Otto Weininger: engobomi, kuchaphulo olu. Otto Weininger, "Isini Lomntu": isishwankathelo, ncomo

sobulumko Austria, umYuda ngokuzalwa Otto Veyninger wazalwa ngo-1880, ngo-Apreli-3 kwikomkhulu Austria eVienna. Isiphelo sakhe waba buhlungu: kweminyaka 23 oneziqu zaseyunivesithi ababhinqileyo, kwengqondo abatsha bulumko, waba isisulu ngokuzibulala. Ingxaki engundoqo wobomi amakhwenkwe amabini-ezintathu Jewishness yakhe. Le nyaniso oluchaza eyabangela ukuba aphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo ukuba ngokuvisisana ngokwayo. Inowuthi, awawubhalayo nje ngaphambi kokuba afe kwaye kwafunyanwa phakathi amaphepha bakhe, ukuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa ukuba uzibulele ukuze ukubulala abanye. Kakade ke, kuba abantu abaninzi intsingiselo iqhina wahlala ungaqondwa. I wonder wayethetha ukuthini?

Otto Weininger. "Sex and Lomntu": isishwankathelo

Le ncwadi okuluphawu le nzulu ngezinto Austria. It Otto Weininger Bufana Iziluleko zakhe jikelele kwaye ahlalutye of yindoda nebhinqa. Wayeqinisekile kakhulu ukuba izichasi epheleleyo, ingakumbi ngengqiqo yokuziphatha. Le ncwadi "Isini Character" yabhalwa ngo-1902, kunyaka nesiqingatha phambi kokuba umbhali bazibulala. Emva kweminyaka-110 plus na uphulukene kwayo phakathi zombini izazinzulu abemi abaqhelekileyo. Ngokutsho imfundiso yakhe, ibe umntu oyindoda kunye kumgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda, nangokuthobeka kwentliziyo, indalo. Kodwa abafazi - imodeli abangekaphuhli ngakumbi lokuqonda. yenyama kunye ngaphantsi nemveliso. Ngelo abathwali ngexesha elifanayo "obhinqileyo" kuba sisiqalo nje kuphela abasetyhini kodwa amadoda, ukubayinxalenye kugqatso Negroid, kwakunye amaYuda. AmaKristu iziphathi imifuziselo 'yindoda' imilinganiselo yokuziphatha.

Biography Weininger

Njengoko sele kuchaziwe, sobulumko yaseOstriya Otto Weininger, ogama engobomi iqala ngo-1880, wazalwa ikomkhulu waltz - Vienna ekuqaleni iinyanga yasentwasahlobo yesibini (Aprili 3). iingcambu zawo ababekolo kaMoses ubudala, ukuba isizathu sokuba kokufa kwakhe eneminyaka eyi-23. Ngelishwa, ulwazi malunga nendlela umntwana lowo Veyninger Otto, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu emfutshane bulumko ayichazi. Kutheni aligqibe? Musa ukulibala ukuba walishiya eli hlabathi eselula kakhulu. Noko ke, wakwazi immortalize igama lakhe - Otto Weininger. "Sex and Character" (reviews ngale ncwadi bebodwa kufuneka ezixabisekileyo kuba bengabakho usiba abaphengululi ezahlukeneyo) - le yincwadi umdla malunga uhlobo abasetyhini kunye namadoda. Kube sele kudlule iminyaka eli-100, ephantsi iliso izazinzulu abaselula imigqaliselo: kwezentlalo, bengqondo, iingcali ngemvelaphi, kwaye, kakade, zobulumko.

Weininger yena kuqala wafundiswa Vienna University of Sciences Natural, kakuhle, ngoko ke ndatshintshela bulumko. Yena linamandla amangalisayo waza waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo iimbeko. Kwiminyaka 20 bakwazile ukwenza izinto ezininzi: ungowabantu ezininzi iilwimi abafileyo yaye mihla, kwafuneka ulwazi kakuhle uncwadi, ukuma, imathematika kunye namayeza. Oku kungathathwa esihamba enkulu okanye nofundiswayo. Kungekudala emva kokuphumelela, wayezithethelela ithisisi yakhe zobugqirha, umxholo esavela buvamise. Hi ndlela leyi, emva kokuba inzululwazi wokhuselo wabhaptizwa waza waba ngumlandeli yamaLuthere Church.

Izizathu zokuzibulala

Emva Otto yaba yelishwa, oogxa bakhe waqalisa ukufunda izizathu ezaziza kuba ezakhokelela kwesi. Abaninzi kubo beza kwisigqibo sokuba Otto Weininger, emva wagqiba ukuba amaYuda kuba nababhinqileyo, akakwazi ukuba sithwalwe ngazo waza wagqiba ekubeni azibulale. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ngexesha lokufa kwakhe, waba kwimeko lobunzima sangaphakathi enzonzobila. Noko ke, ungumJuda nje kuphela, kodwa kananjalo ukuqonda ephuhliswe bamnceda wenza i nyathelo engalindelekanga enjalo.

Yenzeka njani le nto?

Ukuzibulala Otto Weininger zithathwa zokwalatha njengoko wakhetha ukuphumeza oku kwigumbi ehotele, apho yokugqibela wawunikela umoya umqambi enkulu nguBeethoven. Otto ufumane isiqingatha abafileyo kanye kweli gumbi amapolisa. Endleleni eya esibhedlele wafa. Isizathu yaba udubuleke enenxeba esifubeni (intliziyo). Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, waya eItali, yaye loo nto womyoleli phakathi amaphepha bakhe Kwafunyanwa kubhaliwe ngexesha lolu hambo. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuzibulala lokuhlela kwaye ngabom inyathelo, kungekhona ubuthathaka nomzuzwana. Xa intando yakhe, ukongeza ezinye imali odolo, wacela ukuba ndimthumele kuye incwadi loo manani zoluntu, ezifana UKnut Hamsun, Jakob Wassermann, Mxim Gorky, njl Phakathi amaphepha zakhe kwaye kwafunyanwa umbhalo, esiye sele wathi -. "Kufuneka ukuzibulala, ukuba ukubulala omnye. " Izizathu zokuzibulala, nangolwamasiko zeesayikholojisti ezahlukeneyo kwaye zahlukene, kodwa nithi ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho namnye unako.

Works of Otto Weininger

Kakade ke, lo "Isini kanobumba" - lo msebenzi adumileyo bulumko, kodwa emva kokufa kwakhe ekukhanyeni waphuma iincwadi ezifana "Ngomhla Izinto Yokugqibela ', ebhalwe kulo nyaka njengoko" Isini Character ", kodwa yapapashwa ngo-1904 m, "Uthando nomfazi" (1917). Hi ndlela leyi, kuzo zonke iimfundiso zayo singene indawo esembindini indawo abantu. Ngokutsho Weininger, nguye yedwa lo kwindalo iphela. Yena akanayo imigomo kunye nto ngaphandle ngokwayo. Akazi ukuba uhleli, yintoni izibophelele entandweni aphezulu.

Igalelo zeSayensi

Ngenkulungwane yama-20, intetho lunengxaki ubuntu baba athandwa kakhulu. Kwaye ukuba Weininger wakwazi ukuba adlulisele ngemisebenzi yakhe yimeko apho umntu lithemba, ukunqongophala ukuqonda yena. Sekunjalo, yena wayesazi kakhulu ukuba ubukrelekrele eliphezulu yaye bezithembile ubuchule bakhe. Otto Weininger ayekholelwa ukuba zonke kwakufuneka enze - ukuzisa lonke ulwazi lwabo, kwakunye siyiqonde le nkqubo jikelele kunye vseobyasnyayuschuyu, apho, ngokwembono yakhe, umsebenzi wakhe iphepha-600 'Ukulalana kunye nohlobo uphando esisiseko. ". Oku kuya kuvumela ukuba ukusombulula imfihlelo ihlabathi nomntu. Le ncwadi yapapashwa ngo-1903 yi-Viennese kunye Leipzig abapapashi 'Braumyuller ". Kubonakala ukuba ubomi bakhe bonke baya njengesiqhelo. umsebenzi wakhe wamenza edumileyo, kwaye ngoku sazi abantu abaninzi Weininger. engobomi bakhe ethi, Noko ke, kungekudala ukuba uphazamiseke. Ngenye imini emva kohambo kwelaseItali, wachitha iintsuku ezintlanu kwikhaya ngabazali bakhe. Emva koko, akukho mntu uthi, wazisusa igumbi ebusuku, abalunikelwayo kwakanye i bukaBeethoven omkhulu wafa. Ngentsasa elandelayo ke akasekho.

amazwi

Nangona kwinto yokuba bambalwa abantu bazi kwizangqa ububanzi, ngubani na Otto Weininger, ucaphula naye ezithandwa kakhulu. Abaninzi kubo bangamalungu besini bubuhle. Kwezi, sinokwenza izigqibo njengoko elawula isimo sakhe sengqondo ngabo. Ke ukuba uthi amaYuda aba abathwali nababhinqileyo, kucacile ukuba kutheni ke wazibulala ngokwabo. Yena nje kwaba bengazimisele kuhlala umthwalo onjalo. Kwaye ngoku ndifuna ukuba umazi kunye nabanye aphorisms bakhe, ibekwe candelo lilandelayo osihloko sithi "Otto Weininger:. Kuchaphulo olu malunga abafazi" Kakade ke, inkoliso yintoni nje wena uyayithanda. Nangona kunjalo, i-sobulumko waseOstriya wacinga waza waziva njalo ...

Otto Weininger: ucaphula ngayo abasetyhini

Weininger ubhala ukuba umfazi kwezinye iindawo ezintle ngaphezu yonke. Okanye sobulumko ukholelwa ukuba umfazi umdla kuphela indoda ngokucinga yakhe namandla. Ukongeza, ikholelwa ukuba nawuphi na umfazi kwi indoda yenza erogenically, yaye bonke abantu bathanda abafazi ngokulinganayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ukuba umfazi eyomeleleyo ngokomoya, yena womelele nangokwenyama. Ukongeza, iya anomoya iimpawu ubudoda ngayo nomlinganiswa kunye imbonakalo. Abasetyhini azifani amadoda shy ukubonisa abanye indlela awonwabanga yena. Kuba yinto nje ukwazi ukuba i ukungonwabi nzulu. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuba umfazi ukuthandwa. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ukuqhayisa ngalo phambi amanye amabhinqa kunye unobangela yomona. Akuyomfuneko Umfazi ukuhlonipha umntu wakhe, ufuna nje umntu ukuba ulime umzimba wakhe. Kukho nezinye izigwebo ezininzi umoya ofanayo, leyo, ngokwemvelo, ngaba ruffle nawuphi na umfazi onengqondo.

Ukuphonononga ukuba umsebenzi main Otto Veyningera

Uqikelelo kubaphandi ngokuphathelele le ncwadi antsonkothileyo. Abanye bathi kwayo okukuyo yonke imisebenzi kummandla ngengqondo. Noko ke, abanye bakholelwa ukuba oku ngathi kukulavuza, nokuzisola wachitha ixesha ufunda. Kukho izimvo ukuba Freud wayengumlandeli Weininger, gxebe, ukuba waboleka ingcinga yakhe nokuba izifundo uMalume uSigmund into ngaphezu kokuba lwengoma-off. Kakade ke, phakathi kwabantu, uthethe kakuhle kwaye nkqu uncoma malunga nomsebenzi Weininger, uninzi amadoda, oko kukuthi "ilungelo", kodwa ke abameli ngesondo buthathaka, Kakade ke, akazange ukwabelana iimbono zakhe kwabuya yakhe. Ngokufutshane, umsebenzi wakhe Otto Veyninger wakwazi ukusahlukanisa phakathi kwezini ezimbini.