Paper ubungakanani ngokwe ISO

Namhlanje kungqina ngalo ubukhulu iphepha. ibali lwabo luqala ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII-th. Ngowe-1798 nombhali German-nzulu, uGqr Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, kwincwadi yakhe eya uJohann Beckmann uchaza aspect ratio esebenzayo nobugcisa ezilinganayo ukuya ingcambu ka-2.

Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, urhulumente waseFransi uqalisa umthetho urhafiso yabarhwebi amaphepha, njengelona ubungakanani, iye ngqo ohambelana mihla yeefomati ISO. "Register Grand" - oku ke ISO i A2, "papier Grand" - ISO B3 njalo njalo. fomati French engazange kwaduma futhi bayalityalwa malunga iminyaka elikhulu.

Ngowe-1922 eJamani ngenjongo yokuba uqoqosho kunye nokusebenza baziswa Din standard 406. Le nto kangangokuba ekuncedeni kumazwe amaninzi aseYurophu kwaye Asia bathabatha Isijamani njengomgangatho kazwelonke. Yaye ekubeni 1975, kuwo onke amaxwebhu asemthethweni weZizwe eziManyeneyo ebhalisele sheet bayo.

Ezi nketho amazwe e North America, oko eUnited States naseKhanada, ngokunjalo nayo neJapan.

Ngokutsho iphepha ISO ekuqaleni yahlulwe iiklasi ezintathu. Isiseko uthathe indawo Igqabi ngesikwere semitha enye. Ngoko ubukhulu ingqamana format A0. Kukholelwa ubude kunye nobubanzi mm. Njengomthetho jikelele, nazo zonke ezinye ubungakanani bephepha zigqitywa ngokwahlula icala elide ukuya ezimbini, oko kukuthi, ukuba A0 (841x1189) kusikwa phakathi, sifumana 594h841. Oku kuya kuba ubungakanani A1, njl

Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo yangasemva ukuthwala bonke ubukhulu beklasi A kule theyibhile.

A iklasi eRashiya ethandwa kakhulu. Ethandwa kakhulu kuthathwa A4. Wasebenzisa imihla izigidi-ofisi.

Kodwa eYurophu, imveliso ngobuninzi ayikwazi kusekelwa na ngohlobo oluthile. Isizathu kukuba izixhobo yoshicilelo ngakumbi yaye wasebenzisa ngakumbi ukuba basebenze imfuno yabathengi eyanelisayo jikelele. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho iphepha iifomati Class B. Baya zichazwa imin zejometri phakathi iklasi asebumelwaneni A. oko kukuthi, zejiyometri kuthetha B1 phakathi A0 ne A1. Yaye ngokufanayo kwifomati S-class - kodwa imin zejometri phakathi iifomati A no-B inani elifanayo. Leyo ileta ebhaliweyo kwimakhishithi A4, ngokugqibeleleyo ibekwe emvulophini ifomati C4 kunye noxwebhu A5 ngaphandle iingxaki olala kwi C5 imvulophu.

Zonke ezi fomati nokumamela oko kukuthi, ubungakanani noxwebhu iimpapasho ugqibile.

Ngomhla amaphepha iinjini zokuphendla idla ukudideka ifomathi kunye nomgangatho. Iiklasi A, B, C kuyo nayiphi na imeko akufuneki mazingabhidaniswa iphepha kunye udidi A +, B, B +, C, C + - vice versa. Kwimeko yokuqala - oko ubungakanani, elinesibini - kwibanga kunye neepropati. Ezi ndidi zingentla zicacisa umgangatho iphepha ezithile parameters, ezifana ukuxinana, waku, ukufuma, curl, conductivity, behanahanisa, uburhabaxa, ubukhulu, ukuqina. Ngako oko, ezi ndidi kumiselwa umgangatho, oko kukuthi Luxury udidi iphepha - oko A, ixabiso lemali - udidi iphepha eklasini kuqoqosho iphepha - S.