Yintoni na le eukaryotes: inkcazelo, iimpawu zezakhiwo

Yintoni eukaryote? Impendulo yalo mbuzo siyifumana isakhiwo neempawu zeentlobo ngeentlobo zeeseli. Le bokuqonda umbutho, kwaye sijonga kweli nqaku.

iimpawu noshowo kweseli

Iiseli ze eziphilayo zihlelwa ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo. Omnye wabo - nokucwangciswa izinto ilifa eziqulethwe iimolekyuli DNA. Eukaryotes - eziphilayo kukuthi, xa iiseli apho zinokuhonjiswa kernel. Le organelle dvumembrannaya eziquka izinto yemfuza. Xa prokaryotes, esi sakhiwo ongekhoyo. Ezi eziphilayo zonke iintlobo iintsholongwane kunye archaea.

Ubume kweeseli prokaryotic

Ukungabikho kernel akuthethi ukuba eziphilayo prokaryotic ayikho izinto ilifa. Kwakhona ukuyifunda ngokulandelelana nucleotides. Nangona kunjalo, ulwazi yemfuza alihonjiswanga core kwaye imelwe DNA setyhula eyodwa molecule. Libizwa ngokuba i plasmid. Loo molecule iqhotyoshelwe kumphezulu engaphakathi ndizayo plasma. Iiseli elolu hlobo kwakhona, ndayihluthwa eziliqela organelles ezithile. eziphilayo Prokaryotic luphawulwa nobu-, ubungakanani amancinane kwinqanaba elisezantsi mbutho.

Yintoni eukaryote?

Eli qela elikhulu eziphilayo zibandakanya abameli zonke izityalo, izilwanyana kunye nezinye izinto. Virus iindlela ezingezo-cellular lobomi, sinjalo nathi kweli yokuhlela azithathwa.

Iyunithi Umphezulu cell prokaryotes emele inwebu plasma, kwaye imixholo zangaphakathi - kukho icytoplasm. Le yi-bume ngaphakathi semi-ulwelo, nto leyo ezisebenza umsebenzi inkxaso, ehlanganisa ndawonye zonke izakhiwo. Ukuze iiseli prokaryotes nazo luphawulwa bubukho eziliqela organelles ezithile. Esi sakhiwo Golgi, uthungelwano endoplpzmaticheskaya plastids lysosomes. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba eukaryotes - eziphilayo na iiseli kuswela mitochondria. Kodwa ke akunjalo. Ezi organelles kwizisele eukaryotic na indawo ukuyilwa molecule ATP carrier samandla kwiseli.

Eukaryotes: eziphilayo imizekelo

Eukaryotes ezi ezintathu izikumkani endalo. Noko ke, nangona kufano iiseli zabo kukho umahluko omkhulu. Umzekelo, isityalo esibonakala equlathe organelles ezizodwa chloroplasts. Kuyinto kula yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nomsi kwenzeka ukuguqula inorganics ukuba glucose neoksijini. iiseli Animal izakhiwo ezinjalo abanalo. Bona bayakwazi ukufunxa izondlo ukulungele kuphela. Umahluko phakathi isakhiwo kunye isakhiwo izixhobo komhlaba. Xa iiseli yezilwanyana ezikhoyo inwebu plasma ke glycocalyx. Kuyinto viscous umphezulu umaleko sosotoyaschy of iiprothini, lipids kunye carbohydrate. Izityalo, ebonakala ngu kodonga iseli. Le ibekwe kwi plasma ndizayo. Iseli udonga buchazwa neselulosi carbohydrate ezintsonkothileyo pectin, leyo kulinika amandla nokoma.

Yintoni eukaryotes, nto leyo limelwe liqela fungi? Iiseli ezi zinto ziphilayo ezimangalisayo ukudibanisa iimpawu noshowo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Ubume carbohydrate zabo cell zodonga neselulosi kunye ngechitin. Noko ke, abayi azinamgaqo chloroplasts tsitoplpzma, ke ngoko, ezifana iiseli zezilwanyana, ekwaziyo kuphela ukunika indlela heterotrophic.

imisebenzi ephambili ye ubume eukaryotes

Kutheni bonke eukaryotes na izinto ezithe zaphumelela kumanqanaba aphezulu wophuhliso kwaye asasazwe kuzo zonke planethi? Okokuqala, ngenxa kwinqanaba eliphezulu obungcali of organelles zabo. Ring molekuda DNA equlethwe iiseli iintsholongwane, inika indlela elula yabo yokuzala - division iseli kubini. Ngenxa yale nkqubo kuvelisa ikopi ngqo genetic iiseli intombi. Veliswa yale hlobo ngokuqinisekileyo siqinisekisa ngokuqhubeka kwizizukulwana nokubonelela ukudlalwa ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo iiseli ezinjalo. Nangona kunjalo, imbonakalo weempawu entsha iyantlukwano kubini, kunye nentetho akakwazi ukuya. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ukutshintsha, ezi zinto ziphilayo abakwazi. Ukuze iiseli eukaryotic uphawu inkqubo ngokwesini. Ekuhambeni layo, kukho ukutshintshiselana ngolwazi yemfuza kunye recombination yayo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu bazalwa, iimpawu ezintsha badla luncedo, ezo sisigxina kweejini zabo kwaye idluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Oku kubonisa yokwahluka yemfuza, nto leyo isisiseko zazivelela.

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza wajonga koko eukaryotes. Lo mqondo ephilayo wakhe iiseli ziqulathe nucleus. Eli qela eziphilayo kukho abameli bonke ubomi bezityalo kunye nezilwanyana, kwakunye nezinye izinto. Le olungundoqo isakhiwo iseli esisigxina enika ukugcinwa kunye nokudluliselwa eziphilayo informitsii yemfuza ukuyifunda ukulandelelana nucleotide ngayo iimolekyuli DNA.