Romanovs. Ummeli yokuqala Romanov ubukhosi phezu kwetrone Russian

Romanovs - i intsapho mandulo ezindilekileyo, amalungu ngeli gama ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-16. Kungekudala emva koko, baye baba yonke indlu ka tsars Russian nabalawuli. Ummeli yokuqala Romanov ubukhosi phezu kwetrone Russian - Michael Fedorovich, owathi ngo-1613 yaye uye. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha izenzo ezikhulu le tsar yokuqala Russian le Romanov ubukhosi.

Ukuqala Ixesha Romanovs

ukufikelela IsiRashiya ukuya etroneni

ummeli Ikamva wokuqala Romanov ubukhosi phezu kwetrone Russian, wazalwa nguThixo 1596 (12 Julayi). ebuntwaneni bakhe sachithwa kwilali Domnin (Kostroma fiefdom Romanovs). Abazali bakhe - Fyodor kunye Xenia - bazizisulu intshutshiso phantsi Boris Godunov. Bona ngenkani tonsured yimonki kwaye entolongweni eMonastri. Uyise Filaret igama, kunye nomama wakhe - uMarta. Kamva uMikhail Fedorovich amisele uyise uMphathi eMoscow All Russia.

Akufane uMikhail Fedorovich wayeneminyaka engama-16 ubudala, njengoko Zemsky Sobor, eziquka abameli phantse zonke iyaxela nezentlalo zelizwe, banyulwa ukumkani. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1613.

sokubeka

Phakathi Russia and Poland ukususela kumaxesha amandulo ukuba ulwalamano inzima kakhulu. Ngowe-1617 imikhosi Polish waya eMoscow. Phakathi kwamaqela amabini baqala thethwano leyo eyaphela ngo an ukuxolelana. Ngenxa Poland, ezinye Seversk ilizwe, kunye nommandla ESmolensk. Russia ngokubuya wafumana ikhefu kancinane uchuku lomgadi Polish.

Intlanganiso uyise nonyana

Konyaka emva isgqibo izibonda wakhululwa ekuthinjweni, Metropolitan Filaret - uyise kakumkani. Ummeli yokuqala Romanov ubukhosi noyise wakhe endandimbone ngo 1619 phezu komlambo Presnya.

"Le yesibini"

Ngoko nangoko Filaret wamiselwa ukuba uMphathi All Russia. Ukususela ngelo xesha de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe eneneni ngokwayo imithetho karhulumente. Michael ukumkani akazange ukuthatha naziphi na izigqibo ngaphandle kwemvume kayise. Usolusapho wanikwa inkululeko igunya neecawa inxaxheba ekusombululeni imiba eyahlukeneyo Zemsky. umsindo wakhe "waba opalchiv kunye nokusola." Kwathiwa ukuba nkqu ukumkani ngokwakhe - wokuqala Romanov ubukhosi - wanxunguphala bubuso bakhe;

diarchy

Uyise nonyana kunye ingqalelo zonke iintlobo zezinto, ndibaphatha isisombululo jikelele. Ebebelufumana abathunywa amazwe, benza mbasa diploma kabini kunye nezipho kabini. Ngoko ke wayefuna ummeli yokuqala Romanov ubukhosi. Phezu kwetrone Russian eneneni kakumkani amabini, zamadoda i Duma Boyar kunye Zemsky Sobor.

umsebenzi kaRhulumente

• Ekuqaleni, indima Zemsky Sobor iye ikhule kakhulu, kodwa umzimba kwasekuqaleni 1622 urhulumente kwako wabiza okudodobalisa kwaye oko kungeyonto ayenza rhoqo.
• Xa iRussia yasayina izivumelwano uxolo nabo i-Commonwealth Sweden, ilixesha ezolileyo noxolo kuye.
• Phantsi Tsar uMikhail Fedorovich abarhwebi banikwa amalungelo akhethekileyo. Kungekudala kwabonakala eRashiya-mveliso yokuqala - mveliso ephethwe.
• Tsar uMikhail wakhupha umyalelo Wayibuyisela wokushicilela (Ngexesha Iingxaki Printing House kunye oomatshini bokushicilela batshiswa).
• Lo mlawuli yokuqala Romanov ubukhosi liqalise iqela ezintsha zobugcisa kunye netalente izinto, kubandakanywa ikloko umxhelo, ibekwe kwi yesicelo i-Spassky Tower.
• Xa kuqhutywa zokwakha ebonakalayo ezinde, iicawe, ukuba kutywinwe iintanda yenziwa iindonga yesicelo, sandisiwe iyadi bamadoda, nakungena nakuphuma mntu kummandla ka yesicelo.
• Russia ngakumbi ukuphuhlisa eSiberia. Kukho wazibeka emizini Krasnoyarsk, Yakutsk, Yeniseysk, ejele emaqandeni lakhiwa.

UThixo Gcina i Tsar!

Uyise uMikhail Fedorovich wafa ngo-1633. Ngoko nangoko emva koko, le izinduna bazama ukuphembelela ngandlel kwi kukumkani, kodwa wamelana nayo. Ukongeza, yahlaselwa kukugula ethile kakhulu, kamva kwaba uthile unegalimoya. Emva kokufa ngokwakhe kweminyaka 12 ummeli yokuqala Romanov ubukhosi phezu kwetrone Russian. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1645 (13 Julayi). Waza ke wangcwatywa kwi-zingelosi Cathedral (Moscow yesicelo).