Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 (kuthwa): oonobangela, iziganeko ezinkulu, iziphumo

Abaninzi ababephila Siqinisekile ukuba kwixesha elidlulileyo, ababhali-mbali uyihlawule ingqalelo kangako sisiganeko afana imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878. Ngokufutshane, kodwa ubuninzi ekhoyo ukuxoxa esi siganeko kwimbali Russia. Ngapha koko, yena, njengaye nawuphi na imfazwe, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, shiya imbali umkhondo karhulumente.

Zama ukuqonda esi siganeko, njengoko 1877-1878g imfazwe Russian-Turkish., Ngokufutshane, kodwa icace kakhulu. Okokuqala nje, kuba abafundi zesiqhelo.

Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 (ngokufutshane)

Bangi ezingundoqo imfazwe kwakukho Russian kunye Ottoman.

Ngeziganeko ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ezenzeka ngexesha kuyo. War Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878 (ngokufutshane apha kweli nqaku) indishiye umkhondo kwimbali phantse zonke zamazwe inxaxheba.

On the Ports icala (eyamkelekileyo kwimbali igama Ottoman) baba Abkhazian, Dagestan kunye Chechen abavukeli, kwakunye Polish AseFransi.

Russia, ke, ixhaswe kwiiBalkans.

Ubangelwa kweMfazwe Russian-Turkish

Okokuqala, sichaza unobangela bemfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878 (ngokufutshane).

Esona sizathu siphambili imfazwe yaba ukunyuka okubonakalayo ubuzwe kwamanye amazwe Balkan.

Olu hlobo mood karhulumente ezinxulumene ne-Aprili mvukelo e Bulgaria. Unya unya, leyo bacinezelwa yimvukelo Bulgarian, wakhokela amanye amazwe aseYurophu (ingakumbi i-Russian uBukhosi) ukubonisa ukuba amaKristu kwi kummandla Turkey, uvelwano.

Esinye isizathu sokuba kokuqhambuka kwemfazwe yaba ukoyiswa Serbian emfazweni Serbo-baseMontenegro-Turkish, Baphela Conference eConstantinople.

Ikhosi ye zemfazwe

Ngokubhekele phaya, sicebisa ukuba siqwalasele ikhondo imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878 (ngokufutshane).

April 24, 1877 uBukhosi Russian ibhengeze ngokusesikweni imfazwe kwi nasePorte. Emva kokuba Archbishop Paul Chisinau imikhosi kwi inkonzo umthandazo umlawuli ukufunda imanifesto Alexander II, leyo wathetha ekuqaleni ngamajoni nxamnye Ottoman.

Ukuze uphephe songenelelo ngamazwe aseYurophu, imfazwe ke kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhube "fast" - ibe yinkampani enye.

NgoMeyi kulo nyaka umkhosi yoBukhosi baseRashiya kwangena kummandla karhulumente isiRomania.

umkhosi isiRomania, yena, waqalisa ukuba athathe inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ungquzulwano kwicala of Russia kunye namahlakani ayo, iinyanga ezintathu kuphela emva kwesiganeko.

Kwi umbutho kunye nokulungela yomkhosi Russian kakhulu nefuthe kuphuculo zomkhosi wenziwe ngexesha loMlawuli Alexander II.

Ubume yomkhosi Russian liqulethe abantu malunga 700 amawaka. Ngexesha Ottoman intsingiselo komyalelo ka-281 amawaka abantu. Nangona noludumileyo enkulu ngamanani Russian, inzuzo enkulu Turks wayeza ezizezabo kukuxhobisa nomkhosi ngezixhobo zale mihla.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba yoBukhosi Russian wayezimisele ukuchitha bonke imfazwe elizweni. Isibakala sokuba kuLwandle Black waba ngokupheleleyo phantsi kolawulo Turks, naseRashiya bavunyelwa ukuba ukwakha baneenqanawa elwandle kuphela ngo-1871. Kungokwemvelo ukuba kwixesha elingephi kwakungenakwenzeka wamvelisela izithuthi olomeleleyo.

Le impi lwaqhutywa ngeendlela ezimbini: kwi-Asia nabaseYurophu.

theatre yaseYurophu zemfazwe

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kunye ekuqaleni kwemfazwe, amajoni Russian zikhe eRomania. Oku kwenziwa ukuphelisa iDanube fleet le Ottoman, leyo nelawulwa ekudibaneni weDanube.

Turkish umlambo wayenothotho ayikwazanga ukulwa izenzo oomatiloshe utshaba yaye kungekudala Dnieper ngomfutho amabutho Russian. Yaba linyathelo lokuqala elibalulekileyo kwicala kweConstantinople.

Inyathelo elilandelayo phambili imikhosi Russian yaba kokurhangqwa Pleven, eyaqala ngoJulayi 20, 1877.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba Turks akwazi ukumbamba ngokufutshane amajoni Russian kwaye ningazuza ixesha ukuze ukomeleza Istanbul kunye Edirne, utshintshe indlela kwemfazwe, ababa nako. Ngenxa izenzo nolungafanelekanga umyalelo wamajoni Ottoman, Pleven Disemba 10 zanikezelwa.

Emva kwesi siganeko, umkhosi ekhoyo Russian, ababalwayo ngelo xesha amajoni malunga 314 amawaka, ukulungele kwakhona ukuthatha lohlaselo.

Ngelo xesha ngokuchasene nasePorte iphinde impi eSerbia.

23 Disemba 1877 ayihlasela weeBalkans kwenza squad Russian, ngubani na ngalo mzuzu phantsi umyalelo Jikelele Gurko Romeyko-apho ilawulwa Sofia.

27-28 Disemba kwakukho mpi Sheinovo, apho kwakukho nabaphumi-qela Southern. Isiphumo sale mpi yaba encirclement kunye nokonakaliswa-30 amawaka yomkhosi Turkish.

NgoJanuwari 8, imikhosi yoBukhosi Russian ngaphandle uxhathiso yenye yeentsika yomkhosi Turkish wathathwa - isixeko Edirne.

theatre Asia zemfazwe

Imisebenzi ephambili kwicala Asia zemfazwe yaba ukhuseleko imida yayo, kunye nomnqweno ukwaphula iinkokheli yoBukhosi baseRashiya, baseTurkey zinikela ingqalelo yokubonela yaseYurophu zemfazwe.

Ngemvelaphi nkampani icingelwa ukuba ibe imvukelo abaseAfrika Abkhazian, owenzeka ngo May 1877.

Malunga nelo xesha, washiya amajoni Russian isixeko Sukhum. Ndinayo emva kuphela ngo-Agasti.

Ngexesha amanyathelo amabutho Transcaucasus Russian uthimbe ezingxandeni zawo ezininzi, iinqaba kunye iikampu: Bayazit, Ardahan, njl

Kwisiqingatha sesibini zasehlotyeni 1877 impi zaye okwethutyana "emkhenkceni" ngenxa yokuba omabini amacala basalindele ukusekelwa.

Ukusukela ngoSeptemba, i-Russian waqalisa ukunamathela amacebo zokungqinga. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, wathathwa yi isixeko Kars, leyo wavula indlela eya eliphumelelayo Erzurum. Kodwa abambelele akazange athabathe ndawo ngenxa yokuphethwa San Stefano uxolo sivumelwano.

Nemiqathango yale isgqibo, ukongeza Austria England, aneliseke Serbia naseRomania. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba igalelo labo emfazweni akazange into kwi ukuxabiseka kwalo kuyinyaniso. Oku ukuzalwa isiqalo esitsha - Berlin - Congress.

Iziphumo kwemfazwe Russian-Turkish

Inqanaba lokugqibela ngamafuphi imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878 (ngokufutshane).

Sinyuse imida yoBukhosi Russian: ngakumbi ngokukodwa, inxalenye yayo ye Bessarabia ezisandula wangena, oko kulahlekileyo ngethuba le iCrimea War.

Kutshintshiselwano uncedo Ottoman ukuzikhusela eCaucasus Russian, eNgilani bahambisa imikhosi yayo kwisiqithi saseSipro kuLwandle lweMeditera.

Russian-Turkish imfazwe ka 1877-1878. (Chaza exoxwe nathi kweli nqaku) iye wadlala indima enkulu kakhulu wezangaphandle.

Oku zavelisa inyathelo ngcembe kude ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwe Russian uBukhosi kunye UK ngezizathu ukuba lizwe waqalisa ukunikel 'ingqalelo iimfuno zabo (umzekelo eRashiya wayenomdla kuLwandle Black, kunye England - Egypt).

Ababhali-mbali kunye imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878. Ngokufutshane, ngokubanzi abonakalisa isiganeko

Nangona isibakala sokuba eli imfazwe ungesiso isiganeko ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwimbali karhulumente Russian, oko inxaxheba ekufundeni inani elininzi mbali. Abaphandi ezaziwayo-kakuhle, omnikelo kuye iphawulwe njengo awona abalulekileyo li Rovnyakova, OV Orlik, FT Konstantinov, EP Lviv, njl

Baba iibhayografi bafunda yeenjengele inxaxheba kunye neenkokeli zomkhosi, iziganeko ezibalulekileyo, ushwankathelwa imfazwe Russian-Turkish ka-1877-1878, ngokufutshane esichazwe iimpapasho ezingenisiweyo. Ngokwendalo, konke oku ongenakuwelwa lilize.

Economist AP Pogrebinsky wayekholelwa ukuba Russian-Turkish War ka 1877-1878, ngokufutshane yaye ngokukhawuleza ukugqibezela ngoloyiso ubukhosi Russian kunye namahlakani ayo, iye yaba nefuthe elikhulu kakhulu kuqoqosho. Indima ebalulekileyo oku edlalwa ukulawula ka Bessarabia.

Ngokutsho yezopolitiko eSoviet UNikolai Belyaev, imfazwe yasemkhosini ubulungisa, uhlobo yokuphanga ophethe. Le ngxelo, njengoko umbhali wayo, lo kanye ngokunxulumene uBukhosi Russian, kwaye ngokunxulumene kwizibuko.

Unakho bathi Russian-Turkish War ka 1877-1878, ngokufutshane apha kweli nqaku, kuqala yabonisa impumelelo Ushintsho wamajoni Alexander II, zombini ukuhlela kunye enyanisweni.