KaYuri Dombrowski: biography, iincwadi ilungileyo, iziganeko eziphambili kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Bayahlelwa oonyana babantu abaninzi ifanelwe ixesha lakhe watshona shwaka. Kubuhlungu gqitha, kuba nako ukufundisa zesizukulwana sangoku ukuze aphile ngokwenene. Ubomi Nemisebenzi Yuriya Dombrovskogo ngokungekho kulityalwa ongekho iincwadi zoncwadi.

I omaziyo lokuqala

Ngaba uyayazi loo mntu, ezifana kaYuri Dombrowski? umbhali ethandwa kakhulu, kodwa naye uthetha ngokuthozama malunga nomsebenzi wakhe. Ngubani lo mntu?

Umbhali Russian, umbhali kunye umgxeki loncwadi - lowo Yuriy Osipovich Dombrovsky. Biography, uluhlu lweencwadi - konke oku ayiphucukanga ukususela kwixesha lokuqala. Kaloku, thatha ujongo kwi uluhlu lwe imisebenzi yakhe;

• "Derzhavin".
• "Faculty of izinto ezingeyomfuneko."
• "Eli nenekazi emnyama."
• "Monkey ufika ukakayi."
• "Umgcini wezinto."
• "Ukuzalwa mouse."
• "Itotshi".

Biography: ekuqaleni

KaYuri Dombrowski wazalelwa eMoscow ngoMeyi 1909, kwintsapho yabantu ezikrelekrele. Umama waye eziphilayo, kunye noyise - ligqwetha. Kokufikelela kwiminyaka ethile, i uYuri oselula engena esikolweni hvostovskuyu elibe Krivoarbatsky lane. Kufaneleke iziqu zakhe, uqala ukuya kwi kwiikhosi uncwadi ephakamileyo, yaye ngowe-1932 ukuba abathweswe izidanga.

YokuBamba kwabathile

1933 waba buhlungu gqitha. KaYuri Dombrowski wabanjwa kwaye zisuswa eMoscow. Isizathu kule wakhonza iflegi Akukwazi ifumaneka kwigumbi yokulala George. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaba kuphela ibhaxa, kunye nezizathu lokwenyaniso ukugxothwa, siya abakhe siyazi. Abo babeqhelene uYuri, ibonisa ukuba ukugxothwa Alma-Ata, wamkela ngenxa amazwi akhe aqatha amagunya karhulumente. Abanye ngokucacile kundikhanyela umdla Dombrowski kwimicimbi yezopolitiko.

impilo iyaqhubeka

Nangona iimeko zobomi, kwisixeko esitsha Yuriy Dombrovsky wazama imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Wasebenza yiakhiyolojisti, intatheli, Umhlaziyi wobuciko, utitshala. KaYuri wayetshate umfazi omhle, philology, kodwa abantwana sibini khange.

Noko ke, iindudumo kwakhona, kwaye ngo-1937 umntu amabhongo phantsi kophando ukuthatha. Kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa, athe wawunqumla ngokupheleleyo angabikho kuluntu. koko kaYuri ndimkhulule. Kwixa elizayo le meko iya kuba sisiseko iincwadi zakhe.

Intsimi loncwadi kunye nokubanjwa olandelayo

Umbhali iqala ukupapasha kwiphephandaba "Kazakhstanskaya PRAVDA" kwaye magazini "Uqobo Kazakhstan" phantsi igama lokwenyani - kaYuri Dombrowski. Iincwadi ziye okwangoku bababamba ngokupheleleyo kwabo, kodwa yena sele apapasha inxalenye yokuqala inoveli yakhe "Derzhavin" yaye emva kwezitshixo. Ngowe-1939, wabanjwa kwakhona, yaye isigwebo kwi kwiinkampu Kolyma.

WeNkululeko, anti-zwilakhe incwadi babanjwe

Ndifike 1943. Yintoni ngoku ahlala kaYuri Dombrowski? ngobomi bakhe yenza ithuba elitsha. Umbhali ekhululwa phantsi lokuvalelwa, kunye uYuri ubuyela Alma-Ata ukuba benze imisebenzi kumabala emidlalo. Ngaphezu koko, uye emandiyenze kwiyunivesithi phezu imisebenzi kukaWilliam Shakespeare. Kwangaxeshanye oko kuyimfuneko ukuze abhale iincwadi ezifana "Monkey efika kwi ukhakhayi lakhe" kwaye "Eli nenekazi emnyama." Eyokuqala iincwadi eziqulethwe a imibono iqapheleka anti-zwilakhe.

1949 kwaphawula ukubanjwa yesine, ityala apho wakhonza ubungqina Irina Rifle - correspondent of "Komsomolskaya PRAVDA". KaYuri wathumela kwisigqibo kwi North - Ozerlag.

Ekugqibeleni, emva kweminyaka ezinzima wachitha nedwa North, umbhali yakhululwa ngo-1955. Ngelo xesha, ukuba uba ezolileyo, ezinzileyo eqaphela ukuba urhulumente akayaphula. Wayezama ukubhala inyaniso, xelela abantu, kodwa isandla yentsimbi abasemagunyeni bamfumana, ndihlazekile batshatyalaliswa. Emva kokuba wokubopha emakhaya uYuri wayesoloko kwafuneka kwakhona ngokomoya, sayifumana umnqweno ukudala. Akwenzeki ukuba ukukhanya smoldered, kodwa sihlandlo ngasinye wakwenza oko. Kunzima ukufumana umntu ufuna ukuphila kunye nomnqweno ukudala.

Zonke-ukubona ubuso abasemagunyeni wakubona oku utshintsho umbhali. Ubomi begqobhozile, kodwa akazange aphule. KaYuri kuvunyelwa ukuba baphile isixeko sakowabo - Moscow. Apho ke waqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe ezoncwadi, kodwa cwaka ngakumbi ngawo futhi. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, uye asiguqukanga iimbono zakhe, nje bafunda ukufihla kubo.

olunika umdla yokuphila

Xa kaYuri wabhala inoveli "Monkey ifika ukakayi lwakhe," umbhalo-ngqangi kwenziwa-ndaba. Noko ke, ukubanjwa elandelayo umbhali kwakhokelela ekubeni zonke ngqangi yakhe athimba abasemagunyeni. Xa umbhali ekugqibeleni wakhululwa e Moscow, oko kukuthi, emva kokuphela kweminyaka emininzi, ndafika kuye ayaziwa. Igama Le ndoda yahlala engekasonjululwa. Yeza uYuri ngqangi kusindiswa, nangona ngokwesiko kwafuneka ukuba awutshise.

KaYuri wathabatha inoveli onzima kakhulu kakubi yi Solzhenitsyn. Oonobumba wabhalela umbhali ibalaselisa abalungiseleli ngurhulumente edume kwaye iwajongela balibambe endilisekileyo. KaYuri kukhokelele kwinto yokuba le ndoda babhala iinoveli ezinjalo, waba eminqubeni "emithandathu" igunya kuphela phezu kwabantu.

Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, ngaphandle links, umbhali iitekisi ezizodwa eyayive ubunzima inkohlakalo yabantu njengesiqhelo. Ngayo amaxesha amaninzi nje wabethwa, kodwa ukuba uye emapoliseni ingxelo bekuya kuba yinto nje etyeni. Izinto ezingenziwanga esidlangalaleni, yaye ngokuthe ngcembe walibala ngayo.

Ukongeza, umbhali wayesoloko lixhoba ngenxa abatshutshisi ze iKGB. Yinto eyaziwayo nje encinane, yaye kuphela usapho wayesazi ukuba umntu efuna ukwenza, yonke imihla yobomi bakhe baya phantsi umpu.

A kancinci iincwadi abadumile

"Umgcini wezinto"

KaYuri Dombrowski, ogama iincwadi yapapashwa kuphela ibe ncinci kakhulu, singaphelelwa ukholo, kwaye asathe gqolo ukubhala. Ngowe-1964 wapapasha inoveli "umgcini Antiquities," nto leyo ukusuka igama etsomo sichaza adventures zakhe cheerless bagxothwe eMoscow.

"Faculty of izinto ezingeyomfuneko"

Le ncwadi yasungulwa kwangolu 1964. Yaba umbhali zokudala phezulu. Xa sele ugqibile le ncwadi ngowe-1975, umbhali akwazi nikuvakalise ekhaya, ngoko kwiminyaka emithathu kamva wapapasha kuyo eFransi in Russian.

Kakuhle eli imveliso leyo iza amaxabiso zamaKristu kwihlabathi nabuntu. The main abalinganiswa - oku "zinegalelo" inkqubo kaStalin rhoqo asebenza ngayo urhulumente.

ukufa

Emva kokukhululwa lombhali yakhe yehlelo wabethwa kakubi, ubomi babuphakathi kwenyama nozipho. Ngenxa yoko, wafa esibhedlele evela ukopha lwangaphakathi yomeleleyo ngoMeyi 1978. Ukuseka ingubani kubabethi eziliqela akuphumelelanga. Ityala ngokukhawuleza bezongena phezulu kwaye kungekho bani umaziyo amagama bokwenene ababulali indoda enkulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ibetha kwenzeka kufuphi Writers 'House, ethe ngqo kunye kaYuri.

Izalamane wangcwatyelwa umbhali kwi Kuzminskiy emangcwabeni eMoscow. Emva kokufa zombhali imisebenzi yakhe wabona ihlabathi. iincwadi ezintathu zazikhutshwa lusapho kunye nabahlobo zombhali.