I yesicelo udonga. Ngubani wangcwatyelwa kufuphi eludongeni yesicelo? Idangatye obunguNaphakade kwi eludongeni yesicelo

Enye ezinika ephambili eyinkunzi, awathi eMoscow waqonda basemzini bade - olu donga yesicelo. Nangona ekuqaleni esibhaliweyo njengoko iinqaba zokubonisela ukuzithethelela, ngoku abalisebenzisayo, kunoko, kumsebenzi zokuhombisa kwaye lesikhumbuzo bokwakha. Kodwa ke ngaphandle koku, ngenkulungwane yokugqibela yesicelo udonga isebenza kwindawo yokungcwaba zabantu abadumileyo kweli lizwe. Le necropolis lo emangcwabeni le owawungekhe ehlabathini kwaye iye yaba enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo ezikhumbuzo yembali eyinkunzi kunye nendawo ukutyelela amawaka abakhenkethi.

Imbali kodonga yesicelo

look Modern oko kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-16. Yayakhiwe yesicelo udonga ukusuka lwezitena ezibomvu kwisiza lo ilitye elimhlophe yamandulo, kwaye nje ukuya empuma yendawo yesicelo landiswa. Ku yakhiwa abakhi Italian. Imilo ye zodonga yesicelo inqaba ngokuphindaphindiweyo imilo yaye yimbonakalo unxantathu engagunyaziswanga. It uthatha ngaphezu kweekhilomitha ezimbini ukuphakama kuyimitha ukusuka ezintlanu ukuya mabini. Iindonga aphezulu zazivela Red Square. Top yesicelo udonga ezihonjiswe amazinyo ukuba zimile a dovetail. Kukho ngaphezu kwewaka, kwaye phantse bonke bafumana slits emxinwa. Udonga ngokwayo ubanzi, malunga ezintandathu eemitha, kukho amalungiselelo embrasures eziliqela ukuguquka. Ngaphandle, oko agudileyo, ezenziwe ngezitena zibomvu. ezinde kwama-20 ezahlukeneyo ezimiliselwe eludongeni. Eyona idumileyo - uMsindisi, apho incwadi yesicelo chimes. Ukongeza ixabiso yezakhiwo nembali yalo, kube ngoku yesicelo Wall itsala abatyeleli wadala kule necropolis kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Yena uhlobo yamangcwaba, Yaba sisikhumbuzo.

Ukudala yesicelo necropolis

Zokuqala ezimbini okungcwaba kufuphi eludongeni yesicelo wabonakala ngoNovemba 1917. Ukuba zibekwe kwi-Red Square phakathi Nikol'skii kunye nesango Spassky. Baye ke sangcwatywa amajoni nameless malunga 200 babulawa ngo-Oktobha Revolution. Kwiminyaka elishumi ezayo, a amangcwaba ngaphezu kweshumi ngobuninzi ecaleni eludongeni. Ezingamakhulu amathathu bamngcwabela kuwo iiBolsheviks aziwayo amagama 110 kuphela. Imbeko kubo kuye igama izitrato ezininzi nezikwere kwikomkhulu nakwezinye izixeko. Kude 1927 malunga yesicelo udonga, kwaye nkqu abafileyo wangcwatywa wafa iinkokeli izinto zendalo ye revolution. Kwakukho amangcwaba abangatshatanga abantu adumileyo ixesha.

Ngubani wangcwatyelwa kufuphi udonga yesicelo kwiminyaka yokuqala?

• Kuba elabafileyo lokuqala olunye udonga yesicelo apho ngo-1919. It wangcwatywa Ya. M. Sverdlov.
• Kule 20 okuqala amaninzi abanegama lombutho kunye norhulumente bangcwatyelwa mangcwaba ngamnye: M. V. Frunze, F. E. Dzerzhinsky, M. V. esibizwa kunye nabanye.
• Kwiminyaka yokuqala yesicelo Wall Necropolis kungcwatywa njengoko ngamaKomanisi amazwe. Apha kungcwatywa Dzhon lahlani uClara Zetkin, Inessa Armand kunye noSam Katayama.
• Ukususela ngo-1924, elo ziko baba necropolis ye yesicelo Umakhi walala apho umzimba V. I. Lenina. Le ndawo yayiza kuba neqonga nosaziwayo zoluntu.

Yokungcwaba imi--30-80

Emva 1927 kwagqitywa ukuba wangcwatyelwa kufuphi incwadi yesicelo udonga kuphela amalungu abaziwayo iqela kunye norhulumente, kwakunye zesayensi ezinkulu. ukungcwaba emaqandeni wayeka, kodwa phambi 1985 kwi necropolis kungcwatywa abantu abaninzi abadumileyo.

• amalungu iqela kunye norhulumente: Budyonny, Suslov, Brezhnev, Andropov ne Chernenko;
• ekuqaleni-imi- 60 loMthetho Lenin Umakhi ithwalwa kwaye wangcwatyelwa kufuphi incwadi yesicelo udonga umzimba I. V. Stalina;
• Bonke bafa elikwisikhundla kaMarshal zhukov, umzekelo;
• pilot ezibalaseleyo, umzekelo, Chkalov, cosmonaut uYuri Gagarin kunye nabanye abaninzi;
• Karpinski izazinzulu ezaziwayo, Kurchatov ne Korolev;
• necropolis Iindwendwe ezinomdla ngubani wangcwatyelwa eludongeni Kremleskoy kunjalo uyakwazi ukubona amagama unina Lenin, umfazi wakhe N. K. Krupskoy, umbhali Mxim Gorky, Lunacharsky Commissar of Education, kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Njani bangcwatyelwa necropolis?

Ide 80 okuqala isetyenziswe ukuze ube yindawo yokungcwabela abantu abaziwayo yesicelo udonga. Burial ecaleni kwakhe aba yeentlobo ezimbini:

1. Ukuya ngasekunene yamangcwaba kufuphi eludongeni yesicelo indawo emangcwabeni nosaziwayo kakhulu lombutho kunye norhulumente. Bona Zazihonjiswe ngemifanekiso oqingqiweyo - kwengeniso ze nomkroli odumileyo Merkurov, Tomsk, kunye nezinye Rukavishnikova. Umntu wokugqibela wangcwatyelwa kufuphi udonga yesicelo, waba K. nakwimiVo Chernenko, wangcwatyelwa apho ngo-1985.
2. Inkoliso yabo wafihlwa necropolis ka sebefile. Amakhulu kunye nothuthu abo imbedded eludongeni yesicelo kumacala omabini yeeNgwevu inde. amagama abo kunye nemihla yobomi wakrola Iizilebhu lenkumbulo. Xa iyonke, udonga amanxiwa zabantu 114 ezinkulu - izazinzulu, emkhosini, abezopolitiko kunye oosomajukujuku. Le yokugqibela wangcwatywa ngendlela D. F. Ustinov.

Yiyiphi enye into eyaziwa eludongeni yesicelo?

Yokungcwaba, abakhenkethi etsala nje kuphela i-Red Square. I yesicelo Wall Necropolis engena enkumbulo "Lingcwaba Soldier Ongaziwayo", ibekwe i-Alexander Garden. Kuye kwaqulunqwa 1967 imbeko engama 25 ka nokukhululwa eMoscow. Uthuthu lweli ijoni elingaziwayo kwi buyo gun njengenxalenye abeze emngcwabeni ethatyathwe Zelenograd. Ifom yakutshanje yesikhumbuzo asithatyathwa ngoko nangoko. ingcwaba Ijoni wamiswa ilitye kunye sisincoko ezenziwe ngobhedu. Ngomhla isondo iflegi imfazwe zamajoni isigcina kunye nesebe ngowakhe. Idangatye obunguNaphakade kwi eludongeni yesicelo incedisana nokwakheka. Kamva, uye ongeziwe nasezirhangeni kunye neeyunithi abomvu, ezithi zigcinwe phantsi komhlaba ezilishumi izixeko-ngamagorha, yaye ngowe-2010 kwakukho inyengane lesikhumbuzo weemitha ezili-10 tshe. Kwakhona Limele kwisikhumbuzo imizi hero. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo lonke ubume ngokwaso ludonga sisikhumbuzo yesicelo. Iifoto ndawo eyaziwa kuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya.

Imbali necropolis

Kuba phantse kwiminyaka elikhulu, kukho uhlobo yamangcwaba. ukonakala imbonakalo yakhe latshintshwa izihlandlo eziliqela, yaye 50 wada wayefuna ukuvala ukuhambisa yokuphumla uthuli apho kwenye indawo. izicwangciso senze ntoni ukuze ukudala kela ezikhethekileyo, kodwa ivaliwe kungekudala le projekthi. Ngomhla bayahlelwa necropolis akufuneki kakhulu eyenzekayo kweli lizwe yabonisa iziganeko zezopolitiko. Nangona imigaqo nehlazo, kungekhona kungcwaba eludongeni, kodwa yokungcwaba ekhoyo akukho alunakupheliswa. Ukususela ngo-1974, lo necropolis wenza inani ezikhumbuzo zoluntu, yaye akhuselwe ngurhulumente. Inxalenye yawo - Lingcwaba Soldier Unknown - iye yaba iyindawo ethandwa iindwendwe notyelelo ababusi amazwe. Iminyaka emininzi ukuthetha malunga Ukungabikho necropolis kunye nokudluliselwa eluthuthwini wangcwatyelwa apho amangcwaba zesiqhelo. Oku kungenxa kuphela zonqulo, kodwa iingcamango yezopolitiko. Kodwa ngokomthetho ngoku Russian, kufuneka afumane imvume izalamane, nokuthe kwiimeko ezininzi akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke necropolis waba lesikhumbuzo zokwakha kunye nembali. Abakhenkethi abaninzi badla ukutyelela eludongeni yesicelo.

necropolis intsingiselo

Ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala kokusekwa kwayo, kuba iye yaba yindawo yesifungo amajoni phambi kwimiju- Umakhi. Ngethuba leeholide, i-Lingcwaba Soldier engaziwayo eyabelwe nezidanga. Yaye kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kubalulekile malunga unogada isigxina imbeko amajoni webutho kamongameli. Le ndawo ityelelwa abathunywa angaphandle kunye nabakhenkethi hayi kuphela ngethuba leeholide, kodwa kwakhona ngeentsuku eziqhelekileyo. Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ngubani wangcwatyelwa kufuphi udonga yesicelo, kodwa ukuba sisikhumbuzo enjalo, laziwa kuphela eRashiya kodwa phesheya. Lo necropolis wayengomnye ezinika uthandwayo eMoscow.