzeka, nto leyo kungabonwa abantu ababebukele ezivela eposini umyalelo. Kuphela eziqhumayo of iziqhushumbisi nemipu machine line. Kungekudala le melee. Sagcina amaqokobhe zokudubula kwi moya - nonikezelo iziqhushumbisi. Kuba iiyure 20 phezu Crest, le iiflegi ebomvu zaaleli kudala elindelwe, alwe entabeni Sapun yafikelela esiphelweni wosuku enzima, ezikhathazayo kunye elide kangaka.

utshaba balwe

Emva kokulahlekelwa isikhundla salo encotsheni yentaba, amaJamani abakakulungeli ukuba anikezele umzi. Ngethemba lokuba zidiniwe ukususela kusuku oludlulileyo, amajoni eSoviet ayisayi kuvela kokuhlaselwa ezintsha, ukuba bayikhuphe sibali-ekhubekisayo kusasa ngosuku olulandelayo. Ke iinkokheli zethu zilawulwa ubusuku ukomeleza niwuzalise imigca phambi iindawo ezintsha ngokufanelekileyo ukulungiselela ukuba alwe uhlaselo. ukuhlaselwa elinanye utshaba entsha ngexesha lasemini wafudukela amajoni ethu wasinda waza ukuziphendulela kukho ukuphakama ebalulekileyo. babulawa Zingaphi na iintsuku ezimbini amajoni phezulu kwalo! Ukuthatha Sapun Intaba kwafa eentloko ezaxhobela bethu 80 lamawaka amajoni Soviet. AmaJamani ezilahlekileyo amawaka 30. Kaloku, abo uya kuhla, njalo kuwo ngakumbi. NgoMeyi 9, 1944 (akukho nto umhla umdla?) Sevastopol yakhululwa abahlaseli lwamaNazi.

memory

Ezi iindawo ezingcwele - Sapun Intaba Sevastopol - uya kuhlala njalo ngonaphakade ungasekunene ixhoba owakhuliswa amawaka amajoni Wabunikela ubomi babo ngenxa inkululeko idyokhwe German zwilakhe. Kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi, ngaphandle poppy obubomvu lomlilo, akukho nto wakhula ngaphezulu. Kunjalo waqhubeka uyawalwela inkululeko eYurophu, asitshatyalaliswa nkqu hydra yobuFasi, naphezu kwithambeka Sapun Intaba uye iiobelisk ezimbini sakhiwe imbeko amajoni Maritime Army and 51 Army, iyangena eziphakamileyo. NgoMeyi 1945 waqalisa ukusebenza lolondolozo lwembali, apho kwakukho avuleke yokuqala - ubungqina iimfazwe ezinkulu kwezi ndawo. Emva kweminyaka eli-15 imyuziyam iye ngokutsha endaweni yayo kwakhiwa isakhiwo esitsha, apho kwakukho diorama lwe emfazweni Meyi 7, 1944. kweminyaka engama-20 emva kokuba Battle obelisk Coastal Army iye yala maxesha kwaye Ndazoyikisela isikhumbuzo mihla.

Diorama "Sapun Intaba"

Ikude kuthi ngexesha lemfazwe yoyikekayo. Zonke Kunzima ukucinga ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwi amadabi, ngaloo mihla. Diorama, njengohlobo lwe zobugcisa wanamhla, ukunceda ukuba gxwa emoyeni yokudibana namava, ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye, ivumba wompu, uloyiko kunye intlungu a amaqabane abafayo, inkohlakalo eyenzekayo. Diorama "Sapun Mountain, ukubetha Meyi 7" yenye yezona hlobo yayo ehlabathini. ubukhulu wayo ibe ngamashumi amabini anesihlanu kunye nesiqingatha ukuya kwemihlanu nesiqingatha. Ngoncedo iindlela zobugcisa iindlela zobugcisa into ongaphambili ukuze kufikelelwe isiphumo ubukho kumboniseli ngexesha edabini, uba uqulukubhode ubungqina etywiniweyo zabazobi. Abenzi bemeko- le diorama - amagcisa Studios M. B. Grekova Peter Maltsev, Georgy Marchenko, UNikolai Prisekin - wachitha prospecting kunye nomsebenzi wophando. Umsebenzi wabo - akukho fiction nje, nguye yamanyala iziganeko ngokwenene amagama kunye neenkcazelo kwamangqina.

Ipaki kufuphi sisikhumbuzo Lodumo

Emva kokubukela le abatyeleli diorama phezu balcony kwaye ubone indawo yokwenene edabini, ndiyaqonda ukubonisa indawo amagcisa. Oku ngakumbi uqinisa imifanekiso evela amadabi zalo mfanekiso. Hayi kude myuziyam i ipaki. ukufika kwakhe yaba umsebenzi kwakunzima, nanko kuba kugcwele ngumhlaba enamatye. Wamlenya umboniso izixhobo zomkhosi IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. guns Self-ngokwaso, amatanki, ukulwa yobuqaqawuli "Katyusha". Kufutshane bayabanjwa guns German ndizigcinile nokuba umbala yakhe. Kufuphi endleleni kuboniswa imipu yomkhosi wamanzi kunye nezinye izixhobo zomkhosi. Kwezinye iindawo zabakhenkethi kwekhadi eCrimea "Sapun Intaba" kubonisa zonke iindawo ekhumbulekayo indlela yokuthutha abakhenkethi abakhetha lokuba zonke izinto ezinkulu.

Temple-ndlwana

Kwenzeka ukuba yonke sizukulwana iye negalelo Enyanisweni, ukuba kulondolozwe alihloniphe kukhunjulwa izisulu. Sapun Intaba - iifoto ezithathwe phambi nasemva 1995, ngenxa yokuba kutshintshwe ekwakheni indlwana encinane. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa ukuba sakhiwe iindawo zonqulo. Ingelosi umnqamlezo phezu thumbanails mosaic cone icon kwi emnyango, umfanekiso iSt Georgiya Pobedonostsa ngo - nokuqhubekeka izithethe izakhiwo Russian ngokusebenzisana ntsingiselo lwanamhlanje. Ndlwana yi etempileni esebenzayo, iyenzileyo inkonzo kwinkumbulo amajoni kwabafileyo - abavikeli iLizwe loobawo.

Imibhiyozo e kwimemori yesikhumbuzo

nemibhiyozo kwenzeke kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu edlulileyo, ngomhla Ukoyisa Omkhulu kunye Liberation of Sevastopol lwesikhumbuzo "Sapun Intaba". Indlela ukufika khona ngazo ezi mini?

Veterans ukuzisa oomatshini ezizodwa, ngokutsha kwezithuthi lupwa ngezithuthuthu 40. Abanye abanqwenela ukubona ezi iindawo banakho ukuqhuba iindlela №№ 107 71. Ukongeza kwimimiselo njengesiqhelo zehlobo lwesikhumbuzo, i obelisk kufutshane Maritime Army, wabamba kwi "Banner Uzuko." Ngokunzulu ukunyamezela lesikhumbuzo ukuze amalaphu anomyalezo lamacandelo zomkhosi imikhombe, wathethelela Sevastopol ngo-1942 kwaye wakhulula umzi entwasahlobo ka-1944. Ukuze unyawo amagqala obelisk babeka iintyatyambo kwinkumbulo akanye abangazange abuye edabini. Emva kwemini, ngomhla kwithambeka Sapun Intaba Kwathi kukhuphiswano motocross.

nokwakhiwa zembali

Kuyakhuthaza ukuba umnqwazi elidluleyo yobuqhawe nemivuzo kunye nolutsha. Sele abe ngokutsha yemveli edlwengulwa Sapun Mountain, ulutsha kwenziwa imibutho karhulumente kunye namaqela kwimbali Sebastopol. NgeCawa, esondele komhla Meyi 7 lentaba kwakhona kwakusitsho iziqhushumbisi, imipu umatshini kunye scribbling amajoni Soviet bakwimeko melee nxamnye "Krauts", wahlala phantsi kwemiqolo. Imbali uza ebomini. Nyaka ngamnye kukho ukuya amawaka nababukeli, abatyhubela kwezi ziganeko ekhumbulekayo, kwaye sibone nesibindi ubuqhawe wamajoni umdla ukuphakama spring zokubhiyizela uMdyarho ka-1944. Ke kaloku ngoxa idabi yathatha kuphela isiqingatha seyure, oku ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndibhaptize ngokwabo kwimbali yaye sisoloko sikhumbula ukuba inkululeko yethu kunye nesibhakabhaka ngoxolo ihlawulwe ngokupheleleyo izinyanya igazi, wayifaka eli lizwe. Ekwakhiweni ngokutsha, nabani na ukuthatha inxaxheba. Yimeko ebalulekileyo yobhaliso kwangaphambili kunye nefom self-waza iimpawu.