Battle for Redoubt Shevardino: Iinkcukacha

Yilwa malunga Shevardino redoubt yenzeke olwandulela kwedabi Borodino, kwaye kuthathwa isandulela. Idabi lokulawula le zokomeleza ezibalulekileyo ezaqalisa ngenxa yokuba uNapoleon kwakufuneka indawo ngcono lohlaselo elandelayo, kunye Kutuzov wayefuna yokulibazisa ixesha ukuze ulungise nomkhosi wakhe.

ngosuku olwandulela

Ngentsasa ka-Agasti 24 (Septemba 5th) ngo-1812 ukulungiselela ixesha lokuqala French wasondela izithuba Russian. Le mfazwe yokuqala ingxabano malunga Kolotskogo monastery. Eyona imikhosi ephambili yomkhosi Russian yi kwiikhilomitha ezingama-8 kude. Kwakhe kuqala beza phantsi abasemva Peter Konovnitsyn. Emva kweeyure wokulwa, yena nabantu bakhe bawela umlambo Kolocha yaye wayeka kufuphi nelali Shevardino.

Kutuzov kwafuneka ukuba bathenge ixesha ukugqiba umsebenzi zobunjineli lokuqala ukwakhiwa kwiinqaba. Ngoko wakhetha ilali Shevardino njengendawo ukulibaziseka French. Ngobusuku obandulela kwakhiwa apho redoubt pentagonal. Ekuqaleni kubhekwe njengenxalenye ephangweni ekhohlo. Xa kwizikhundla Russian ziye Undityhale umva, Shevardino redoubt yaba phambili elizimeleyo.

Ukubona ukomelezwa, ngoko nangoko uNapoleon wayalela emfuna. Eneneni ukuze athintele imikhosi French uyisebenzise. Kwi ukuhlaselwa waya amaqela amathathu kakhulu ukuba yinxalenye Davout kunye Polish amahashe Yuzefa Ponyatovskogo. Kunika umdla ukuba ekuqaleni imikhosi eziphambili French eziku emantla-ntshona kunye nentshona ye Borodino. Kutuzov wayefuna nje oko. Noko ke, uNapoleon kusonjululwa isicwangciso elikhuselayo yaye abazange ukwamkela imithetho yakhe yomdlalo. Kungenxa yoko le nto imithombo French yachaza amandla bahlaselayo njenge redoubt ye iphiko lasekunene-mkhosi Bonaparte.

impi Russian

Shevardino redoubt injalo phantsi umyalelo uLieutenant-Jikelele Andrei Gorchakov. Yaba ngumtshana ka Suvorov, owayesele wazibonakalisa nemikhankaso eSwitzerland Italian. Jikelele waba engama-21 ubudala. Gorchakov subordinated ku-27 kwiCandelo nguDmitry Neverovsky, regiments eziliqela abakhwele, ngokunjalo ngabavukeli. Umlo Shevardino redoubt kwaba kwindawo ephakamileyo ngenxa jikelele. Xa ilifa lakhe amajoni-11 000, lo gama uNapoleon lathunyelwa uhlaselo ka-35 amawaka.

zaye ngolu hlobo lulandelayo imikhosi Gorchakoff. Phezu redoubt 12 ngemipu benkampani ibhetri-12, umthetho yi uLieutenant Kol Winspear. Emva kwabo ubuxoki elihamba Division 27. Xa umgca lokuqala Simbirsky kunye Odessa ukonakala. Kule yesibini - Tarnopolsky kunye Vilna. Jaeger webutho, (6) kufuphi Aleksinki phezu kodonga lasekunene lomlambo Kolocha. Kwakukho ezininzi kwizihlambo amatyholo. Ezi yunithi wathabatha Doroninskoye uAshera phezu ongaphandle dolophana Doronin.

Ukuya emantla lali Shevardino, ifumana igama layo Shevardino redoubt apho lumiswe Chernihiv neKharkiv regiments dragoon. South of iinqaba phezu kwentaba, waba vosmiorudiynaya ibhetri 9 Calvary Company. Ligcwale squadrons ezimbini ifakiwe Akhtyrka hussar butho. Ukuya ngasekunene redoubt wamisa izixhobo 23 Light Company, kwakunye zokudubula we-9 Calvary and Company th 21 Light Company.

Ngasemva Russian yaba 2nd Cuirassier Division. Wasuka wayalela ukuba kubhalwe Major-General ilya Duca. Kufuphi Kamenka 2nd Grenadier Division uCharlemagne Meklenburskogo. Enye 4 Ibutho wema kufuphi kwilali Semyonov. Xa zizonke, xa Kwidabi Shevardino redoubt, Gorchakov uye imipu 46, 38 squadrons owamahashe, 36 ithathele elihamba. Ukuya ngasekhohlo wakhe ehlathini, kwanelungelo - elalini igama elifanayo.

ekhubekisayo French

Into ebalulekileyo ukhuseleko amajoni Russian yaba iqweqwe esasayame indlela endala ESmolensk. Andithethelele wakhe Wenza Cossack regiments ka uMajor General Karpov Akim. Le ndlela umzimba Poniatowski ihamba.

Battle for Shevardino redoubt lwaqala ukuhlaselwa amaqela uNapoleon kaThixo. Bahlehla phezu kwezinye, indlela New ESmolensk. Ekuqaleni, yonke ubunzima ifuthe senzeka kwiCandelo le-5 Jean-Dominika Kompana. amajoni sayo sahlukile igama ebalaseleyo. Malunga KOMPAN iintsomi ezininzi ezishelifini. Omnye wabo, umgca 57th, emva kokuba iphulo Italian ngelika labangcangcazelisi. Kwakugcwele abanamava French amajoni-amagqala. division Fifth bezibandakanya regiments ezine elihamba kumgca, iinkampani ezimbini zokudubula kunye esidityanisiweyo voltizherskogo butho. Wawuhlanganisa guns 30 kwaye phantse amawaka 10 elihamba.

Iintshaba waya apho Shevardino redoubt, kwaye umda amandla ukusuka ezantsi kunye entla. waqhekeza Double French, kodwa sihlandlo ngasinye wabethwa elihamba Neverovsky.

izenzo Compay

Utshaba lihamba ecaleni kwendlela. imiqolo emithathu utshaba bagcinwa kwi ukuphakama efanayo. Ngentsimbi ezimbini emva kwemini baya Kolocha waya Shevardino redoubt. Bekusele emfutshane ngaloo mini kwachazwa ngamangqina amaninzi, kuquka Alexander Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky. Waphawula ukuba Konovitsyn kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele Borodino. Emva kwale rearguard regiments baqalisa ukuba babe yinxalenye kwezakhiwo. Amalungiselelo ukuze yokulwa, umkhosi Russian kwavela amehlo yotshaba. Ukufikelela kuyo ivaliwe Shevardino redoubt. Ibali edabini umdla ingqalelo mbali ezininzi ...

Compans nibethe wasebenzisa iimpawu ze-mphandle yengingqi. Kuba yintoni injongo yayakhiwe Shevardino redoubt? Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba ihlangane French ndiwahlasele umkhosi omkhulu Russian. Ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuba kuthinjwe iinqaba ezisetyenziswayo Compans awuthimba ephakamileyo njengeqonga ngemipu zabo. Guns umonakalo ngakumbi ngokuthi zokudubula lo redoubt kunye yokusabela elihamba.

ukulwa

I kokulwa Esokuqala malunga neyure. Ngequbuliso ibanjwa libe lide ixesha, Russian Imol kunye huntsmen lihambe. Kanye ngeli xesha imikhosi utshaba phantsi umyalelo lobuqu uNapoleon yaya ngqo kwiikholamu yokumnceda. Baye kwakhokelwa ezininzi ngomlilo lutshaba zokudubula.

Bekukho noludumileyo ngokugqithiseleyo ngamanani isiFrentshi. It anyanzela Gorchakov nangoko ukungena kwimeko grenadiers reserve. Noko ke, loo ndlela, kwathatha ixesha. Bakuba besondela ngumongo, buckshot, iziqhushumbisi kunye iimbumbulu yayifafazeke imikhosi ukuzithethelela kunye Shevardino redoubt. "Yintoni na, ukuba liphumelele?!" - ingcinga French, kodwa uloyiso yabo elifutshane ixesha elide. ukuba nje baqalisa ukuba bagqwese le redoubt, njengoko grenadiers reserve engena silo. indlela kwabo emangalisa ngokwenene. Xa phambi grenadiers banxiba iingubo ababingeleli. On the iminqamlezo ngezandla zabo, baze baqinisekise ukuba umoya amajoni waphefumlela ukuba aye kwi uhlaselo.

Weza bophula ukunceda regiments redoubt arhola level kunye ibhetri. Utshaba yabuya umva. Bubushushu edabini dogfight. Abachasi yena achitha ngamnye yaye ukuthabatha inyathelo lokuqala, kodwa icala nako ukuthatha ilifa ayimfuneko ukugqithisela uloyiso lokugqibela. Ngorhatya, yaye Shevardino, Redoubt kwaye ibekwe kwi iphiko ngasekhohlo yehlathi Russian wahlala.

yintaba

Kwadlula imini, elandelwa ngokuhlwa, kunye namagqwetha zokuqinisa endle laqhubeka ukubamba isikhundla sakhe. Utshaba wayeka zokudubula okwexeshana. Kodwa kuqala ubumnyama ukunceda Poniatowski kwafika cuirassiers. Bobabini sangena kuhlaselwa entsha. Kwi redoubt weva indlela le French amajoni. Ebumnyameni, ukufumanisa inani kwakungenakwenzeka. Kodwa xa lungiselelo French zikhanyiswe Madotyeni, enakhanyiselwa ngayo ukukhanya endleleni yabo ukuhlasela ikholam angqingqwa yotshaba. Bethutha ngayo iphiko Russian ekunene.

Ngelo xesha, Gorchakov omnye kuphela iyantlukwano kunye nomkhosi omnye. Ke jikelele waya iqhinga. Wayalela ukuba nomkhosi ukubetha igubu kunye bakhwaze "oo !!!", kodwa akazange afumane move on. Ithe yakuva kudlula umculo, isiFrentshi babedideka yaye baphulukana isantya yokuqala. Ngelo xesha, nonogada Russian of the 2nd Cuirassier Division kwi wokuphalisa ngokupheleleyo inxaxheba emfazweni; kwawona uhlaselo.

division French Compans iinzame entsha angena Shevardino redoubt nje kokuba zobusuku. nokubhalwa kubulawa ezoyikekayo. Amajoni alwa isandla ngesandla. Kuyabonakala ukuba phantse zero. Emva kokuba bethintelwe kuphela mnyama, kodwa umsi ashinyeneyo. Abachasi baye ugalelwe kunye nabanye. Okokugqibela, i-French ayeke kwaye kwakhona lweMedia, eshiya imipu-5. izixhobo omathathu ndawo, abanye ababini bathathwa cuirassiers. Le mpi wayeka. Around zobusuku elundini walilungisa koloni French.

Kwaba ngoko ngokwemiyalelo Kutuzov Gorchakov ekugqibeleni lweMedia. Bamba kude evela kwezinye indawo redoubt ngoku ezingenamsebenzi. genius Military waba yakhe, njengokuba ixesha elaneleyo ukuvumela umkhosi omkhulu IsiRashiya ukuya kuthabatha indawo yawo kufuneka ulungiselele olunye.

UNapoleon quthu

Ngengomso emva kwedabi, Bonaparte ingabaginyi ka omnye regiments le Compay. I koMlawuli wabuza xhungu oko kwenzekileyo kuyo lowo nomkhosi wesithathu. Isikhulu Wathi umlawuli, ukuba wahlala phezu redoubt. Ngaba ihlathi omelene waqhubeka Luhlala amajoni Russian. Iintolo rhoqo abaqalise ehlasela waqhubeka ukuhlaselwa ezincinane. Kuphela xa isizathu ke wathabatha ngokupheleleyo mabutho ka Murat, kuba ikwazile ukuba ukucima ethafeni. Ngoko yaphela ukulwa for Shevardino Redoubt (umhla dabi zidweliswe ekuqaleni kweli nqaku).

Le mini ziba yingozi kuba uNapoleon. Esalele kancinane kwaye kakuhle. Ekugqibeleni kwafika kuye, Jikelele Caulaincourt, abazixeláyo ukuba ezandleni French akazange afumane ibanjwa elinye. Zimangele uNapoleon waqalisa ukubuza imibuzo engqongqo. Akagityiselwanga na mabutho French wahlasela utshaba ngexesha? Ntoni Russian: ukuphumelela okanye sife? Le jikelele waphendula olubiyele ngamajoni utshaba wakhetha ukuzibulala. I caulaincourt uchaze le yokuziphatha yi kukuba Russian kusetyenziselwa ukulwa baseTurkey, yaye kunqabile ukuba bathathe amabanjwa. Ngaphezu koko, uNapoleon baqhubeka amajoni interlocutor Gorchakov zacaciselwa ngokucacileyo ukuba banenzondelelo yempambano. I koMlawuli wachukumiseka gqitha, waza wangena etankini.

ukubaluleka redoubt

Nangona inkcazo edabini ukuba redoubt zahluke ngokubanzi, bonke iqinisekisa ukuba lo mlawuli kakhulu ukubaluleka yokumnceda. Ngoko ke, kunokuba siye entsimini Borodino ngasentla kwendlela entsha ESmolensk, wahlasela Shevardino. Ngelo xesha kunye ngoncedo i-French kwibutho labasebenzi de Beauharnais zagutyungelwa yi kuhlaselwa kunokwenzeka ephangweni ngasekhohlo. Ngenxa yesi sicwangciso Russian kwadingeka uyeke ukulwa zoqhagamshelwano ndirhoxise imikhosi yayo bake ukuphakama, kufutshane ifleshi. Ngexesha iqhele wasebenzisa imiqondiso isandi ukuba uhlaselo. Baye Kwakufuneka ukuba akhohlise utshaba.

Ukubaluleka into ethwele idabi for Shevardino redoubt, ngokufutshane okhankanywe yonke imithombo isiFrentshi. Captain Labeaume wakhumbula ukuba umlilo ukumbulala, leyo yaqhutywa nale ukomelezwa, ithwalelwe ukwesaba ezintlwini yomkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo.

zijike ezilandelayo

Ngoko ke Kwidabi Shevardino redoubt yaba isandulela lonke Idabi Borodino. Ngandlel sinditya ezimbini zokucwangcisa, amajoni ngokwemveli iqala iimfazwe aphakathi kwe-Eastern nokuxubana. iqela ngalinye ngengqiqo, eyakhe. Kutuzov ixesha lokulungiselela kwidabi, kunye uNapoleon iye yabonisa amandla komkhosi wakhe. Kwangaxeshanye, umphathi Russian omkhulu ukumisela indlela kungenzeka kakhulu of ugwayimbo yotshaba. Waqala ukulungiselela idabi ngezizathu ukuba yaseFransi baba ukuhlasela zibe ngasekhohlo.

Emva kokuphumelela Kwidabi Shevardino redoubt, Bonaparte wakwazi ukuze kuthunyelwe amajoni ayo ukuze kumgca yotshaba. Bridgehead, nto ukuba uhlaselo ephangweni Russian ekhohlo, yajika nenzuzo kakhulu. Zobuqili UNapoleon Kutuzov wenza kube sebusuku kwi olwandulela kwidabi ukulungiselela nokuhlelwa ngokutsha imikhosi zabo. Ukususela eziphakamileyo ezinqatyisiweyo ukuba nababezibonile, njengoko tye kusiba wondla isiFrentshi, nasemahlathini baqokelela ngaphezulu abatoli zabo. Nge zokudubula redoubt Grand Army of iindlela ezahlukeneyo abathuthwayo ukuya akake kunye neenduli.

Kunjalo Gorchakov nangoko wabonisa ukuba Russian uya kulwa ngobundlobongela, ukuba uNapoleon akazange athembise ukuba uloyiso lula, leyo wasebenzisa kwimfazwe e-Europe. Kutuzov emva kokuba idabi ngenxa redoubt yabangela nomkhosi Grenadier Bala Vorontsov kufutshane ekomelezeni kufuphi bake. Housing Tuchkova uthe wahlukana ebekelwe yaye wafudukela kwindlela endala ESmolensk. Ezinye regiments of wamajoni abasalayo emva imigca, kwakufuneka ukunceda, bancwine abahlatyiweyo. Ngenxa kushenxa yomkhosi French Kutuzov watshintsha ikomkhulu layo. Ukusuka Tatarinov wafudukela Gorki. Ukongeza, 4 Jager webutho, zaye zathunyelwa ehlathini ukukhusela uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-2 Army lweSizwe kunye Tuchkov.

iziphumo

Ngenxa yesenzo French avele bake egungxula (ekwabizwa ngokuba Bagrationovsky), lo gama Maslovsky nemband 'esikhova. Okwanda ukubaluleka kwendlela endala ESmolensk. Ngoku, ngale ndlela French akwazi ukubamba kushenxa nesigqubuthelo. Iziko womxhuzulane ngeziganeko ezizayo Borodino yasiwa phambili lasezantsi. Xa izandla uNapoleon yaba nokuphakama elibalaseleyo, abasamkelayo nge ukuhlasela kwakhe yingozi. umlawuli French ke akusekho mfuneko ukuba atyhudise kumgca Russian enqatyisiweyo, ukuba sithembele Kolocha kwaye ufake izithintelo zendalo ngohlobo lomlambo nzima ukuya. Ngenxa yoko, uNapoleon bayilungisa indawo futhi ngomqondo wahlula Kutuzov. Bayahlelwa ngakumbi kwemfazwe Borodino wawuxhomekeke nezigcaliselo iinjengele kwi edabini.

Kukholelwa ukuba lokufakwa redoubt Shevardino French waphulukana abantu malunga 4-5 amawaka babulawa yaye ababuleweyo, lo gama ilahleko Russian yaba 6-7 amawaka. Loo ilahleko enkulu ngenxa yokuba ubukho ebalulekileyo zokudubula yotshaba kunye noludumileyo ngamanani yotshaba. amabutho Russian balahlekelwa kakhulu ngenxa ukwakha kunye crossfire.