Belka and Strelka: endiza izilwanyana isithuba

Akukho nto Iyandonwabisa nokuziqonda ingcinga Infinity kunye nenkululeko. Mhlawumbi ezi mizwa uye uve ukuba isithuba ujonge i-Umhlaba ukusuka ephakamileyo. Noko ke, umhambi yokuqala, baya kungena orbit, kwakungekho mntu kunye nomhlobo wakhe - inja.

Ukufunyanwa kwe nangobudala kwisithuba

Namhlanje, nabantwana besikolo ukuba ngubani na Belka kunye Strelka. Indiza indawo yezi zilwanyana yaba imvakalelo kunye nokuqala ubhaqo emangalisayo. Noko ke, konke oko yaqala kunye namaphupha njengesiqhelo. umnqweno Human ukuqonda indalo yayo, ukujonga ebomini ngokusebenzisa amehlo oothixo - konke oku rhoqo utsalo izazinzulu ukuba izinto ezintsha nobuchwepheshe eguqukayo.

Ukuqala nangobudala kwisithuba kwaqala ngamahlanu zenkulungwane lokugqibela. Xa uluntu Iyakwazi kwisithuba ngokupheleleyo yasezulwini yaye yagqiba ukuba ningavumeli into ngakumbi. Imbali ye-flight emajukujukwini Belka kunye Strelka - kuphela Njengengabula-zigcawu ngokuphathelele into enentsingiselo elimangalisayo ngakumbi.

Umzabalazo of kwamazwe

Umbango phakathi Melika neRashiya sele ehamba iminyaka engamashumi amaninzi. Kwaye ke mzuzu uhlola yonke ngomnye amanqaku lo mzabalazo elide.

Urhulumente US akazange azifihle iinjongo zayo kuqala ukoyisa sonke isibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu koko, xa ngenkuthalo yathandwa le mbono phakathi kwabantu. Senze sokufuna abemi ukulungele njengenyathelo imbali ivuso.

Nkqu abathandabuzayo kwaye rhoqo ekutshekisheni yonke ingcaciso enikwe zintatheli ayekholelwa zihambe kakuhle lweziganeko. Bonke babekulungele ukubhiyozela uloyiso, kodwa olu gqatso ukuya entanjeni beza kwimeko eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kuqala. ESoviet Union ongamenzanga kuphela ukusabela Belka kunye Strelka space, kodwa ke yokuqala eyayithunyelwe nezijikeleza i satellite ngumntu yomhlaba.

Xa emva konyaka, ngowe-1958, i-amaMelika bakwazi ukuseka "Explorer 1", abantu ababa uxolele nenkohliso yabizwa ngokuba lesiqhulo kwinqakwana satellite "-orenji".

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala wafumana uphawu satellite evela emajukujukwini, abantu baqonda ukuba sinako ukoyisa bemvelo, ukufunda, ukuqonda. Eli linyathelo elitsha kwimbali yabantu.

Ukholose ngabani na ukhetho iwela

Lokuqala uqala of imijukujelwa kunye eziphilileyo yaqala nezinja; yaba moya edume Belka kunye Strelka esithubeni. Isishwankathelo bali liqhelekile wonke phantse ukususela ebuntwaneni. Nangona kunjalo, lo mzuzu wokhuphiswano, ukusa kumkhamo othile ziza nezazo apha, oko kudla endibalibeleyo ukubakhankanya.

Yeyiphi isilwanyana yoxwebhu ingaphezulu ukuba uhambo uxanduva kangaka? Ngokwendalo, into yokuqala arhola ingqalelo obeku-. Bona, ngaphezu kwakhe nabani na, njengabanye abantu. Kodwa iinkawu kwabonakala ukuba novelwano ngakumbi, mhlawumbi ngenxa kuphuhliso lokuqonda. Bavakalelwa ukuba ukho undonakele kwaye kakhulu ukuxhathisa.

AmaMelika akwazi ukuphumeza ezinqwenelekayo kuphela kutyalwe ipilisi zokulala. izazinzulu Soviet ingqalelo olu qheliselo engamkelekanga kwaye boyika iziphumo engalunganga. Abahleliweyo yawa phezu izinja.

Kwaye ngoko ke waqalisa imbali yemini yokulungiselela quadrupeds; kubo apho Belka kunye Strelka. Flying ezinjeni isithuba icwangciswe ngobunono. Badlula uthotho lweemvavanyo kunye nohlolo.

Ezinobomi ngaphaya Earth

Ngelishwa, inja yokuqala oyaziyo weightlessness, ayikwazanga ukubuyela kumakhaya abo. Kodwa ke wavula indlela enye, wenza kube lula ukuba izinja moya elikhuselekileyo space: Belka kunye Strelka.

Nzima ukukukholelwa oku, kodwa ke izazinzulu bambalwa abakholelwayo ukuba kungenzeka ukuba sisinde kule yokungabikho womxhuzulane. Le mbono ukuba eziphilayo ubulawa in weightlessness. Kungenxa yoko le nto rocket yokuqala eyayithunyelwe ukusuka inja ogama Laika, omnye indlela yezithuthi.

Akukho namnye abayinyamekelayo uphuhliso lwezixhobo eza kunceda imbuyekezo eMhlabeni. Ewe, yaye lo msebenzi ukuba uphendule umbuzo othi, "ingaba loo kraca kufuneka?".

Kodwa njengoko kubonisiwe ixesha, inja wasinda waza ubunzima indiza embi. Yaba enye awona manyathelo abaluleke kakhulu. Ngoku lixesha lokuba ukuthumela yeqela ndingaphinda ndibuye ndize ube bubungqina eziphilayo amathuba ngokuhlala emajukujukwini.

Imibingelelo egameni yenzululwazi

Laika wayengekho inja efileyo kuphela yinkqubo ende ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Kodwa yena wathunyelwa ekufeni ngabom. Amanye amalinge akuphumelelanga baba sungula amaxhoba ngezikhali. uphuhliso Technical kule ndawo nje ekuqaleni, yaye athathele ingqalelo zonke iinkcukacha nje akunakwenzeka. abahlobo-esinemilenze emine abaye bafa ezingozini enxulumene ukwaphuka imijukujelwa.

Kodwa yonke sizi abonisa ubuthathaka esicaciswe iimpazamo. Kamva, konke oku wasindisa ubomi bomntu. Oosonzululwazi ixesha ukulungisa iimpazamo zabo, ukuphuhlisa ufake enye iphumelele iziphumo ezidibanisayo. Ngoku, ukubhabha yokuqala zizinja Belka kunye Strelka emajukujukwini waba ngeenxa nje ekoneni.

Kwaye waba wabulela ukuba Mishka, Chizhikov Ryzhikov, Bulba, Fox, Palma, imipu kunye namaqhosha abamagama kunqabile unyuke amabali ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izazinzulu ngayo izinja banobuhlobo kunye nothando kakhulu. ukufa pet ngamnye buhlungu. Ngexesha ubomi kubo kamandi ngononophelo kwaye adale iimeko ezingcono.

ngocoselelo namalungiselelo anabileyo

Umbuzo yendalo wonke umntu esifunda moya yokuqala emajukujukwini, "Belka kunye Strelka bakhethwa nje?" Apho zonke izifundo bathatha?

Impendulo ilula. Bonke abahlobo abane-inemilenze ngaphambili izinja street abangenamakhaya. Survival kwiimeko ezinzima ngendlela ethile wobulali ubuntu babo, wenza ilukhuni.

Ukongeza, imilinganiselo engqongqo lweempawu zobomi zanelisiwe abeke phambili. Okokuqala, mutts kufuneka ukuba encinane. Ngenxa yokuba philisi ayikho iisampulu ezinkulu ekula. Wakhethwa ekukhuliseni engekho ngaphezu kwe-35 cm, ngamnye zalishumi malunga ulingana kilograms ezintandathu.

An into umdla kukuba bonke abaviwa elinambini ziqeqeshelwa, baba kuphela ababhinqileyo. Kutheni? Impendulo kakhulu prosaic. Ukwakha yangasese kubo kulula kakhulu ukuba into eyindoda.

Okwesibini, zonke izinja mahle-iinwele, ukuba izikrini ezimnyama-abamhlophe eyabelwe ngcono. Kodwa ke data ubuhle zangaphandle olityelweyo. Ngapha koko, umviwa ngamnye abe indumasi, ogama iifoto aya kubona lonke ihlabathi.

Yintoni e igama

Ukumba kancinane ezinzulwini imbali, sinokufumanisa ukuba ukusabela Belka kunye Strelka emajukujukwini engadanga Marques Albina. Kodwa akukho enye izinja kunye efanayo.

Isibakala sokuba le ndoda ezaziphethe projekthi, wafumana amagama Albina kunye Marques ezingafanelekanga ukuba zamaqhawe Soviet. umthunzi eninzi kakhulu kwamanye amazwe bazisa kubo. Kungenxa yoko le nto izinja banikwa eminye amagama, ngakumbi eSoviet, ecacileyo bonke eqhelekileyo.

Ukuba bonke amanqanaba uqeqesho, dressage, babekulungele - Belka kunye Strelka. Ukwinqwelo-space itshintshile ikamva labo nje kuphela, kodwa ezethu.

Ixesha elichithwa emajukujukwini

Okokugqibela, lonke ulungiselelo zagqitywa. Noko ke, ukuba isibini sokuqala izinja, ekhethiweyo iqela ilungileyo, okubuhlungu kukuba wafa ngexesha lokwazisa, kwabakho ukungaphumeleli kunye rocket sigaba lungqubene.

nto wathabatha ukusabela Belka kunye Strelka emajukujukwini. Umhla lo mcimbi - 19 Agasti 1960.

Kuba umzimba isilwanyana zafakelwa boluvo akhethekileyo ukurekhoda zonke iinkqubo ebalulekileyo kunye abasabela ngayo umzimba ukuba uhlale weightlessness. weza ulwazi Earth, yaye izazinzulu ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza yonke idatha.

Ngale inzululwazi hambo ufumene ulwazi oluninzi engaxhaswanga ngaphambili ayaziwa ke loo nto. Iziphumo imeko emzimbeni, kwemichiza nkqu yemfuza zifunyenwe.

Ngoku kwacaca ukuba ngokuhlala isithuba bear. Ngoko ke, lo moya yomntu ayikho kude.

nga baya njani vaakelani va Belka and Strelka? Enyanisweni, ngesibindi. Kuphela kwi Ekuveleni yesine yokuziphatha omnye wabo itshintshile. Protein baqala ukungakhululeki, zikhonkotha, ezama ukwaphula ngaphandle yeendonga zokungqinga. Kodwa emva ukubuya imeko yakhe babuyela esiqhelweni.

ukuqondana emangalisayo

Hayi ngaphandle yokufuna ye-moya yokuqala emajukujukwini. Belka and Strelka ababukeleyo amahle bamangaliswa. Inyaniso kukuba ngelo xesha linye, i-US uye wasebenza ndiza orbit. indlela wakhe walala ngasentla imijukujelwa nezinja. Kodwa omnye Akubuya zazikufuphi kakhulu omnye komnye. Izinja uthanda ukuziva ubukho okhuphisana kunye nodlame barking elikhulu, nto leyo ethintela ngokukhawuleza rocket wemka ukusuka satellite.

Izinja edume

1960 - konyaka ukubhabha Belka kunye Strelka esithubeni. Esi siganeko baguqula ubomi babantu abaninzi kwaye, kakade, ziyahlelwa izinja ngokwabo.

Buyela on Earth, baye malivakale ehlabathini lonke. iifoto zabo ezazibhalwe zonke iimpapasho edumileyo.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, bathabatha inxaxheba kwinkomfa cofa apho iintatheli ezivela kulo lonke ihlabathi bafikile. Yeyona isiganeko ephathelele kumntu ngamnye, wonke umntu wayefuna ukufumana ulwazi kakhulu.

Emva kokuba hype tywa, ubomi izinja babuyela esiqhelweni. Bona banikwa yonke into eyimfuneko ukuze ubomi obulungileyo. Izinja ziye zathathwa ukuze eziguqulweyo, ezintandane, izikolo, waza wazazisa kubo abantwana. Ezi zilwanyana bathandwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. abantwana Soviet Wondela ke kubo ngoncumo nokuzingca.

Izinja baphila kwiminyaka nencindi yemithi ubudala, yaye Arrow emehlweni yonke inzala abatsha. Waye abaninzi ezintandathu njana. Omnye wabo, Khrushchev wayinika intombi uMongameli Kennedy.

Ngubani na owaziyo iingcinga yabangela Lutho entlokweni of America. Mhlawumbi usisikhumbuzo lomgadi kwizikhundla zobunkokheli ezilahlekileyo entsimini ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. A na, phezu koko, yayisebenza sibangela olongezelelweyo.

Space Age kuthiwa evulekileyo

Ngoko uyazi, yintoni ukusabela Belka kunye Strelka esithubeni. Isishwankathelo sebali akunakwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ukudlulisela zonke iimvakalelo eyayihlala ezintliziyweni abaphengululi, abalawuli kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo.

Kodwa esi siganeko ngonaphakade eqingqiweyo kwimbali njengenyathelo lokuqala, ukuba indawo evulekileyo abantu. Kwaye bonke ngenxa abazalwana bethu abancinane.

izinja ezine ukuhamba phambi moya Yuriya Gagarina. Igama omnye kubo wazinikela - asterisk. Yena wabuya ukubhabha ekupheleni kukaMatshi 1961. Yaye April 12, umntu wokuqala ukuya nohambo ulibaleke.

Ngokumangalisayo, inja ukususela kumaxesha amandulo yayigqalwa umhlobo nomncedi womntu. Kwaye yaba mbi kakhulu nebalulekileyo kuwo apho.