Le mfazwe yamakhaya phakathi kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika. Izinto ezibangela imfazwe ka-1861-1865

Imfazwe phakathi kuMntla noMzantsi Merika uye waba ngomnye izigaba lalawo ekubunjweni yoluntu mihla American. Iminyaka 5 yongquzulwano ngezixhobo angekayazi eyona nto eUnited States, nangona abaninzi abangamaxhoba bakwazi kwacaba indlela sobukho yayo elizayo kunye nophuhliso.

USA ngenkulungwane XIX kunye ekungafuneki yayo

Yokuqala kunye sizathu engundoqo ungquzulwano yomkhosi phakathi kwamazwe wazalwa ekuqaleni kwamathanga. Ngowe-1619, amakhoboka yokuqala African kwaziswa Virginia. Ndaqala ukwenza inkqubo khoboka. Kwisithuba amashumi ambalwa, oko yaqala ukubonakala iimpawu yokuqala ungquzulwano elizayo. Abantu baye baqala ukuthetha ngokuchasene ebukhobokeni. Eyokuqala yaba Rodzher Uilyams. Step ngenyathelo, waqalisa ukuba kuvela mthetho lokuqala ukulungiselela nokulawula ubomi amakhoboka ngcembe wafumana amalungelo "oluntu" zidla anyhashwe ngabanikazi bazo.

Ngenkulungwane XIX, xa imfazwe phakathi North noMzantsi Melika sele engaphephekiyo, Congress nangoku uzama ukufumana kwizibhambathiso ngokusebenzisa ngoxolo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1820, i-Missouri Compromise, nto leyo ekhokelele kummandla yobukhoboka watyikitywa liye landiswa. Kucacile ukuba kukho iindawo umda likhoboka-ubambe. Ngoko ke, i-South elingafuni ngokupheleleyo ngokwayo evela North. Ngowe-1854, isivumelwano irhoxisiwe. Kwakhona, i-Republican Party kwiqonga imibutho abalwe ubukhoboka kwasekwa kulo nyaka. Kwaye ngo 1860 waba ngummeli umongameli la mandla zezopolitiko Abraham Lincoln.

Kulo nyaka US waphulukana kwimimandla ekumzantsi ezintandathu, nto leyo athi zokurhoxa zabo ukusuka umanyano kunye nokudalwa States limise. Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva, emva uloyiso yokuqala Confederation e Fort Sumter, ukuba lirhoxe US uthe enye 5 ithi. ithi Northern esalazisayo ngokugaya - War Civil phakathi kuMntla noMzantsi Merika ngoMay.

American South kunye namasiko alo

Yintoni longquzulwano ngaphantsi omkhulu phakathi kwamazwe, zikhona ecaleni eminyaka? Asikwazi sithi ukuba uMzantsi waba likhoboka ngokupheleleyo ngokungenabuntu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kuzo ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XIX, kwabanjwa kukho inani elikhulu ezimelene yobukhoboka, kodwa ngo-1830 ukuba sidiniwe.

Indlela ithi wasezantsi ngokwesiseko ezichaswayo phantsi North. Emva kweMfazwe Mexican-American States wafumana lifa enkulu. zathu waba kuyimfuneko ukuzisingatha. Abatyali baye bafumana indlela yokuphuma ngokuthenga ngamakhoboka. Ngenxa yoko, i-South iye kummandla kwezolimo, efuna rhoqo abasebenzi apho kukho ukunqongophala ebalulekileyo. Ngenxa yabasebenzi engento imfazwe phakathi kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika. Kakuhle eli impixano, ngokutsho mbali ezininzi, walala nzulu.

lithi northern

ithi Northern baba malunga ngokupheleleyo kwesi yamaphephandaba yelasezantsi. Business kwaye izama North ephuhliswe kushishino kunye nobunjineli ngoomatshini. Kwakungekho ubukhoboka, kunye nokukhuthaza abasebenzi free. Kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba bahlanganisana apha abantu njengabaphuphayo ukuba zizityebi kwaye wenze intywenka. Kwimimandla esemantla kuthwalelwa phandle kwaye useka inkqubo bhetyebhetye kweerhafu, kwakukho yesisa. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba, nangona ubume abemi ezamahala, abantu abamnyama kunye North ayengabemi yodidi lwesibini.

Izinto ezibangela imfazwe phakathi kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika

• Umzabalazo emva kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka. mbali abaninzi bathi le ngongoma kuphela icebo yezopolitiko Lincoln, nto leyo efunekayo ukomeleza igunya layo eYurophu.
• Umahluko phakathi sengqondo kwabemi kwimimandla esemantla esemazantsi.
• Umnqweno ukulawula states yomntla abamelwane esemazantsi ngalo uninzi lezihlalo House of Representatives.
• Ukuxhomekeka ye revolution kwezemveliso yemveliso yezolimo yelasezantsi. kwimimandla esemantla ekuthengeni umqhaphu, icuba kunye neswekile ngeqondo mali, enyanzela zokutyala ukuba baphile kunokuba nampumelelo.

Ikhosi ngamajoni kwixesha lokuqala zemfazwe

Ngo-Epreli 1861 kwiMfazwe Civil yaqala kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika. Ababhali-mbali ixesha elide ukuba azi ukuba ngubani owaqala imfazwe. Emva bethelekisa izibakala neziqhushumbisi ngu zokudubula, kwacaca ukuba imfazwe eyehlela Southerners.

Idabi ahlula amajoni yokuqala limise kwenzeka kufuphi Fort Sumter. Emva kwale boyisiwe, uMongameli Lincoln anikelwe "kwi umpu" amavolontiya 75 amawaka. Akazange afune isicombululo igazi ukuya ungquzulwano kwaye wathembisa ukuba abuyise States ngokwakho ndiwavelele baphembeleli. Ke imfazwe phakathi North noMzantsi Melika sele kunqandwa. Southerners zoloyiso yokuqala ephefumlelweyo kwaye uzimisele ukulwa. Ingqikelelo imbeko nanobukroti amakhwenkwe sobukhalipha Southern ningabaniki ilungelo lokurhoxisa. Kunye nenzuzo e lokuqala imfazwe enkulu kuMzantsi - inani elaneleyo amajoni abaqeqeshiweyo kunye nokwakhiwa weqela, kwakunye izixhobo zokugcina cwaka emva kokuba imfazwe Mexico.

Lincoln bamema kuvalwe iindlela onke amazwe limise.

NgoJulayi 1861 kwakukho idabi Bull Run River, ngexesha apho azuzeke abendlu ka-Ikukucetywa. Kodwa endaweni uye sokubala-kuhlaselwa Washington, southerners wakhetha namaqhinga ukuzithethelela, lidakile sethubeni. Longquzulwano kwakhula ngehlobo lowe-1861. Noko ke, ukuba bekuwiswe Southerners ngokubukekayo, kwakuza yaphela imfazwe phakathi kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika. Ngubani ukuwina kweli nqanaba impixano, ngoko ke ngokuqinisekileyo hayi Federation.

Ngo-Epreli 1862 kwenzeka enye amadabi lalawo kwiMfazwe Civil, yabulala abantu abangamawaka amathandathu - Idabi eShilo. Eli dabi, nangona kunye nelahleko enkulu, imikhosi eManyeneyo iphumelele kwaye sele lo nyanga ngaphandle edubuleyo omnye waya New Orleans neMemphis.

Ngo-Agasti, imikhosi Northern wasondela ikomkhulu eli Ikukucetywa Richmond, kodwa isiqingatha yomkhosi ezincinane limise ikhokelwa ngu-Jikelele Lee, unako ukumelana nawo. NgoSeptemba, imikhosi kwakhona kulwelwa Bull Run River. Ngoku kuvunywa Washington, kodwa luck kwakhona ezingahambi babehlangene.

kokuphathwa

Enye ixilongo imfihlelo Abraham Lincoln, awathi wafundisa njengonobangela enkulu impixano phakathi kwamazwe, waye kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka. Kwathi ngexesha ngumongameli ekunene wayisebenzisa yokuphelisa ubukhoboka kwi ithi naba neenkani, njengoko imfazwe phakathi North noMzantsi Melika ka-1861-1865 kufuneka zithathe ixesha elide.

NgoSeptemba, Lincoln utyikitye Ukukhululwa wee ilwa kunye Union States. Dobrich ubukhoboka baqhubeka.

Ngoko ke, umongameli elilodwa ukubulala intaka ezimbini ngelitye elinye. Azisa kuye ehlabathini njengomntu uyawalwela amalungelo yabantu abamnyama. Ngoku Europe ayikwazi ukunceda Ikukucetywa. Kwelinye icala, omnye linenxeba lalo ebuhlanti, waqhubeka ubukhulu komkhosi waso.

Isigaba sesibini yemfazwe

NgoMeyi 1863, isigaba sesibini kwiphulo lomkhosi. North ne Umzantsi Melika emfazweni liqale nge unenzondelelo entsha.

Ekuqaleni Julayi, ekusunguleni idabi esasiyindumasi Gettysburg, eyathatha iintsuku eziliqela, nto leyo ekhokelele imikhosi limise kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele. Le kokoyiswa wathabatha amawakawaka abantu ndawaphula isimo salo South, baye bamelana, kodwa ngaphandle impumelelo enkulu.

NgoJulayi 4, 1863 Vicksburg wawa General Grant. nangoko Lincoln wammisa ukuba abe intloko yomkhosi northerners. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa ukruthakruthwano phakathi iinjengele ezimbini Committe - Lee kunye Grant.

Atlanta, Savannah, iCharleston - isixeko kweli lizwe phantsi kolawulo amajoni Union. UMongameli Lincoln Davis wathumela incwadi nomnikelo ehlabathini, kodwa North athobele South, kunokuba ukulingana.

Imfazwe phakathi kuMntla noMzantsi Merika ngenkulungwane ye-19 Yaphela emuva amajoni Aram, i-South amanene wawa, kunye namashishini kunye ukufunda North waphumelela.

iziphumo

• Emva kokuyekiswa kobukhoboka.
• US federal wahlala imfundo ngokupheleleyo.
• Abameli ithi esemantla iphumelele inkoliso izihlalo apha eNdlwini nizihlabe kuyimfuneko imithetho zoshishino kunye noshishino, ulubethe "izipaji 'of southerners.
• abantu abangaphezulu kwama-600,000 ababulawa.
• Ukuqala i-revolution industrial kwi kwimimandla ekumzantsi, iyonke ukusetyenziswa koomatshini.
• Ukwandiswa imarike elinye US.
• Uphuhliso imibutho yabasebenzi kunye nemibutho yasekuhlaleni.

Ezi ziphumo bakhokela imfazwe phakathi kuMntla nakuMzantsi Melika. Igama yena ufumene Civic. Le kwegazi phakathi abemi balo Ndandingasekho eUnited States.