Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich: ngokutsha biography nobuchule

Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich, engobomi kunye nobuchule efanele yolu phononongo, wayengomnye mbali abadumileyo kunye inkulu Russian kwinkulungwane XIX. Ukongeza, ukuba yaziwa njenge inani yoluntu, umbhali, umpapashi, umqokeleli zakudala kunye nombhali. imisebenzi yakhe negalelo kuphuhliso imithombo kwinzululwazi yembali zesizwe kunye nendlela yayo yophando Eneneni igama elitsha kwinzululwazi lwanamhlanje.

Ezinye iinkcukacha zobomi

Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane esingunobangela eli nqaku waphila ubomi obude kunye nemveliso ubomi (1800-1875). Yena unyana serf of Count Saltykov, kodwa wafumana inkululeko yakhe, imfundo kunye wangena isici kwimbali-philological University eMoscow. Apha wamela thesis inkosi yakhe waba uprofesa.

Wafundisa imbali Russian nehlabathi, yaye kungekudala Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich waba yintloko yeSebe imbali Russian, leyo yasekwa Tshatha eyunivesithi ngo-1835. Noko ke, emva kwexesha elithile, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ushiye isithuba. Kwathi ngo-1844 ngenxa ungquzulwano kunye njengabathenjwa ziko. Ekubeni Pogodin wazinikela kuphela uphando, journalistic kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu. Ukususela ngo1820 ukuya 1850 wapapasha iimagazini indlela endala.

Sebenza kunye nemithombo

Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich eyaziwa njenge ungumqokeleli zakudala Russian. Waqokelela imibhalo-ngqangi yamandulo kunye yokufuna ezahlukeneyo. Wabo wachaza kakuhle kwaye ishicilelwe. Kule nkalo, umsebenzi wakhe waba neziqhamo kweyobunzululwazi zembali. Eneneni, kanye ngexesha ngayo namava ngexesha layo. Ngoko ke, lo ziqaliswe imithombo ejikeleza lwenzululwazi kwakubaluleke kakhulu. ingqokelela lakhe Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich waqalisa ukuqokelela ngakumbi kule minyaka 1830. Bona sele kufunyenwe inani elikhulu izinto zakudala: imifanekiso, imifanekiso, izitampu, nemityikityo abantu abaziwayo-ngqangi yamandulo, kuquka izinto ibandla. Konke oku kuye ngokuba "Drevlekhranilishche".

inkqubo

Umbhali-mbali ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwimbali yamandulo ephakathi Russian. Ijolisa kwingxaki ukuvela karhulumente. Ngowe-1825 wabhala ithisisi "inkosi yakhe On the Origin of Rus '. Lo mbuzo awayenomdla kuba kulapho wabona umahluko ngeendlela nasekuphuhlisweni kwelizwe lethu namazwe Western Yurophu. Ngokomzekelo, wayichasa olu uloyiso yenzeka kula mazwe leso Normans umsebenzi eRashiya. Ngowe-1834 Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich wayekhusela ithisisi yakhe yesibini "Ngomhla umlando Nestor," nto leyo echaza imithombo le ngxaki. Ukongeza, waba nomdla umbuzo izizathu ngokuvela eMoscow. Kwaye ke wokuqala mbali wadala ingcamango "amandla ndibano" ababusi balo.

periodization

Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich wadala igridi yakhe ngokwezibalo kwimbali Russian. Kwindawo yokuqala kuba kwathiwa ebiza Varyags. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuchaziwe ukuba ebalulekileyo ekudalweni state factor Slavic. Eli xesha lokuqala, wayigqiba bolawulo Yaroslav, ixesha zibalisa yokukhwabusha lokugqibela sokumiswa Russian. Umda sesibini kusenjalo, ichazwa ayehlasela nangezinto nokusekwa ukubola idyokhwe. Ixesha elandelayo, le Moscow, ibhekisela kwixesha de Ekuqalekeni kobukumkani Peter I. Ke ekugqibeleni, kwiilwimi zesiNtu ngayo Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich ebizwa ixesha ubuzwe, kunye ngokukodwa wathetha kakuhle ukupheliswa serfdom.

Ukuthelekiswa yembali Russian kunye nehlabathi

Isazinzulu wenze iqela iingcamango umdla malunga iimfano neeyantlukwano malunga nophuhliso Europe naseRashiya. Ngokutsho kuye, ngaphambili yawo ifana ezininzi: feudalism kunye nenkqubo ezithile, buthathaka kwayo okwalandela kunye nokomelezwa yasebukhosini. Nakuba kunjalo, abaphandi bathi ukuba nangona ukufana, la mabali ze gqiba nge. Ekugqibeleni, weyiseka ukuba ilizwe lethu liphuhlisa indlela ekhethekileyo. Oku Bulelani kunokwenzeka yokuba urhulumente yasekwa ubizo zoxolo, kungekhona ukoyisa. Kwaye ngoko ke ubukhosi ekhuselekileyo evela revolutions, leyo ngeli xesha kwenzeka kwilizwekazi.

Ukubaluleka Imbali

Umbhali, isimiso, yayikufuphi Slavophiles, ukusukela yokugqibela kwakhona wathetha malunga nendlela yokuqala yophuhliso eRashiya. Ehlabathini efanayo iingcinga kuphuhliswa kwiincwadi zakhe Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich. Eyona engundoqo yembali Umsebenzi ngumphandi - oku mhlawumbi i "Uphando, izimvo kunye neentetho ngembali Russian." libaluleke kakhulu ayithabathele ingqeqesho kwemfundo yokuziphatha yobuzwe, njengoko kubonakala protectress wakhe umgcini uxolo. Wayekholelwa ukuba kwilizwe lethu akukho sizathu sokuba kuphazamiseka olululo ukusuka kudaladala abantu sinyanisekile lobuzwilakhe, ukholo Orthodox kunye nolwimi lweenkobe. Ngoko ke, lo nzulu wasondela ithiyori uhlanga esemthethweni, eyasekwa ngeli xesha.

malunga nababusi

Pogodin uMikhail Petrovich, ifoto leyo linikwa kwi nqaku, ukongeza kwimbali zamaxesha aphakathi kunye yamandulo, kwaye nayo inxaxheba kwixesha elizayo. Of umdla ezithile uvavanyo abalawuli zalo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, wacinga ubukumkani Ivan labangcangcazelisi kwinqanaba zendalo nokusekwa sokumiswa Russian. Umbhali-mbali kakhulu kakhulu yeenguqu kaPetros, ekholelwa ukuba indawo yabo yomkhombe phambi kokuqalisa wobukumkani bakhe. Ngoko ke, ubuchule kunye nomsebenzi Pogodin uphethe indawo ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso historiography lwesizwe.